HomeMy WebLinkAboutAugusta Canal Hydroproject
Augusta Richmond GA
DOCUMENT NAME: r1VG;VSrA C~NAL- 1-l'fD(<o pP"OJBC-r' P~O~GCI
DOCUMENT TYPE:
YEAR: ;;<00::'
BOX NUMBER: ) 8'
FILE NUMBER: I ~ 7 g- r
NUMBER OF PAGES:
J-{<6q
AUGUSTA-RICHMOND COUNTY COMMISSION
~
t:2
~
;...it
;
v
BOB YOUNG
Mayor
STAFF ATTORNEYS
V ANESSA FLOURNOY
SPARTICUS HEYWARD
LEE BEARD
TOMMY BOYLES
ULMER BRIDGES
ANDY CHEEK
BOBBY G. HANKERSON
WILLIAM B. KUHLKE, JR.
WM. "WILLIE" H. MAYS, III
STEPHEN E. SHEPARD
MARION WILLIAMS
JAMESB. WALL
CITY ATTORNEY
AUGUSTA LAW DEPARTMENT
RICHARD L. COLCLOUGH
Mayor Pro Tern
GEORGE R. KOLB
Administrator
June 20, 2003
Please Reply to:
P.O. Box 2125
Augusta, GA 30903
(706) 821-2488
Fax (706) 722-5984
jwall@co.richmond.ga.us
To All Parties on the Enclosed List:
I enclose herewith a service copy of the Revised Augusta Canal Hydroproject
Project Application (FERC Project No. 11810) filed on June 20, 2003. Enclosed you will find
the Revised Application, Appendices 13 and 14, and a Revised Operation Plan.
Yoms~rtJ,
es B. Wall
JBW/sjp
Enclosures
cc: Mr. Jorge Jimenez
Mr. Drew Goins
Mr. Fred Springer
Mr. George Somerville
rO
'I
o
Service List - Hardbound Copy
Mayor Bob Young
Augusta, Georgia
530 Greene Street, Room 806
Augusta, GA 30911-4406
George R. Kolb
Administrator, Augusta, GA
Room 801, Municipal Bldg.
530 Greene Street, Room 801
Augusta, GA 30911
Regional Engineer
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Atlanta Regional Office
3125 Presidential Pkwy, Suite 300
Atlanta, GA 30340-3700
David Waller
GA Department of Natural Resources
Wildlife Resources Division
2070U Highway 278 SE
Social Circle, GA 30025-4711
Jon Ambrose, Program Manager
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
National Heritage Program
2117 Highway 278.SE
Social Circle, GA 30025-4714
Director, Georgia Environmental
Protection Division
Department of Natural Resources
205 Butler St., SE, Suite 1152
Atlanta, GA 30334-9041
Ray Luce, Director
Georgia Historic Preservation Division
151 Trinity Ave., SW, Suite101
Atlanta, GA 30303-3625
~
.1
l1Y
E. V .E. Joy
National Marine Fisheries Service
9721 Executive Center Dr. N
Saint Petersburg, FL 33702-2449
Regional Director, National Marine
Fisheries Service
Southeast Regional Office
9721 Executive Center Dr.N
Saint Petersburg, FL 33702-2449
Lonice Barrett, Director of
Parks & Historic Sites Division
Department of Natural Resources
205 Butler St. SE, Suite 1352
Atlanta, GA 30334-9043
Clerk of Commission
Augusta-Richmond County Commission
530 Greene Street, Room 806
Augusta, GA 30911-4406
Cynthia Bohn
U S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Ecological Services
1875 Century Blvd. NE, Suite 200
Atlanta, GA 30345-3319
Regional Director, U. S National
Park Service
U S. Department of the Interior
100 Alabama St., SW
Atlanta, GA 30303-8701
James Lee
US. Department of the Interior
Russell Federal Building
75 Spring St., SW Suite 1144
Atlanta, GA 30303-3308
Avondale Mills
900 Avondale Ave.
Sylacauga, AL 35150-1899
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
Revised Operations Plan
(FERC Project No. 11810)
Augusta, Georgia
Revised June 20, 2003
t f
,
7:'''''---~~-_~~_.-.- '
. . , -.'; ";-~^"-----,:" ---~
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PROJECT...................................................... 3
1.1 Water Supply ..........................................................................................................3
1.2 Hydro-mechanical Pumping................................................................................... 4
1.3 Energy Use and Cost Savings .................................................................................4
1.4 Potable Water Demands............. ............................................................................. 5
1.4.1 Water Demand Projections ............................................................................. 5
1.4.2 Augusta Water Conservation Plan Summary ............................................... 15
1.5 Historical, Aesthetic, Educational and Recreational Augusta Canal Elements.... 16
1.5.1 Upper Reach Augusta Canal National Heritage Area................................... 16
1.5.2 Middle Reach Augusta Canal National Heritage Area: ................................ 17
1.5.3 Urban Reach Augusta Canal National Heritage Area................................... 18
2 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND MAINTENANCE........................................ 19
2.1 Accident Prevention.... .................... ......:............................................................... 19
2.1.1 Potentially Hazardous Aspects of Raw Water Pumping Station Operations
and Routine Precautions Against Accidents ..........-................................................... 19
2.1.2 Cleaning Maintenance for a Safe Work Place .............................................. 20
2.1. 3 Training for Safety........................................................................................ 21
2.1.4 Physical Security... .................. .................... .............. ................. ..... .............. 21
3 RECORDS AND REPORTS ................................................................................. 22
3.1 Records and Reports............................................................................................. 22
3.2 Types of Records and Reports (See Section 5 for definitions)............................. 22
4 FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS ...................................................................... 26
4.1 Daily Operation.......... ......... ................ ....... .......... ......... ........................................ 26
4.2 Personnel............................................................................................................... 26
4.3 Raw Water Pumping 'Station................................................................................. 26
4.3 .1 Normal Operation................................ ......................................................... 27
4.3.2 Reserve Operations.......................... ............................................................. 29
4.4 Flood Control Devices.......................................................................................... 29
4.4.1 Long Gate Spillway ...................................................................................... 29
4.4.2 Tin House Gates..................... ..... ........................... ............... ................ ........ 30
4.4.3 Bulkhead Gates............................................................................................. 30
4.4.4 Weigle's Gate......... ........... ........ ....... ..... ........... ..... ............. .................... ....... 31
4.4.5 Thirteenth Street Gates ................................................................................. 31
4.4.6 Twelfth Street Gates ..................................................................................... 31
4.4.7 Hawk's Gully Discharge............................................................................... 32
4.5 Contracted Water Supplies ................................................................................... 32
4.5.1 Sibley Mill, FERC License Number 5044, GA ............................................ 32
4.5.2 King Mill, FERC License Number 9988, GA .............................................. 32
4.5.3 Enterprise Mill, FERC License Number 2935, GA...................................... 32
4.6 Other Water Uses.................................................................................................. 33
4.6.1 Recreational Flows........................................................................................ 33
4.6.2 Aesthetic Flows.......... ................. .................................. ............ ........... ......... 33
OPl
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
5 FLOW MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................................... 34
5.1 Introducti on........................................................................................................... 34
5.2 Description of proposed Operations Plan: ............................................................ 36
5.3 Definition of Terms: Plan Components ............................................................... 41
5.3.1 User Flow Rates........... ............ ........ .................... ........... ............. ..... ............ 41
5.3.2 Augusta Declaration...................................................................................... 42
5.3.3 Flow .Regulation.................... .............. ................ .... ...... ... ... .... ........ ... ...... ..... 42
5.3.4 Biological Season Threshold Rates .............................................................. 44
5.3.5 Drought Levels... .............. ........ ........ ..... .... ........... ............... ....... ........... ........ 44
5.3.6 Reserved Flow rates...................................................................................... 45
5.3.7 Dail y Demand............................................................................................... 45
5.3.8 Daily Allowable Diversion Flow Rate.......................................................... 45
5.3.9 Excess Flow Rates....... ....,....... ....... ........... ......................... ....... ..... .............. 46
5.3.10 Flow Curtailment .......................................................................................... 46
5.4 Computer Aided Flow Management..................................................................... 47
5.5 Augusta Diversion Dam Headgate Operation....................................................... 48
5.5.1 Automated Gate Operation........................................................................... 48
5.5.2 Manual Operation ...... ....... ........ ................. ......... .................. ..... ............ ....... 49
5.5.3 Compliance Monitoring................................................................................ 49
5.5.4 Schedule ofImplementation ..... .................................................................... 50
5.6 Management Options............................................................................................ 51
5.6.1 Curtail Aesthetic Flows................................................................................. 51
5.6.2 Curtail Recreational flows ............................................................................ 51
5.6.3 Curtail Augusta Canal Hydroelectric Power Operations .............................. 52
5.6.4 Curtailment of Augusta Raw Water Pumping Station Operation................. 52
5.7 Channel Maintenance/Sediment Flushing ............................................................52
OP2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
1 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PROJECT
1.1 Water Supply
Augusta provides drinking water to most of the citizens of Richmond County.
The Augusta water system has been in existence since the 1820' s, supplying water first
from springs, then from the Augusta Canal near 15th Street, and since 1898 from the
Augusta Canal at the present Raw Water Pumping Station (RWPS) site. In addition,
since the 1950's, groundwater sources have been used to supply water to areas in the
southern portions of Richmond County.
Recent trends have shown excessive groundwater usage in Georgia, which lowers
area groundwater tables and thereby increases the potential for contanlination. This
situation has been worsened by increases in usages of the Tuscaloosa aquifer from
Augusta to the Georgia Coast. Since 1998, the Georgia Environmental Protection
Division (GEPD) has prohibited increases in groundwater withdrawals for Augusta.
Accordingly, projected public water demands must be met by increasing rates of surface
water use while maintaining or decreasing groundwater use. Optimum use of the state's
water resources dictates continuing the use of Augusta's Raw Water Pumping Station to
meet projected water demands.
In a 1998 study of the Augusta water system, the maximum daily usage was
projected to reach 92 mgd (million gallons per day) by 2015. Expansion of the Highland
Avenue Plant to 60 mgd capacity is underway. It has been determined that future water
needs will be best served by a new surface water treatment facility in South Augusta.
OP3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
1.2 Hydro-mechanical Pumping
The most economic and efficient power source available to Augusta for operating
its Raw Water Pumping Station is using the Augusta Canal to produce hydro-mechanical
power. The hydro-mechanical turbines of the Augusta Raw Water Pumping Station are
operated utilizing water from the Augusta Canal. Augusta has been using water power
for pumping raw water to its treatment plant for 105 years (since 1898). This system is
simple and efficient because it does not require converting energy from one form to
another.
1.3 Energy Use and Cost Savings
As discussed in the Engineering Study (Appendix S-ll), replacement facilities
need to be constructed at the RWPS to allow for redundancy in the equipment. The
proposed improved Augusta Raw Water Pumping Station affords twenty-year present
worth savings of $5,030,902 over hydroelectric development. (See the Engineering
Study Report, Appendix S-11 to the revised FERC License Application). Other Augusta
Canal users, the Sibley, King, and Enterprise Mills (Mills), cumulatively generate 40,121
mega watt-hours of electricity annually. Their avoided cost of purchasing this electricity
is approximately $2,407,000 annually. These mills hold Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC) Licenses for their hydroelectric operations.
OP4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
1.4 Potable Water Demands
1.4.1 Water Demand Projections
Current (2003) maximum day urban and suburban Augusta potable water
demands total approximately 68 mgd. Fifty (50) mgd is provided by the surface water
system and 18 mgd by groundwater wells. This demand is expected to increase at a rate
of 1.28 mgd/year. Groundwater is expected to supply 10 mgd, due to a GEPD-mandated
reduction of current groundwater use. A new surface water treatment plant on Tobacco
Road in South Augusta, which is currently under construction, will provide 15 mgd (not
supplied from the Augusta Canal) in lieu of groundwater sources. That plant will provide
water to the southern part of Richmond County. It will not replace any need anticipated
for the Highland Avenue Water Plant, which is served by the Raw Water Pumping
Station in the Augusta Canal. The two surface water treatment facilities, the new plant
on Tobacco Road and the existing plant on Highland Avenue, will provide water to
separate and distinct service areas.
The Highland Avenue plant must supply 60 mgd. The Raw Water Pumping
Station has an installed hydro-mechanical pumping capacity of 70 mgd. It will be fitted
with additional pumping equipment, and the existing equipment will be relegated to
backup status.
The Engineering Study of the Augusta Canal Power Utilization and Raw Water
Pumping, published by ZEL Engineers on July 6,1998 (Appendix S-11), presents the
recommendations made by ZEL Engineers in regard to the development of power
OP5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
resources of the Augusta Canal. The following is the Executive Summary from that
Report:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
This Report presents the evaluations made regarding the development of the
power resources of the Augusta Canal and the costs of providing raw water
pumpingfor the Augusta - Richmond County Water System.
The Conclusions:
. It is not financially feasible to develop a hydroelectric generation facility on
the Augusta Canal.
. The present site of the raw water pumping station is the best site for
additional pumping of raw water to meet the Water System needs in the future.
. Due to the age of the existing equipment, the water system needs additional
raw water pumping to meet the present and future demands and provide
reliability.
. Hydromechanical power is the most cost effective power source for driving
new pumps to meet the present andfuture needs of the water system.
The Recommendations:
. Construct a new pumping station housing two Francis Turbines, speed
increasers and water pumps of 30 mgd each to meet the present and future
needs of the Water System. Economies of scale dictate proceeding with both
units at the same time adjacent to the existing unit No.4. The existing
equipment will be maintained in a reserve role.
. Construct a new diesel driven vertical turbine pump of 45 mgd capacity for
backup and peaking use capable of withdrawal from the Savannah River and
the Augusta Canal, adjacent to the existing unit No.4.
Since that time, a change has been made to the recommendations. For purposes of
redundancy, reliability and flexibility, the 45 mgd diesel unit has been changed to two 20
OP6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
mgd units and a third redundant 20 mgd unit is to be installed. Augusta proposes to begin
construction of the new facilities in 2004 and anticipates completing construction about
2007, at which time the existing works will be converted to reserve duty.
Resource agencies have requested that the information presented in the
Engineering Report related to the water needs of the Augusta Canal be provided in a
user-friendlier version. That information is provided below (Tables 1-5, beginning at
page OPlO) in a table format that shows the range of water quantities estimated to be
needed to operate the Augusta Canal during the expected term of a Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission license. Augusta's Technical Memorandum on Canal Water
Needs also presents the information requested by the agencies through the year 2035.
The record from 1991 to 1997 was used to determine the normal range
relationship between average:maximum and average:minimum day demands. During the
1998-2002 period Augusta was continuously under water use restrictions imposed by the
GEPD because of the five-year drought. That period therefore does not represent
conditions to be expected during the term of the license. The 1991-1997 records are
more representative of normal expectations.
The information presented is tabular and progressive. In the following order:
1. Projected potable water demands from the Augusta Water System in million
gallons per day (mgd) are shown in Table 1 by year (from 2000 through 2035)
and by season. The Table identifies the projected average demands (by season)
and the projected minimum and maximum daily demands in each season. The
seasons were defined as follows:
OP7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
a. Winter = December, January, February
b. Spring = March, April, May
c. Summer = July through November
2. Table 2 shows the same information as Table 1 in cubic feet per second (cfs).
3. Table 3 shows the amount of motive water (in cfs) needed to drive the mechanical
hydro-turbines that are proposed in the Engineering Report, to pump the potable
water demand to the water plant, in the same format as the previous tables.
4. Table 4 is the summation of motive water and potable water from Tables 2 and 3,
in cfs.
5. The top line 6fTable 5 presents the needs of the rest of the Augusta Canal uses,
including hydroelectric water needs, aesthetic (flushing) water, and recreational
water. Table 5 then presents the sum of Table 4 and the water needs identified in
the first line of Table 5, which represents the total estimated water needs of the
Augusta Canal through the year 2035, in cfs.
6. Finally, Figure 1 presents the same data as Table 5 in a graphical format.
The information presented for Canal water needs are based on:
1. Water System projected needs as of the 1998 Comprehensive Plan for the Water
System.
2. Proportional use of motive water for water pumping.
3. Contracted water delivery to hydroelectric industrial users.
4. The projections do not account for GEPD mandated water use restrictions that
were in effect during the 1998-2002 period. In addition, Avondale Mill reports in
OP8
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
the FERC License application that its hydroelectric water requirement is 925 cfs,
while its contract with Augusta requires that 1024 cfs be provided for its use. I
The projections also assume that Enterprise Mill will be operating its two
generating units with the volumes of water that Augusta has contracted to deliver
through the Canal, which was not the case for much of the time from 1998
through 2002. Finally, there were no aesthetic or recreational flows allocated in
the historic Canal flow and 100 cfs has been reserved for that purpose.
Consequently, actual 1998-2002 demands were significantly less than the
projected demands.
I Avondale Mills has not actually signed the last two contracts, but both parties have acted in reliance on
the contract and Avondale has paid for water supplied by the Canal, at the contract rates, based upon a rated
horsepower requiring 1024 cfs.
OP9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
'-<;1>"TJ;1>
ss::tnc
(1)(JQ~Cl
Ngnc
0....."'0(1.)
oP I-j ....,
V-l Cl..s. ;1>
~;1>an
-< ......;1>
....... ......Z
(I.) oo~
....... ......
o 0
Z b~
8ti
~
"'0
o
~
"'0
iO
o
'-<
tn
n
....,
o
"'0
tn
~
....,
.......
~
(I.)
"'0
r-<
~
J ~: ~ ~ I ~ i ~ ~ ~ I ~ I ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ J ~: ~ ~ I ~ I ~ ~ I ~I ~ I J ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~: ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~
I ~ ~ I t ~ I ~ I ~ ~ ~: ~ I ~! ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ;( ~::: ~ ~ ;;!; 1 z ~ I ~I C ~ ~, ~ 1 g ~ I ~ ~ i ~ :: I ~ ~ :.
$:cn"U
? ? t t I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ 1 ~ ~ I? ~ ~, ~ I t ~ ~ ~ ~: ~ ~ ~ I ~ ? ~ ~. ~ ? :; ~. ~ ~ ~ :; ~: ~ ~. ~
g ~ ~I ~. ~ ~ ~ ~ i i:;;: ~l: ~ ~ I ~ ~ :: ~ I 2 ~ ~ ~ ~: ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~.::: ~ ;; ~ ~ ~ g ~ c g S'.co iii
3 III ..,
_ a.
'S
):>
- en'll
~ ~I g: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~I g ~ ~ ~ ~I ~ ~I t ~! ~ ~ ~ ~I ~ ~ ~ ~'~ ~ ~I ~ t ~~: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :; r : ~. ;
~~.:~~g~glg~~:lg:~~~~!~:~~I~~~t'~~~I~~8g:~t~I~~~~~~e
~ G>!::c.
...
m
E: $:cn"U
::; ~I g ~ g: ~ ~ ~. ~ ~ g ~i ~ ~ 9 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 6.:': ~ ~: Z; ~ t: ::: ~ ~ ~! ~ '" ~ ~'~ :::I: ~;. ~ ~. ~
'" "=! a '" C: ex <.r <. . C: ex . 1 a <.,' :.,:.,:., ~ <.r a: a' ex: ,=' ",:., a " . ! '" ~ ex' :., ); - 3 en CO =>
N~~~~c~o~~~;;loo ~~ac~c~~o~~~~~c~'a5a~a~~cg~~
~ 3~a.
...
-
IT $:cn"U
g=~~~~~t~~~~:~~~~,~~~~~tt~~~~:~~~~:;;:~~!~~:X~~:i~
~g~~~~~::g:~~~~g~~~~~I~~~~~~~~:~~~0~!~~:Xc'~~g~~
3 III a.
c... -
m
I J C"l
... en"U
I g g, ~ ~ ~ g; ~ ~ g ~ ~ ~ ~ :': g ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t, t ~ t, ~ ~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ';: t ~ :; r ~ ~ ~
I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ S ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ g ~ ~ ~ ~I ~ ~ ~ ~ Zm ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
IT G>~c.
i::
J C/.
"T $:cn"U
~~~~~;;;~~~~~gg:~~~g~~~g~~~~g~~~~ ~t~t,~:;~:~~
101 C <., '=1 <.r C <.,' . ~ C :... ~I;..." :... c., :.,! ~ :.. C ": ex ~ 01 0 0 0 "" q ~ (, ~ a :... ^ c: 3 :g ~ ~
I 0: ii (.1 ~ cl C; 1<< ~ ex "I ii ~ o!;":1 ii 1 a ~ c <., 1 c. ;;: .;; ~:j; ~. -I C; o. ~I ii -.! ex. C I';' C ~ : co c => ro';
.. 3~a.
~
J -
:5 $:cn"Uu
I ~ ~ I ~ ~ I ~ I g: = ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ I ~ ~ ~I ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~: t ~: ~ 1 ~ ~ I c ~: ~ ~ :;;: ~ :;~::~. 3
1 ~ ;"'1;'" ~ I ;"'1 ;... ~ <'1:" <., ~. ,,'!;...' ~ 0:" . I:" a " . I <., 1 ix ~: c., "I (, . . 1 <., ". (. 01" .c. - 3 en CO
I" ~ I -' C I c I c. 0 ~ I;"; ;;: I ~: ;:;: ~ ~. ~ o. ~I ;;: c ~ I a ~ ~ I "I t..':; .;;' i\ 12 C 1 ~I (;' (1 cia = ~ c g ~ ~
:2 3~a.'"
I :2
J j J ~ >::~~
I::: ~ g ~ I g I ~ ~ ~: gl ~ i ~ ~ g ~ ~ ~ ~'~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ t, ~: ~ ~ I ~ ~ I "i ~: ~ ~: ~ ~ ;;; ~ ~ ::
I co", C . '(, c.. . ." . . a <., :., c.. :'1 ~ ;... ~ ~ '" c... ~ I <.r ~1 ixl'" !'-'t <.,':'" ,,' :.,:... '= c.. - ... lD
I" ~ 0 cJ I :::, '" c ~.;;:;I;;' i\ ~ ;..; cJ ~ a (1 a I c.r.:. c: " ~ I ~ ~ ~I ~ ;:: j -I '" cJ ~ ~ - c c ; :: ~ ~ ~
G>!::c.
$:cn"Uu
I g: g ~ ~ I ~ i ~ ;; ;; ;:; ; ~ ::: ~ g, ~ g ~ ~I ~ ~ g (J I ~ g ~I ~ ~ ~ ~ I g ~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :; ;. : ~. 3
.~ ~ ~ ~I*: ~ ~Ill~ ~ iT ~ :I~ ~ ~ :'i:,~I~:: ~I~ 1l1~ ~ l ~~ H~
o
"'0
......
o
I
'-< ;1> 'T:1;1> I
ss::tTJc
(JQ ~ 1'"'\
(1) s:: n....J I
NC/) C
0......."'0(1.)
oP I-j ....,
V-l O..s. ;1>
~;1>an I
-< ......;1>
....... .......Z
~ ~;1>
o or-<
Z b~ I
8ti
~
o
~ I
tn
] I
o
'-<
tTJ
8 I
"'0
tTJ
~ I
.......
o
~ I
r-<
;1>
Z I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
~ " .' 11,1,1., " "" "' , "' , .. J I I ;;<
S~!g~~~~~HHP~SSSS~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ; ~
~-oo~~~~c~~_~~~~~s~ N
$:cn"U
_~ _~ _~ _~ ~ ~ _~ _~ :-' ~ ~ ..... ~ ;; ~: ~ ~. :'i
I~~""';( ~~c:c:c:oq"" -3C1>CO:;
~ <-. ~ 0;:1 ~ ~ ~ ~ g: ~ ~ ~ ~ g g ~ ~l~:~' ~ ~ ~ ~(] ~ ~ 0 ;; ; ...: ::\~: g ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 ~ 1; ~
~ .....j:,." &: caw: i! a '" C ::: - a.
E!: l>cn'll
:-':-':-':-':-':-':-':-'~~~~~~~ c;;~~~.~
I~~(]u:~~~~~~~~~~~:-'~:-'~:-'~~~~~ ~-~(/)Q=
~c~:!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t~I~~cl~:~S~~~~~~g~~~o<;~~;Q
~....i:c1~:j;aexcC:ac~o:m _0-
-
c;
~l>i $: cn "U
~~~->I~~~ ,I <~CO'"
o 0 _ _ _ _ _ _-. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ III )( '" E, "'
"r::.o~"oooo-.:oouuluu~- _ _ _~_~_I_~:-,:-,_~->I~~~~~~~~~ c~~j'~C03
ex a ~ a'~ ~ ~:~~:~ ~!~!~ ~:~ 8~:~ ~I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~:-;;::. ~ ~:. ~ C C c: ,=1" co c::J 1; ~
~~-C~<l:';;Zi:01());;(;~c,,g~~~~a 3~0.
~
:ii $: cn "U
~ ~ ->I ~ ~ m < -, co .., u:
~~~~~~~3~::~~~~~~ o~~~f~
"E~~:::~~a~~~3~,~~~~~~~~~~gaee~g~~~~---~~3~1;~
I ~ .... '" :j; ~ c :j; ex: ;..: ii ~I C7l ~ _I ~ 0: ~ ~ - a.
4 \
I ~<>::~.
~_~_~~_~_~_~_~_~_~ ~ ->I->I~ _ ->I cn'lll ~ Ill~,:
" ~ ~ ~ ~ "0 (] u ~ --1>1 --1>1 --I> ~ r.:J _~ _~ ~ .~ .~ _I_~ ~ _~ :-' _~ _- ~ ~ ~ " c ~ ~ ~ =
ex 0: ex )t~ ~~ ;:g ~9~ 0 g}~ ~ u g ~ ~~~d;~ ~I~I~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Qcg;: iDi
fl I jml.,.c...c...""(...l0:~oo:c:-Co
~ $:cn"U
~~~~~~~->i m<~COocr.
000- - - - :-':-':-':-':-':-':-':-'~~~~~~~~ ~~:~~
~ ~ ~ gt ~ ~~tg t ~ t ~ ~H~: ~~ ~ :l~f;f ~9f;;:,~~~; ~ ~ ~~
_ "': U: ~ W m ~ t.: _ '" < ~ ~ ~. ~ ~ 0 - a.
..,,1
rl
jl>i $: cn "U U
~~~~~~~~->I~~ <~cooc
g ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - -.. -.. -;: J ~ -=: ~ ~ .- _~ _~ _~ _ ~ ~ 3' ~ ~' 3
C '" J> a ~I ~I ~ ~ ~ ~I g, 0' ~ ~ ~ :; ~ ? ?, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'f, ~ ~ ~ ~ g ~ ~ a ~ - - 0, co 3 ~ ro ~
~ "," " c.J.i> (J .:... <d ~ .:;; -oJ i: :t; a ;;: ~?: ~ ~ - a. ~
,~ (I),
I
)> cn "U C.
_~_~_~_~~~~~~~~~~ :;~:~t
~,~ O!" " " ~ " " " " " . ,;; ; ; .- c ~ ~ - ~ - - -' -< ~ - - - ~ - , · · '
a 0: ~ ~ ~ ~ 0: ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ 21 (~ ~,~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -.,:: :.. :.. :.. :J c ~ :.d ~ u ; ~ ~ ; ~
I ex ~.~'u: ~ Cx~ c ex 5 ~ (J::t;:~ t: ~~ ~ Q ~ 0-
~~~u
~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ <XIllOC
'"a. -0 -cr! '"a. '"a. '"a. 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: ~ _I cr _~ _~ _~ _~ _~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3' CI> roo 3
~. ~ ~ ~ ~: ~' ~ ~: ~. ~l ~ ~ ~ ~: ~I ~, ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ g; ~ g ~ ul ~: <I: ~I '" q ~ ~ ~ ; CD 3 ~ 1; ~
I I ,~~~~~-oJ-oJ_~<l:~:~:~:cl:~~~~~ a.'"
o
"'0
......
......
I
rl~;; I
Ns=nC)
o en r-<
o S "'0 '-< I
V-l v I-j (I.)
iO C)..s. ....,
tr1;1>~;1>
-< ..... n
....... --;1> I
~ ;;Z
o --;1>
Z ?r-<
8~ I
0>-<
tJ
~
o
~ I
~
~ I
'-<
tr1
~ I
"'0
tn
~ I
~
~ I
~
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I I I I I I r I I I I I....,
~ ~;:: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.;j~ ~ ~ _'" ~ ~Jn" ~'"" 1 n. n ~ ~ ~
s ~ 8 ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ ~ ~ ~! ~ ~, ~ ~, ~, ~ 5 ~ ~ ~ i: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. Sc ~ 0 ~ ::
I ~ '~~IVV iCii~cru;j;t;;::~c-
'h
r-
o $:cn"U
"T1<::;,COC;:2
~~~~~~~-~~~I-~~~~ ~~~=;::;
It~i~~~~E~~~~~'~~~~~~~~~~~g~oo~~~~~~~~:g~;3~[~
~. _ ~ V' ex ~ iJ w <li u: ~ ~ ~ _
<:
m
II ;<~~~:
;~;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~5I:
l~g~~~t~~~~~~t'~131~1~~I~I~I~I~~~~~~~~~:~~~~~lg;~~~[~
C
c $:cn"U
_<IllCOC;::2
~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~ ~~~=~-
I~~~~~~~~~~crcrcra- _ _ _ ~~~~~~~~~_~~~~~~~~llc3on~
~~~~~~~~~~~g5~!~~~~~~~~~:~~~~~~~~~~~~~aco3~~~
~v~~-~,~a~~N<!:mw~~,crau-
r
-
:xl $:cn"U
l> < -, co C; u
;~~~~~~~~~~_~~~~~~~~ z~~:;~
~t~~'~:~~s~t:~~~~~~3~~~~;g~~~'~~~'~:~~I~~~t~;3~[~
I j! I ::
I I ..; l>cn'll
~<<:o~
~~~~ ~Ill~ -~
~_.. ~~~~_ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ -c~~~=
~ ~ ~ ~,~~ g ~ J~~"":,:,:: :: ~ ~ iB~ ~~f~ff::J~ ~ "'ll. ['
_I Jl ~ a 0 ./: I\.: ~ C C C: c ~ I\.: ~ -
I' "tl $: cn "U
'<IllCOC;U
~~~~~~~- ~~~~... ~~~:;~
_,~_ _ _I. _... ......1- _ _ ----,~~~~~~~~__>i~~-~~~~~ 2c3on-
va~~:?~;22~22~~~~~~~crgaaa~~~~~~~~~~'~_coc;ro~
~(J'~cao~~~,uw~~,(J'~~~~~~;t~g~~~oc~~~g~l> 3_0.
2
c:
- $:cn"UU
:x < ::;' co C; c
~~~;;1~~~~~~~~-~1--~~~~-~~ ~~~~~~
Igg~~~:~~~~~~~lg1~~~~I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~g~~~~C03~[~
,~_ ~1~~~~C~~~~(J'~OC~oo~crc'
r
;l:
- cn"UeJ
m<~g:oc
I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ _ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ J ~ ~ ~ c: ~ ~ IJl (D' ::
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~!~~(J'~~~a:~:f~~cf~f~S~~~~~i~;;~~~~
1\.:0 01~~-l>~ex,CT.-l>"''''~-_
:x
~ $:cn"UU
C':<IllCOC;c
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ ~ ~ ~ _ ~ _ ~ ~ ~ ~ III ~': en' 3
1~~I~lt~~~~~~~~~~~!~~,~~~~~:~I~~~~i~~5~~~~~ ~~~[~
o
"'0
--
N
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
'-<;1>"TJ;1>
ss=tnc
(1) (JQ ~ 0
Ngnc
OS-"'O(I.)
Ou I-j....,
V-l O..s. ;1>
~;1>an
<: ......;1>
....... ......Z
(I.) OO~
....... ......
o 0
Z b~
8t3
~
o
"'0
o
:E
tn
~
"'0
iO
o
tfj
n
....,
o
"'0
tn
~
>-l
.......
o
Z
(I.)
"'0
r-<
~
J~ I ~ >-l
-< zo:; Q.'l
~ I" I" I ~ ~ <l> ., _ 0-
I" I~ ~ '." I.~ '.~ ." ~ . " I~ ' " ~ ~ '" I~ .~ ." I." .~ ~ I~ '" " I." !' I.~ " I" co ft' ~ :::- ;;-
i~~ III
Ie Ie ~ Z I~ . ~ ~ e e IC e e ole ~ e is c ~ Ie Ie e Ie e e I~ ~ I~ .~ I ~ I~ ~ .., 0..,0 ~
I~ I; I~ ~ I:; ~ I~ I:::; ~ I~ ;;: . ~ ;; :;; I;: ;;: I~ . ~ en -::l
'" I~ C " ~ " " I~ 10 Q I"" " I" I ~ e III
,~ -
i J, J c ~
- s:en"U
~ < 3" co 0 :2 ~ ~ o'
Q,) __ OJ _. _ 0_ ::l
I'" '" :- i '" :- .'" .'" " '" " (.oJ '" " 15-" .'" ." .'" .'" .~ '" '" " " '" .'" ." ~ ." '" " " '" ~ c3~~~ ~ ~ ~
<DC:J-@
lee .~ ~ I~ ~ ~ , .- " .0 '" .~ ~ .;;: ~ ~ <.r ~ ~ ., ."" j, (,; I~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 III CD ~ ;;;
I ;; ;:;; ~ .: ~ ~ ~ :: ~ ~ ~ ~ _a.
" :, I" u ~ "12 " I" c ~ ;:: u 0 1 0: " 10: " ."" C 0 (. " s
II c
- }>cn"U "
;: <<tDo ():) ::l
rr 1>>(01)>-
_..,C/I(l) ():) '"
I" "" !' t !' '." "" I"" "I" " .." " ." I." ~ ." I." ." ~ I" " /" " ." I." " I" " ,." ." I." I." ~ I'" ; c: CJ 0 n t ~
CD to :::s -
I.~ ~ ~ ;; ~ I:' ~ I.c ~I~ ~ 1 ~ .~ ~ I~ ~ " ~ ~ '" .0 I~ ~ 0 10 <., 1<" 0 u ~ : ~ Ig I" <II III <II -
~ ;;, ;;, ~ ;; I~ _ a.
- " " " " .. " r\. <.r '" .t.: '" .. 0 0 " e C. " ~ " " "" u "- " ~ " 0 -
i '!
~en"U g
- ~ ~ ~ E. ~ '" ~;;;
; _ -. U:l CD ~ ~ =~
.. ."" ."" ~."" ."" ."" ."" "" .... ~J~ ."" ." ."" "" "" "" "" ." . '" " " " '" " ." ." ." :- I." ." I.w ." ." I'" 0300:=
~ (t) c :J - CD
!~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I>": " ~ I~ ~ .e ~.~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ;; ~ ;: .- ~ :~ ~ cr 1.0: 3 III CD ~ en
~ g ~ 1 ~ ~ ~I~ ~ ~ I~ ~ I~ _ c. CD
I" ~ " I' u " - I ~ " 0 r\. a ~ o ~ - "" ~ '" , .. I'" ~ "'t
I ~ s:en"U ." ~
< 3" CD 0 U "TICD
~ _en
Q) _. Q) _."0 '" 0 :;
I."" .'" I." I." ." i.'" ." I" " " " I." " ." I." ." ." i.'" ."" ." ~ " I" '" " I" " I" '" I" i" ." I." " I" I." c3~~3 o ~ CD
~ roc=>....(Q
~ I~ ~ ~ ~ Ig ~ a a :...- .- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' 0 0 0 0 ~ ~ ., j, ., ~ ~ I~ ~ ~ t " 3 III CD en ~
~ Z; ~ g ~ ~ :. ~ ~ ~ ~ ; _ c. 0
'" u '" ~ " .... c '" '" - -0 0: 0 0 ~ <.r I" .. " C
~ }>cn"U ;;
0
CD ~ ~ "TI..,
~ < < III 0",
.,CD ~ 01 0" :
_... en m
""I.... "" ..... ."" ..... ."" "" .... I..... ."" ."" "" .. "" ."" ." .'" ."" ." .(.oJ ,;; " " .'" ." .'" '" ." ." ." ." .'" ." ." '" o 01 0 0 : o ~ ::
i CD"'''-" en 0
~I~ ~ ~I~ " ~ ~ ~ ~ 10: ;: ~ e 'c <: ~ ~ "I" ~ ~I~ a ~ ,- ;; ;:: ~ ~ "~ 0'0 ~ ~ 0 0 CD III CD "
~I~ ~ ::: ~ ~ ~I;;: ~ 1 ~ ~ ;:; ~ ~ _a.
.,
clo: a ~ <L - Iii 0 0 I~ u - " " ~ " - 0 <.r v C -
I ~ S:en"U
C < '" co 0 U :; -I
- ro x Ql _."0 0
_ -, (ft m ...,
.......... ."" "" ."" ."" ... Jo "" " " ~ c 300 3 ~ -
"" .... "" "" "" .... "" .. .. ." ."" ."" .Jo ." ."" ." ." "" " " "I" ."1." ." 01
I~ (,;(.. (,; ~ '" :; ~ '" (,; "'>..: " ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ .~ ~ ~ ~~ ~'" ~ ~ ~ .0: :.. <Dc:J(;co
0: ~.~ C- . 3 ~ C.
'N ~ ~ Z; ~ '" 0: ~ ;;: ~ ~ ~ i '" c '" 0: "" NC " ~I~ c ~ '" v '" ~ ;; '" "" c Z; ~ C .'
~ s:en"Uu
~ < _. CD 0 C
~ =. ~ (i). 3
."" ..... ."" ... ."" ..... ." I" " '" ." ," " " I.'" ." " I." ." " : " " " I" " " " ." ~ ~ I" "I" ~ '" I'" c o 300 3
<DC=>-
-;; ;:: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ ~ ~ '~ ~ .~ I:: ;; -- !- ~ ~ ,.~ cr cr ~ .0 00 ~ ~ I.:f' ~I~ t. I~ c 3~~~
~ ~ I~ " .... 0: ' ~ () <i: "" ' " v ~ ... ~ ! c 0: 0 0 ~ ~ '~ g ~ 0: C ~ I"" i~ cl'" ~ ~ Iv -
~
J~~ ~ }> en "U ~
~ < < :;: ;; C
OlCD ~
_ ... (n m
..... ~ .... ."" ." (.oJ '" '" " (.oJ (.oJ '" .'" .'" " '" ." '" '" (.oJ C ~ 0 0
..... ."" .... "" ..... ."" ..... ."" ..... ..... ."" ..... .'" ~ CD"''';.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "r-; ~ ;; ;:: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~t ." aD: Co Co:" , , ._ cr ~ ~~~
~ 0: ~ ~ ;; ~ ~ :;:; ;;; ;;: ~ ~ ~ 4)~a.
'" ~ l.(l , (J1 '" ~ " ~ "'i': '" '" ~ (.oJ .... v ...., 0 '" , a (j ~
: J: ~ S:en"Uu
I < W CD 0 C
~ ~" e: <no 3
.....1."" ... ."" ."" I"" .~ ~ . .... "" I"" "" """ I" ."" ."" I."" "" "" I..... ."" ."" ." .JoI.Jo "" "" ." ." ." ~ ~; o 300 3
CDc:Jm(tl
~I ~ ~ '" " i~ <..: t. .>..: ~ " I~ ~ ~ i ~ "r-;" I ~ ~ -;; ;:: ~I~ cle ~ ~ ~ 3~c.~
"'I - "" ~ ~ :;; ~ ~ ~ I:: = '~ - ~ I~ ~ " 10: g ~ I~ C " 10 "Ie ~I~ a " ' " o 10
o
"'0
......
V-l
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
'-<;1>"TJ;1>
ss=tnc
(1) (JQ ~ a
N~nc
0....."'0(1.)
oP I-j....,
V-l a..s. ;1>
~;1>an
<: ......;1>
....... ......z
~ ~;1>
o or-<
Z b~
0.-<
Ou
~
o
"'0
o
~
~
"'0
iO
o
tI1
n
....,
o
"'0
tn
~
....,
.......
o
z
(I.)
"'0
r-<
~
:> ...,
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ~ zo~ ~
000000000000000000000000000000000000 ro :~~ g
WWWWWWNNNNNNNNNN~~~~~~~~~~OOOOOooooo ~ ~_. n
~~WN~ow~~m~~WN-ow~~m~~WN~owoo~mrn~WN_O ~ ~~~ ~
III
-I
o
II -I $:cn"U :>
I ~<~:~~-~~
r ~ 3" '" co ::;" ~ = ~
w w w wlw w w w w w v.> w w (.oJ W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W <..oJ 0 ~ c g ~ CD ~ Ui a.
wmwoooooo~~~~~mmmmmm~~~~~~~~~~AWWWWWWWN~ 3~~~ ~
~No~~worom~NID~~w-ooom~N-w~mAN_woom~AN_W - m
~WAW~N~mANOWWOOWWO w~~owmoAoowoowooAomww~
o
-I cn"U "
:> ., '"
<<<:0" ~
m~~cnm:;~ (Q
AAAAAAAAAAAwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww~;~~~~- ~
~~~Noo~N~g30~~~~~~~OO~~~~6~~~~~~~~~~~~> ~~~~ _
~~wNNNwAmwN~wAooAomwooom~wwNwwA~~w_wmo~
m
I ;.0
I - S:cn"U g'
I -I<lllmo~ -
...., Q.) >< Q) _. _. U'l ::5: ctJ
;v _ _. (I) (1) =' O'l _. ...,
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwwwwwwwwwwwwwww>~~g~roo=~
wwwwwwwwwww~~~ ~~oooowmwIDoo~oooo~~~~~mmZ 3~~~ ~
~rn~~~~~wWWO~~O~~NIDmwooo~wooornw oom~Nooomoo - ~
w~m~rnw~moom~~owwwo~wmmNm~m~~~~oom~N~~O~
o
;.0
-I $:cn"U :>
m < ::;" co 0 cn ~ :
Q) _.0.)_."0 U1 0'"
o - 3 '" co ~" 0 :::r
~~~wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww ~cg~~ ~~
oDomwwwoooooooo~~~~~mmmmm~~U1U1U1rn~~~~~~www~ 30.)~
~~~~~~~6~~~~~U1~~~~~~~~~~~~g~~~~~~~~~> - n
-I
m ;u
::0 :>en"U Cl>
<<CDO((. "T1~
:r:cu CD CU....."'C-"'C;CD
-<_~UJCD"'O ClJ
~~~A~~~~~~~~~~AA~wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwoc,~o~;o~~
- ctl_:J (0 (/)0
WWWWWWWNNN~ oooomwwwoooooooo~~~~~mmmmm~~ ~~~ :J
~:~6~~~~~~~~~~6~~~~~~~~~m~~~~~~~~~~~o - ~
m
I I r
1m $:cn"U
O<lllmocnl\) -l
-t ~ ~. ~ (D' ~ 0') 0
~AAAAA~~~~A~AAA~AAAAAAA~~AA~Awwwwwww~~~g2~'~ ~
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWNNN-"'~ ooomwwmooooooo 3 III co
~~mmmmU1U1U1rnU1AA~AAWW~OOU1-"'OOU1wo~~~wmw wmA _n
NoooU1w~oomANooomANooomANowwwo-"'wrnoo~U1wAoU1Nc
I 00
m
$:cn"Ucn
)><-cooc
z III ~"Ill_ 3
-3 '" co
AAAAAAAAwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwO~cg~3
N~~-"'OOOowwwoooooooooo~~~~mmmmmU1U1U1U1U1U1~AAAAO 3Q)~~
O~A~OOU1NO~ANW~U1Nooomw ID~U1w-"'w~mANOW~U1~N -
-"'-"'-"'NAmoo~U1wAwU1~~~NommmU1U1U1m~oooN~~OW~-"'U1~
:I:
m
::0 :>~~(J
C<<llloc
cn~~cnro'3
AA~AAA~A~~AAA~AAAAAA~WWWWWwwwwwwwww~m~~~~3
wwwwWWWWWWNNNN~~~oooomIDwwoooooooo~~~~mmmoo m~CD~
U1U1AAAAAWWNwmWO~A OOU1WO~U1NO~U1Nooomw-"'w~U1 _~..,
W~ID~U1w-"'w~mm~w~~w~~~ow~~~om~wm~~woo~mm~
o
I I "
I II I 00 $:cn"Ucn
I <IllCOoc
III x III -" 3
_ _. (f) CD
A ,l::l. A ~ J;:I. _.t:.. _~I'.J>,I_A A .t:.. A A A ~ ~ J::t,. .t. .t. .t;l. A .t;l. ~ .p. .t. J;:I. A .t:a. ~ A ~ ~ W tv W w ~ ~ g ~ 3
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A~~~~~~~~~ 3~~~
ID~~NW~.t.NO~U1W W~~W~IDoomw~owoo~o-"'wmWNm~m
o
"'0
......
~
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
'-<>"TJ>
ss=t'T1c
(1) (JQ ~ a
N~nc
0....."'0(1.)
oP I-j .....,
Wa~.>
~;1>an
s ~~
\fJ oo~
....... ......
o 0
Z b::c:
8tS
25
"'0
o
~
~
"'0
:;d
o
tI3
n
.....,
o
"'0
t'T1
~
o
Z
(I.)
"'0
r-<
~
-~
0'1
o
o
;t>-
o
o
o
CFS
5""
0'1
8
~
o
o
o
.!'>
0'1
o
o
)>
c:
Ci)
c:
en
-i
)>
o
)>
z
)>
r-
:;
)>
-i
m
::u
z
m
m
C
en
I I I I
, I I ,
I I I I
.. ~ ~.OJ _.... _I........ _1......... l-
I I I I
I I I ,
I I I I
I , I ,
..--,----,----,.--- f
o 0 0
o 0 0
I I I I
............... _I...... _'-...... ~
I , I I
I t I I
I I I ,
I , I I
.. .. .. ,.. .. .. -.- .. .. .. r" .. .. .. T
I I I ,
I I I I
f I I I
.... _-+___ _1__" _..........
I , , I
I , , I
I , I I
I I I I
.. .. .. ,-.. .. -,- .. .. .. i .. ... .. T
, I I ,
, I I I
, I I I
__ -+__.. -1- ___..___.
I I I I
I I I ,
I I I I
-~----:..-..-:----t
I , , I
I I I .
I I I I
....... -1-.... -.. --....
, 0 ,
o 0 ,
o 0 0
.. .. -:- .. .. ..:- .. - .. t
o , 0
o , 0
o 0 0
--,----,..---.-
o 0 0
o 0 0
o 0 0
-:----~---}-
o 0 0
---"---f-
, 0
, ,
__1.......1-_
, ,
, ,
, 0
, ,
I"'---r-
, 0
1.___,..
,
r---
o
o
---T-
,
,
o
o
t-
o
f-
o
. -
,
L_
o
,
L_
,
. -
,
,
,-
,
,-
o
, -
T-
o
f-
o
o 0
o 0
o 0
____....___L_
, 0
o 0
, 0
----r---r--
, ,
o ,
____'-___L__
o ,
----r---'--
o ,
o 0
o ,
----..---.--
, , "
o 0 0
o 0 0
o 0 0
......-r---,..--,
o , ,
o 0 ,
o , ,
...........---..---..-
o 0 ,
o , ,
o , ,
----~---t---~-
, 0 0
, 0 0
, 0 0
----..---..---~--
o 0 0
o 0 0
o 0 0
...... -:-......}....... ~....
, 0 0
, 0 0
, 0 0
----r---..---.,--
o 0 ,
o 0 0
, I I 'I
----~---~---~---~
I I I I
I I . I
I I I I
...... -I'" - - - r -- -.,- - - .,-
I , . ,
o 0 0
, , , ,
____L___~___~____._
I . . .
, I . .
, . I I
I . . .
----r - - - r - - -,- -- -.--
I I I I
I I I I
I I I I
__ __~ - __.. __ - ~_ - __I_-
I I I ,
I I , ,
I I I I
I , I ,
---r---r---'----.--
I , , ,
I , , I
I , I ,
o , 0
o , ,
o , ,
o 0 0
- - -r - -- r- - -,- -- -.- ---
o 0 0
, 0 0
o 0 0
I I I I I I I II
<cncncncncncn<<
s ~ ~ ~ u u u S S
~ 3 3 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~333~~~~~
"'O~!l/~"'O"'O"'O"'O"'O
a "'0 "'0"'00 0 0 a a
...... a ~ ~ -..=. ~. ~. .,,;::;,. ~.
~ ~, .Q. .Q. ~ ~ ~ a ~
~I I I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
mcncn~rmrrm
~ i i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
!!!.~ffiffi!!!.!!!.!!!.!!!.!!!.
S:!!!._-S:l>S:S:l>
-. l> III < -. III <
~. s: < s: >< (!) ~. >< (!)
3 ~ 2: -. M 3 -. M
~ -. ~ 3 3 cO ~ 3 Ui
3 3 ~ ~ (!) 3 ~ (!)
~(!)~3< 3<
<33<1ll<<1ll
!!!.<~<!!!.c!!!.IllE
~Ill-!!!.~(!)~C:(!)
(!) - ffi ~ (!) (!) (!)
. ffi (!)
- -,
o
-0-
[
o ,
o 0
l___..I_
o ,
o 0
t---,-
o ,
o ,
o 0
l___..I_
o ,
o ,
, ,
t---'-
, 0
r---j-
o 0
~---...-
o 0
o 0
f--+
o ,
o 0
o ,
f---~-
, 0
t---~-
o 0
r---,-
o 0
1.___..1_
, ,
o 0
, 0
, 0
,---,-
o 0
o 0
o 0
1.___..1_
o 0
o 0
o ,
o 0
,---,-
o 0
, 0
, ,
o 0
T---'---
o 0
o 0
, ,
o ,
___-I____L_
, ,
, ,
o 0
, 0
- - -.,- - --r-
o 0
, 0
, 0
--_...._---~-
, 0
, 0
---...----r-
o ,
o
o 0
_ _ _ ...t__ __1-_
o ,
, 0
---'----1--
o ,
, .
o 0
_ _ _ ...t__ __1-_
o 0
----------
, 0
---...----1--
, 0
, 0
---~----r--
, 0
- - -...- - --~-
o 0
o 0
o 0
---~----~---
o ,
o ,
o ,
- - -.,- - --~-
o ,
, .
---..1----...-
, ,
o 0
---"'1----,..-
o ,
--_..I_---~-
o 0
, 0
---...----r-
, 0
--_..._---~-
o 0
---...----r-
o 0
o
o
- - - ~--
,
---.,--
,
,
---~--
o
o
,
---..,--
___.J__
---'"1--
o
o
___.J__
,
o
---...--
,
,
---..1--
o
o
---...--
---...--
o
o
o
,
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
-<
m
)>
:;u
o
"'0
......
Vl
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
1.4.2 Augusta Water Conservation Plan Summary
In droughts, and depending upon the severity of the drought conditions as defined
by the GEPD, the Augusta Utilities Department implements the following three-phase
plan, subject to approval by the Augusta-Richmond County Commission.
Phase I
Residential and commercial accounts may conduct outdoor watering activities according
to the following schedule:
· Residents and businesses with even numbered addresses may conduct outdoor
watering activities on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays.
· Residents and businesses with odd numbered addresses may conduct outdoor
watering activities on Wednesdays, Fridays and Sundays.
· Monday outdoor watering activities are not permitted.
Phase II
Residential and commercial accounts may conduct outdoor watering activities according
to the following schedule:
· Residents and businesses with even numbered addresses may conduct outdoor
watering activities on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays from 5 AM until 9 AM
and from 5 PM to 9 PM.
. Residents and businesses with odd numbered addresses may conduct outdoor
watering activities on Wednesdays, Fridays and Sundays from 5 AM to 9 AM and
from 5 PM to 9 PM.
. Monday outdoor watering activities are not permitted.
OP15
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUST A CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERA nONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
Phase III
Outdoor watering activities are not permitted.
New Landscape Permit:
New landscaping projects may conduct outdoor watering activities for 30 days
from the date of planting under all three phases of the water conservation plan. A permit
for exemption from outdoor watering restrictions must be obtained from the Augusta
Utilities Department.
1.5 Historical, Aesthetic, Educational and Recreational Augusta Canal Elements
The Augusta Canal and its grounds were designated a National Heritage Area
under Congress' 1996 Omnibus Parks and Public Lands Management Act. Since then,
the Augusta Canal Authority has partnered with the National Park Service to implement
the Augusta Canal Master Plan. This plan seeks to preserve and promote the Augusta
Canal as a resource for historical and cultural awareness and recreational opportunities,
. while advancing its utilization as a hydropower project. The Augusta Canal Authority
describes the Augusta Canal National Heritage Area in terms of three sections, including
Upper, Middle and Urban Reaches as follows:
1.5.1 1.5.1 Upper Reach Augusta Canal National Heritage Area
The Upper Reach is very much preserved in its historical setting, consistent with
the Augusta Canal Authority's emphasis on conservation, preservation and passive
recreation in this area. Upper Reach features include the Petersburg Boat Layover Area,
the Historic Picnic Area, and the Lock and Dam.
OP16
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
The Augusta Canal Master Plan identifies projects recommended for each reach.
Current Upper Reach projects under construction for the Augusta Canal include
architectural improvement of the Gatehouse, situating visitor center facilities inside the
Lock Keepers Cottage and a Towpath Bikeway. Future Upper Reach projects include
restoring and reopening the Headgates and Locks and providing a Canoe Launch for
accessing the Augusta Shoals from the Augusta Diversion Dam.
Stalling's Island, located just upstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam, is among
the most important southeastern United States shell mound sites. Archeological
exploration of this island has provided information about ancient American Indians that
lived in the Sa"annah River basin area. Stalling's Island is now owned by The
Archeological Conservancy. Stevens Creek Dam marks the most upstream Augusta
Canal National Heritage Area boundary and the beginning of the pool formed by the
Augusta Diversion Dam.
1.5.2 Middle Reach Augusta Canal National Heritage Area:
The Middle Reach offers a tremendous resource for recreation and outdoor
learning. Current Middle Reach projects include a new parking area and signage for
Eisenhower Park, which otherwise consists of several ball fields and a concession stand.
Revitalization of Lake Olmstead Park, which adjoins the Canal, is ongoing. New
Towpath Bikeway bridges are planned and a safety railing has been added to the bridge
over the Long Gate Spillway. Future Middle Reach projects include an Ecology
Discovery Center, the Raw Water Pumping Station, a Public Works Interpretative Center,
and a feasibility study for providing a Spillway Kayak Course.
OP17
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
1.5.3 Urban Reach Augusta Canal National Heritage Area
The Augusta Canal Authority emphasizes economic, historic and neighborhood
development interests in this area. The Urban Reach has three sections, including the
Sibley/King Harrisburg Area, the Enterprise Mill Area and the Laney-Walker
Third-Level Canal Area. Sibley/King Harrisburg Area features include the Confederate
Powder Works, the Historic Mill Village and the Ezekiel Harris House Historic Setting
Restoration. The Enterprise Mill Area features include a Visitor Center, Hydropower
Plaza and a Petersburg Boat Yard.
Major redevelopment is ongoing along the Augusta Canal. Proposed features in
the Laney-Walker Third-Level Canal Area include the Gasworks Discovery Center and
City Farm Interpretive Site. Among Augusta Canal Authority initiatives in this area,
revitalization of the historic Laney-Walker Neighborhood is paramount. Other projects
ongoing within the Urban Reach include reclamation of a former manufactured gas site
and further revitalization of the Enterprise Mill. Formulation of a Chaffee Park Master
Plan is underway. Future Urban Reach projects include additional economic
development activities, 15th Street and Saint Sebastian Way corridor improvements and a
feasibility study for providing a Downtown Kayak Course, in lieu of the Long Gate
Spillway Kayak Run.
OP18
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
2 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND MAINTENANCE
2.1 Accident Prevention
Everyone involved in operating and maintaining the Raw Water Pumping Station
must be aware of occupational hazards and know associated safety procedures, The
following articles describe accident prevention fundamentals observed by Raw Water
Pumping Station employees. The Maintenance Foreman conducts routine safety
meetings. These meetings examine accidents involving Raw Water Pumping Station
employees and discuss related safety practices. Discussing related safety practices calls
attention to dangers associated with Raw Water Pumping Station duties and identifies
precautionary measures for preventing accidents. However, safety practices cannot
prevent all accidents. Therefore, use of care and sound judgment is the responsibility of
every employee. Following each safety meeting, the Raw Water Pumping Station
Superintendent completes a Safety Meeting Report,
2.1.1 Potentially Hazardous Aspects of Raw Water Pumping Station Operations
and Routine Precautions Against Accidents
Hazards:
· Working around machinery that has rotating members, such as wheeled
vehicles, turbines and pump shafts.
. Operating heavy machinery.
. Working near door openings.
. Working above ground.
. Working in recessed areas.
. Working in or around swiftly moving water.
. Working in wet areas.
. Working around electrical equipment
. Operating controls.
. Working around or removing oil spills.
OP19
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 1] 810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
Routine Precautions Against Accidents:
1. Care in the use of cleaning solvents
2. Pumps or turbines are not ordinarily adjusted or lubricated while in use. If it is
necessary to adjust or lubricate a pump or turbine while it is in use, then care must
be taken to avoid contact with moving parts. .
3. Personnel performing maintenance or repair work at the Raw Water Pumping
Station must wear the following articles of protective clothing.
a. Work gloves
b. Lower back supports during heavy lifting operations.
c, Hardhats
d. Safety glasses
e. Hip boots when working on turbines.
f. Ear plugs
4. Extreme caution must be exercised when performing checks using an electrical
probe or a voltage meter.
5. Any injury that produces an open wound must be treated by disinfecting affected
areas with approved antibacterial agents.
6. Any eye contact with foreign materials must be treated using eyewash. Two
eyewash stations are on Raw Water Pumping Station premises. These stations are
maintained in proper working order always, and they are inspected weekly.
7. All walkways, hallways, open floor areas, stairways and catwalks must be kept
clear of obstructions.
8. Recessed areas, open pits and flooring voids must be watched carefully, and
marked with caution tape or warning signs.
9. Spills of any liquid or solid material must be cleaned up promptly.
10. All Raw Water Pumping Station equipment or tools must be stored in its proper
place when not in use.
11. Only authorized personnel may operate the Raw Water Pumping Station.
Personnel shall be assigned or authorized to operate the Raw Water Pumping
Station by its Superintendent or Assistant Superintendent. The following
guidelines apply.
a. Only essential personnel shall be permitted in work areas. Restrictions on
who may enter a work area are posted.
b. Personnel must be fully trained before operating any Raw Water Pumping
Station equipment.
c. Only authorized persons may enter Raw Water Pumping Station grounds.
2.1.2 Cleaning Maintenance for a Safe Work Place
Raw Water Pumping Station premises, including all vehicles, must be maintained
in a clean, orderly condition. Each shift conducts housekeeping operations as scheduled
OP20
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
by the Assistant Superintendent. Cleaning details are performed thoroughly to maintain
the Raw Water Pumping Station in presentable, sanitary condition.
2.1.3 Training for Safety
New employee training requires viewing videotapes and receiving personal
instruction.
2.1.4 Physical Security
Surveillance cameras are located in I) the Operator's office; 2) units four and five
pump houses; and 3) the Garage. Doors to rooms or areas not presently in use must be
locked. Tools that could be easily stolen must be stored in secured areas, The keys to all
doors, and other locks, are required to be kept in the Raw Water Pumping Station
Superintendent's office under video camera surveillance.
OP21
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERA nONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
3 RECORDS AND REPORTS
3.1 Records and Reports
All handwritten records must be printed clearly for easy legibility. Each record is
placed inside a filing folder named by record-type, as shown in Table 3.1.
3.2
Types of Records and Reports (See Section 5 for definitions)
I
Daily Augusta Shoals average flow rate
A.
Augusta Declaration (adjusted SEP A).....................
cfs
B.
measured average daily Augusta Canal flow rate ==
average of daily I5-minute readings of Augusta Gauge
no. 1..............
cfs
II Flow Uses
ACA Flows
Recreational Flows
1. Long Gate Spillway/Downtown Kayak Run (100 cfs)
2. Aesthetic and Flushing Water Flows (50 cfs)
Augusta Gauge R WPS Flows
Unit Number 1 (550 cfs)
Unit Number 2 (250 cfs)
Unit Number 3 (250 cfs)
Unit Number 4 (814 cfs)
Unit Number 9 (814 cfs)
OP22
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
Unit Number 10 (814 cfs)
Raw water pumped (93 cfs)
ACHP Flows
A. 1 Sibley Mill
Generator NO.1 (255 cfs)
Generator No.2 (306 cfs)
Generator No.3 (374 cfs)
2 King Mill
Generator No.1 (588 cfs)
Generator No.2 (294 cfs)
3 Enterprise Mill
Generator No.1 (280 cfs)
Generator No.2 (280 cfs)
III ACHP FERC Water Usage Reports - Posted from Daily Monitor Logs
A. Sibley Mill
B. King Mill
C. Enterprise Mill
IV Augusta Water Usage Reports - Posted from Daily Monitor Logs
A. Unit Number 10
1. Turbine Flow (Estimated)
2. Volume of Raw Water Delivered
(Metered)
B. Unit Number 9
1. Turbine Flow (Estimated)
2. Volume of Raw Water Delivered
(Metered)
C. Unit Number 4
OP23
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
1. Turbine Flow (Calculated)
2. Volume of Raw Water Delivered
(Metered)
D. Unit Number 3
1. Turbine Flow (Calculated)
2. Volume of Raw Water Delivered
(Metered)
E. Unit Number 2, Turbine Flow
1. Turbine Flow (Calculated)
2. Volume of Raw Water Delivered
(Metered)
F. Unit Number 1
1. Turbine Flow (Calculated)
2. Volume of Raw Water Delivered
(Metered)
V ACA Water Usage Reports
A. Recreational Flows
2. Long Gate Spillway Downstream Kayak Run
B. Aesthetic Flows
1. Second & Third Level Canals
a. Flow diverted through Weigles Gate
b. Flow diverted through 13th Street Headgates
And the following types of records:
VI Pump Inspection/Maintenance Report- Posted from Daily Monitor Logs
VII Payroll Reports
OP24
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERA nONS PLAN.
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
VIII Supply Requisitions
IX Safety Meeting Reports
X Incident Reports
XI Vehicle Maintenance Reports
XII Budget
XIII Specifications Sheets
OP25
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
4 FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS
4.1 Daily Operation
The Raw Water Pumping Station operates every day, including holidays,
throughout the year. The RWPS operates 24 hours a day, in three eight-hour shifts.
4.2 Personnel
Currently, the Raw Water Pumping Station has a staff of thirteen. Staffed
positions include a superintendent, assistant superintendent, clerk, maintenance foreman
and nine operators. Operators arrive for work ten minutes before their shift begins. This
time is allocated for briefing incoming personnel of ongoing operations.
4.3 Raw Water Pumping Station
Raw water enters the Raw Water Pumping Station from the Canal via intake
structures installed in the riverside Augusta Canal bank. From these intakes, raw water
passes into flumes leading to turbines. These turbines operate pumps that lift raw water
through mains to reservoirs at the Highland Avenue Water Filtration Plant. Here, raw
water is filtered and further processed to produce potable water.
Existing Raw Water Pumping Station facilities have five pumps, including four
hydro-mechanical powered pumps and one diesel engine operated pump. The proposed
facilities have five new pumps, including two hydro-mechanical powered pumps and
three diesel engine operated pumps. Existing and proposed pumps of the Raw Water
Pumping Station and their specifications are listed in Table 4.1.
OP26
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERA nONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
4.3.1 Normal Operation
Raw Water Pumping Station operations use hydro-mechanical powered pumps to
transport raw water from the Augusta Canal to the HigWand A venue Filtration Plant.
As shown in Table 4.1, the existing hydro-mechanical power pumps include unit
numbers one (1) thru four (4). Proposed hydro-mechanical power pumps include unit
numbers nine (9) and ten (10). (Units 5-8 are diesel powered, as discussed in Section
4.3.2, below.) E~isting primary and secondary pumps include unit numbers 4 and 1,
respectively. In general, "primary" pumps are preferred units, because they are newer
and have the greatest capacity to deliver raw water for processing. For example, primary
pump number 4 can deliver raw water for processing to the Highland Avenue Filtration
Plant at a rate of approximately 30 million gallons per day (mgd). Pump number 1, the
current secondary unit, can deliver approximately 20 mgd. Each of the existing unit
numbers 2 and 3 each has an approximate capacity of 9 mgd and both are considered
backup pumps. Each of the proposed unit numbers 9 and 10 has a capacity equivalent to
the existing primary unit number 4 (30 mgd each). The proposed unit nwnbers 9 and 10
will replace existing units numbers 4 and 1 as the primary and secondary pumps. At that
time, existing pumps unit numbers 4 and 1 will be relegated to back-up status, and units 2
and 3 will be maintained as historical units.
OP27
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
;.oj
~
0-
;;-
of--
.....
>
=
(JCI
=
'"
.....
:
C')
>
~
~
~
~
~
.....
('l>
.,
"'0
=
8
"0
'"
Ro
>
(j
:::
""C
""C
.,
o
....
('l>
n
.....
'"
8ZdO
-ls:m^(J) > )>s::s::-occcccccccc::o>
9. III 3. ::J 0'"" .S; III IllX 9. :!, ::J :!, :!. :!. :!. ::J :!, ::J:!. r:; =
w x ro ~ - \1 ~ X ro - ~ ~ - - - - - - - <
- 3' i3 s:!;g:I: 5i 3 3' ::J ..... N W .l>o 0'1 0) --J co CD..... <. (JCI
)> C::J ::;::p ~ Ill- c: C g--------- 0 Ill<~
::J 3 Ifl'::" 3 3 _ N (!) CD W N N NNW ~ ..... .....
::J ro. "tl () <033000000W Ill~
5i~ 11. d 1ll~~<3lClC3333330....
- III s: !:!! 11 ..... ::J III III !!!. lC a. a. lC lC lC lC lC lC 3 'tl
-0-. .;vm~ !!1..--roa."-""-"a.a.a.a.a.a.lC I:
-,CD n::u::;. CDCD-,...........mm--------o. 3
0'11 () ~ ~" < m x x m m -0 -0 -0 -0 "-"
a. 0 m -0 ro 0 < 5 X -, -, x X" ..., ..., ..., ..., -0 '0
I: -, ;;0 0 -0 III -. 5 ;:;. -, ~ ~ -. -. 0 0 0 0..., VI
a ~ () ~ 0 ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
o ~ -0 n ~' N ~ a. ~ ::J lC lC ::J ::J Ifl Ifl Ifl Ifl 0
::J ro ..., - n 0 ro ~ < lC lC lC ro ro ro ro If>
a. 0 Z - ..... a. :E ~ a. a. a. a. ro
=t ro' 0 z ~ ~ Q) ~ __ .-. __ __ Cl.
on' 0 0 - N N N N ~
3 - ~ ~ 3 g g g g ~
- ~ co Q W W W W .....
~. C))l: -----~
)> ~
() W
0'1
~ ~ ~ ~~dl ~ ~ ~ ~ 9 9 9 9 ~ ~ ~ dl
-Q)..... CD (t) CD CD - .....
a. co If> If> If> If> III
::J !l!.. !l!.. !l!.. !l!.. ::J
..... .....
~ ~
N 0'1 co ..... ~11-l..... 0'1 N N co 0 0 0 0 co co ~ -l
. 0) co 0-1: - 0'10'10'1..... .......... 0 I:
~ 0..... ~ iii'~a- ~ 000.:0. .l>o.:o. iii' a-
0'1 .:0. - -. co - _.
::J ::J
ro ro
.......!'J.N~()5' ......--J--JNNNNNNN~'tl (")
N 0 .l>o .c:;;{l VI 0) g: g: tn 0 0 0 0 tn tn :ij 0 III
gg:;:rJ'::'lllS' g: 0000000_'0
0= 00000000
-'Ill VI
~a. III
a.
en ()) (X) -o~o 01 a 01 W 01 ~ -l. ~ en ~-o
o 0 0 e;::: 3' '0 0'1 :-":-":-" 0'1 0'1 e;:::
-Ill III N N N III
iil 0'1 0'1 0'1 iil
..... .....
~ ~
lC lC
.l>o co.......... ~'tl)> ..... ...... co ~ -<
o ..:o..l>o --J ^....:l 0) 0'1. s: III
..... ..... W W :EO:l .0) co ~ G) III
N 00).:0. )(g.1: t tv W ....
...... 0) 0'1 .....~~ 0 ~ ~
0- N
~g 0
Q Q Q m m m m m m -0 -0 -0 -0 -0
o 0 o.c ~, ~, ~, ~, ~, 0 0 0 0 0
000 I: If> If> If> If> If> 'C 'C 'C 'C 'C
a..a..a. '0 5'5'5'5'5'5:5:5:5:5:
000 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ro ro ro ro ro
~ ~ ~ ~ Q -0 11 Q Q ~ a. ~ ~ ~
~ i i roO ~ 0 0 N N N N N
~ ~ - (") ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ g g g g ~
::J::J::J 0 . I WWWWO'1
lC lC lC:l -0 ;!; iii' -0 -0 - ...
~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
eo 0 Q ~, 0 ^ III III III --i 0
g ::J ~ g ::J ~ ~ ~ ~ c c
- ;;o!!1... ;;oce.cacaca~~
~ ~ Z ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ CD CD m CD ~ ~ ~ ~
lC <!roa.<CD'"
III .ro 5r1f>!D <
~ ;0 ~ ~ ~
o CD ::r -.lo. ;::;:-
W~~O'1'
0'"
I
I
I
toOz dUn[
I 'tqsn~nv
fOld :JlI3.d
.LSnanV
NOnSIi\
000-0
NVld SNOI.LV1I3.dO .L:J3.fO(ld (l3.A\OdOlIOAH 1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
4.3.2 Reserve Operations
Reserve operations involve using diesel engine driven pumps in lieu of turbine
driven pumps for withdrawing raw water from the Augusta Canal or the Savannah River.
Reserve operation is used when hydro-mechanical power is unavailable or when
supplementation to hydro-mechanical powered pump capacity is needed. Hydro-
mechanical power may be unavailable in times of low-flow conditions, during which
turbine motive water shortages may exist; or as a result of inundation by flooding, in
which case insufficient elevation head is available for operating turbines. Further,
Augusta has no existing or proposed hydro-mechanical powered facility for pumping raw
water directly from the Savannah River. Therefore, any situation that prevents
withdrawing water from the Augusta Canal, such as canal contamination, necessarily
requires reserve-type operation. Existing unit number 5 and proposed unit numbers 6, 7
and 8 provide reserve pumping capacity.
4.4 Flood Control Devices
Refer to Figure 4.1 of Exhibit F for a map showing the locations of Augusta Canal
flood control devices. These devices are described below:
4.4.1 Long Gate Spillway
The Long Gate Spillway is located on Goodrich Street Extension approximately
0.93 miles downstream from the Augusta Raw Water Pumping Station. This spillway's
length is 348 ft. It has sluice gates consisting of three 4.5 x 5 ft. culverts. These gates
are manually operated. They serve to drain excess Augusta Canal flow to Rae's Creek,
which flows to the Savannah River. Flow passage over this spillway, rather than through
OP29
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
its gates, provides unattended flooding protection. Its relief capacity in this respect is
approximately 1,000 cfs. When the spillway's three sluice gates are fully open, they can
pass flow at a cumulative rate of approximately 500 cfs from the Augusta Canal to Rae's
Creek.
4.4.2 Tin House Gates
The Tin House Gates are located just south ofthe Long Gate Spillway, on
Goodrich Street Extension, approximately 1.26 miles downstream from the Augusta Raw
Water Pumping Station. A green colored tin shed situated about ten feet above Goodrich
Street Extension houses two 5.5 x 5.5 ft, manually operated sluice gates. These gates
supplement the Long Gate Spillway's capacity for discharging flow from the Augusta
Canal to Rae's Creek. The gates have an approximate cumulative capacity to discharge
another 500 cfs from the Augusta Canal to Rae's Creek.
4.4.3 Bulkhead Gates
The Bulkhead Gates are located approximately 1.30 miles downstream from the
Augusta Raw Water Pumping Station. They are accessible from Goodrich Street
Extension. These gates consist of eighteen steel slide-type gates and a single 14 ft.-lOin.
wide steel slide-type navigation gate. They are manually operated by lift mechanisms,
which are accessible from a walkway over these gates' housing structure. The Bulkhead
Gates serve primarily for controlling Augusta Canal water levels downstream of Lake
Olmstead, where the Canal bank is elevated as a flood control system. Additionally, the
Bulkhead Gates serve for emptying the Augusta Canal downstream, which facilitates
OP30
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
periodic cleaning and maintenance of the Mills' intake structures as well as removal of
settled debris from the first-level Augusta Canal basin downstream of these gates.
4.4.4 Weigle's Gate
Weigle's Gate is located approximately 2.35 miles downstream from the Augusta
Raw Water Pumping Station, and can be accessed from Broad Street, near King Mill.
Weigle's Gate is a single 3.5 x 5.0 ft. electrically operated steel roller gate. This gate
discharges flow from the first to the third level of the Augusta Canal. Its approximate
discharge capacity is 150 cfs.
4.4.5 Thirteenth Street Gates
The Thirteenth Street Headgates are located 3.2 miles downstream of the Augusta
Raw Water Pumping Station and are accessible from the intersection of Walton Way and
Thirteenth Street. These. gates mark the end of the first level of the Augusta Canal. They
consist of five 4.5 x 5 ft. sluice gates, which are manually operated. These gates help to
maintain first level Augusta Canal flow levels by discharging excess flow to the second
level Augusta Canal, which is now a small culvert. The Thirteenth Street Headgates'
approximate discharge capacity is 900 cfs, but the downstream culverts cannot handle
that much flow. The practical limit of this relief is estimated at 400 cfs.
4.4.6 Twelfth Street Gates
The Twelfth Street Gates can be accessed from the Twelfth Street parking area of
the John Davidson Fine Arts School. These four gates control the flow through the third
level of the Augusta Canal.
OP31
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
4.4.7 Hawk's Gully Discharge
Hawk's Gully is accessible from the intersection ofPifteenth Street and River
Watch Parkway. It has ten gates for discharging the first, second and third levels (all
levels) of the Augusta Canal to the Savannah River.
4.5 Contracted Water Supplies
The Sibley, King, and Enterprise Mills are independently licensed FERC
hydroelectric projects. These mills contract with Augusta for water from the Augusta
Canal. Sibley Mill's levee gate maintenance is the responsibility of Augusta. The
Augusta Canal Authority operates and maintains King Mill's levee gates. Individual
project specifications are listed in Table 4.1.
4.5.1 Sibley Mill, FERC License Number 5044, GA
Among ACHP hydroelectric projects, Sibley Mill has the greatest capacity to
generate electricity. Its rated capacity is 2,200 KW. Sibley Mill uses a maximum of
1,024 cfs delivered through a sluice intake. The water is discharged to the Savannah
River through its tailrace.
4.5.2 King Mill, FERC License Number 9988, GA
King Mill has three generators installed with a total capacity of 2,050 KW. King
Mill uses a maximum of 881 cfs delivered through a sluice intake. The water is
discharged to the Savannah River through its tailrace,
4.5.3 Enterprise Mill, FERC License Number 2935, GA
Enterprise Mill has two generators installed with a total capacity of 1200 KW.
Enterprise Mill uses a maximum of 560 cfs delivered through a penstock intake. The
OP32
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
water is discharged through its tailrace via the third level of the Canal to the Savannah
River.
4.6 Other Water Uses
Existing and proposed Augusta Canal water usages are listed in Table 4.1.
4.6.1 Recreational Flows
The Augusta Canal Authority plans to utilize the Long Gate Spillway as part of a
kayak course that will end at the confluence of Rae's Creek and the Savannah River.
Augusta Canal Authority personnel will operate the gates to this course, which will have
an approximate discharge capacity of 100 cfs.
4.6.2 Aesthetic Flows
One objective of the Augusta Canal Authority's Augusta Canal Master Plan is
revitalization ofthe Enterprise Mill and Downtown areas, including the Laney-Walker
neighborhood. Realizing this objective will involve renovating the second and third
levels of the Augusta Canal and reestablishing consistent minimum flushing flows
therein. A sustained flow of approximately 50 cfs will be necessary in the second and
third level canals to maintain acceptable conditions in those areas. This flow will be
diverted to the second and third level of the Canal through the Thirteenth Street
Headgate, which the Augusta Raw Water Pumping Station will continue to operate.
OP33
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
5 FLOW MANAGEMENT PLAN
5.1 Introduction
Augusta operates the Augusta Canal to provide raw water to its water system,
power for its Raw Water Pumping Station, power to the three FERC Licensed
hydroelectric projects, and for other purposes as determined by the Augusta-Richmond
County Commission. Augusta recognizes the importance of maintaining adequate flow
in the Augusta shoals for migration of fishes, fish spawning and rearing activities, and
recreational uses. However, the needs of the existing and historical Canal users are very
important as well.
Augusta Canal hydroelectric power users provide employment to area citizens,
contribute to the tax base, support the historical, cultural and recreational activities of the
Augusta Canal Authority, and provide many other economic benefits to the region. The
Augusta Canal Heritage Area is one of a very few Congressionally designated National
Heritage Areas and the viability of the Canal system is critical to that status. The
Augusta Canal, the three FERC licensed hydropower projects, and the Augusta Raw
Water Pumping Station are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The
continued use of the Raw Water Pumping Station for over one hundred years and the
continued use of hydropower by the Mills since their construction are important
characteristics in a cultural resource setting. The Augusta Canal Master Plan envisions
the continued use of these resources for the benefit of the Region.
Augusta does not propose construction of any new hydroelectric facilities on the
Augusta Canal. Augusta proposes to continue using the Augusta Canal for hydro-
OP34
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
mechanical powered water pumping, within the limit specified by its State issued water
withdrawal penn it, which is presently less than the existing installed capacity of the
hydro-mechanical pumping system. These commitments and the flow management
protocols proposed in this Operations Plan will preserve the levels of flow in the bypass
reach and maintain the excellent conditions currently found in that section of the
Savannah River.
The ECS report, A Survey of Adult Fish and lchthyoplankton of the Savannah
River and Augusta Canal in the Vicinity of a Proposed Hydroelectric Plant, Oct, 1984,
describes the condition of the Savannah River and its fish populations under the historical
flows that occurred at that time ancl. continue to occur in the Savannah River shoals and
Augusta Canal. The Plan of Study and execution of that work was done with the
guidance and concurrence of all state and federal fisheries resource agencies and in the
context of Augusta's previous FERC license application. Neither the flow conditions nor
any other significant factor has changed since that work was conducted that would
invalidate the observations reported by the study. Studies such as this are used to
establish license conditions for periods of up to fifty years.
Augusta's plan for maintaining bypass flow rate duration is based on the ECS
report and extensive additional studies that it has conducted for the purpose of
determining the requirements for flow durations in the shoals that would adequately
. protect the natural resources. These studies were also prepared with the concurrence of
state and federal agencies charged with fisheries and environmental responsibilities.
OP35
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
These agencies have requested that Augusta prepare a document detailing its plan for
operation of the Augusta Canal. This document presents that plan.
An overriding consideration in developing any operations plan is the reality that
the Augusta Canal is a long open body of water, bordered by residential and commercial
development, with a very limited capacity to store excess flows, These factors create
both a potential for destructive flooding and a need to maintain flows for flushing and
aesthetic purposes. Water flows in the Canal cannot be modified quickly in the way that
other hydropower projects may be able to do. That is because the Augusta Diversion
Dam has no storage capability, and the Canal must maintain a balance between the water
inflow and the summation of all outflows, This is an extremely difficult balance to
maintain. Sudden opening of the head gates can create a wave that can cause serious
flooding downstream along the Canal's path, which terminates in the center of Augusta's
business and medical district. The balance can be achieved when flow conditions can be
kept steadily even. Because the Augusta Diversion Dam is a broad crested weir over
1600 ft. long, a drastic change in the flow entering the shoals makes for little change in
water surface elevation. The same change in water surface elevation barely affects the
rate of flow entering the Canal head gate. Consequently, and historically, the operation
has been marked with very consistent flow patterns.
5.2 Description of proposed Operations Plan:
Augusta has no control over water flows in the Savannah River above the
Augusta Diversion Dam. Other entities control that flow. Three major Corps of
Engineers dams on the Savannah River, at the Thurmond, Russell and Hartwell
OP36
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
Reservoirs, control releases to the river from Thurmond Reservoir (Clark's Hill Dam).
Those releases take place in a manner that maximizes peaking power from those
reservoirs. The power generation pattern results in periods of both large water releases
(up to 30,000 cfs) and periods of minimal or no release, all within anyone-day time
period.
This flow is received by the South Carolina Electric & Gas Company (SCE&G)
Stevens Creek Reservoir, which is required by FERC to regulate its discharge to within
15% of the Thurmond daily average release, as measured at the downstream USGS
Butler Creek gauge. SCE&G's FERC license contains six exceptions to that requirement,
however. They are:
1. Corps of Engineers departure from scheduled (declared) Thurmond releases by
more than 500 cfs.
2. Emergency Plant shutdowns
3. Flashboard tripping
4. Plant and reservoir maintenance
5. Studies and investigations
6. Recreational events.
If any of the aforementioned conditions cause a reduction in the scheduled flow,
the result is a reduction of the water that actually flows to the Augusta Diversion Dam as
compared to the expected flows. If there is not enough water to satisfy the flow
allocation to the canal users and the shoals, this may result in a reduced flow in the
shoals. On the other hand, any exceedance in the scheduled flow will be conveyed to the
OP37
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
shoals because of the physical peculiarities of the Canal's operation as described above.
Augusta will use its Operation Plan protocol regardless of whether upstream users meet
their FERC goals or whether the SEP A Thurmond daily declaration is actually achieved.
Augusta proposes to meet the target allocation of flow diverted into the Augusta Canal
not to exceed 5% over the target detemlined by the proposed protocol (see Section 5.3.3).
The water flow that approaches the Augusta Diversion Dam is composed of two
parts:
1. Flows released by the Corps of Engineers' Thurmond (Clark's Hill) Dam, and
2. Water flow from tributaries between the Thurmond project and the Augusta
Diversion Dam.
Flows released by the Thurmond project are scheduled by SEP A and declared for
each day. The amount of water that reaches the Augusta Diversion Dam also includes
inflow from tributary areas. SCE&G's upstream dam re-regulates portions of these flows
above the SCE&G dam. Augusta proposes to determine the amount of average daily
inflow based on historical averages. Flows from Thurmond vary from natural flows,
lower December through April because of reservoir filling, and higher May through
November because of reservoir emptying. Although average inflow between Thurmond
and Augusta Diversion Dam is 16% of the water naturally reaching Thurmond Dam, this
natural amount must be adjusted to make up for the filling and emptying cycles. Based
on flow records the amount of water retained in winter and extra spilled the rest of the
year can be determined. These differences are added to the Thurmond declaration to
determine the natural flow. 16% of that natural flow is the amount of inflow to be added
OP38
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
I
to the daily SEP A Declaration to determine the flow reaching Augusta Diversion Dam.
I
The adjustment is presented in the following:
I
Adjustment to SEPA Declaration to reflect the inflow above the Augusta Diversion Dam
All data based on Thurmond Web Site information
OAOQ= Flow ABOVE Augusta Diversion Dam
Or=SEPA Flow Declaration
Link to Thurmond data, (oupy.Melljlaslll$.usace.army.mil/cf/PLOTTER.cfm?project=Thurmond
Basis for adjustment is as follows:
NOTE: The average condition at Thurmond (see link) reports a
constant pattern of filling and decanting the reservoir. During the
first six months of the year, the reservoir levels rise, thus, less
water is being released than Nature's contribution, The pattern is
reversed for the last six month of the year as evidenced by the
decreasing lake levels. The filling and decanting rates are fairly
steady as evidenced by the slope of the lake level curve.
Additional flow entering the river system below Thurmond dam is
not retained and is contributed to the total flow rate as Nature
contributes it.
I
Drainage Basin
Above:
6144
7150
I
Thurmond
Augusta DD
I
THURMOND (1954-2002)
o (delta 0)
I
ecem r
January 1648
February 1670
March 1677
April 478
May -41
June -447
July -658
August -997
September -1418
October -1307
November -612
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The flow at any point below Thurmond is proportional to the ration
of drainage basin above the point to the drainage basin above
Thurmond (As most areas above Butler Ck are in the Piedmont,
we recognize the steeper mountain areas have a larger yield due
to slopes and increased rainfall)
I
I
I
Percent
Increase
from
Thurmond
0.0%
16.4%
Flow Declaratloin at ADD Based on
Thunnond SEPA Declaration
Where N=Thurmond release proportionate
to Nature's contribution
Where 0 = (see note below)
Or=SEPA Flow Declaration = N + 0
N = OT + 0
Adjustment = N x 0.164
Adjustment = (0 T + D) x 0.164
OADo= Flow ABOVE Augusta Diversion Dam
IQ,DD= Q+ 0.164 X T -:- 0)
(W
NOTE: 0 (delta Q) is the difference between Nature's
contribution to Thurmond and the Release at
Thurmond. It can be a positive number (reflecting
filling of the lake) or it can be a negative number
(reflecting emptying of the lake)
OP39
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
This adjustment is added to the Thurmond declaration to generate the Augusta
Declaration, which is used to allocate flows. From that declaration, Augusta will reserve the
Aquatic Base Flows, as described in this Operations Plan (see Section 5.3, below), for the
shoals.
Augusta proposes to use a 60-day running count to document compliance with the
priority reservation of Aquatic Base Flows for the shoals. The number of days that the
Aquatic Base Flows are actually reserved must equal or exceed 85% of the days within any
consecutive sixty-day period. The 15% of the time when Augusta may not reserve the
Aquatic Base Flows, it will reserve a lesser amount which will be no smaller than 500 cfs less
than the Aquatic Base Flows. The 85% frequency target does not apply, however, in USACE
drought Level 3, Under such drought condition, Augusta will, at a minimum, reserve the
drought adjusted Aquatic Base Flows 100% of the time.
For example, for an Aquatic Base Flow of2000 cfs, Augusta would reserve 2000 cfs a
minimum of 85% of any running 60-day period (51 days) and at least 1500 cfs the remaining
15% of those days (9 days), all based on a 60-day running count. Thus, for any consecutive
sixty day period when the Aquatic Base Flow was 2000 cfs, the reserve would be at least
2000 cfs for at least 5] days and at least 1500 cfs for the remaining nine or fewer days. Under
drought conditions, however, Augusta would reserve at least the reduced drought tier Aquatic
Base Flow amount every day during the drought. (See Exhibit E of the Revised License
Application. )
Once the Augusta Declaration is known, flows are first reserved for the shoals, as
described above, and then the water available for Canal uses is allocated among its various
users, up to the full amoUnt of their desired or contracted supplies, on the basis of a protocol
OP40
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
developed by Augusta in consultation with the other users. For a great majority of the time,
more water will be available than the users of the canal need. All remaining water must by
necessity be directed to the shoals. The actual number of days that the flows in the shoals
have historically exceeded the Aquatic Base Flows can be computed from the information
provided in the Technical Memorandum for Aquatic Base Flows (Appendix S-14 to this
Application).
Augusta will then operate the head gates to allow the amount of water allocated to the
users to flow into the Canal. Augusta will monitor, record and operate the Canal to insure that
the amount of water diverted into the Canal does not exceed 5% over the target determined by
the proposed protocol (see Section 5.3.3).
5.3 Definition of Terms: Plan Components
5.3.1 User Flow Rates
Flow rates allocated for individual functions are referred to as llser flow rates.
For example, the Raw Water Pumping Station user flow rate for full capacity operation
of its primary unit is 860 cfs (including the raw water withdrawn for the public water
system). These flow rates are programmed into a computer program to assist in the
determination of the allocation of available flows among Canal users. Augusta Canal
user flow rates include those of the Raw Water Pumping Station; Sibley, King and
Enterprise Mills; and recreational, aesthetic and educational Augusta Canal Authority
initiatives. Sibley, King and Enterprise Mills are hereafter identified as Augusta Canal
Hydroelectric Project functions. Foremost, Augusta's Augusta Canal flow management
plan is characterized by coordination of municipal, Augusta Canal Hydroelectric Project
OP41
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
the Aquatic Base Flows~ as described in this Operations Plan (see Section 5,3, below), for
the shoals.
Augusta proposes to use a 60-day running count to document compliance with the
priority reservation of Aquatic Base Flows for the shoals. The number of days that the
Aquatic Base Flows are actually reserved must equal or exceed 85% of the days within
any consecutive sixty-day period. The 15% of the time when Augusta may not reserve
the Aquatic Base Flows, it will reserve a lesser amount which will be no smaller than 500
cfs less than the Aquatic Base Flows. The 85% frequency target does not apply,
however, in USACE drought Level 3. Under such drought condition, Augusta will, at a
minimum, reserve the drought adjusted Aquatic Base Flows 100% of the time.
For example, for an Aquatic Base Flow of2000 cfs, Augusta would reserve 2000
cfs a minimum of 85% of any running 60-day period (51 days) and at least 1500 cfs the
remaining 15% of those days (9 days), all based on a 60-day running count. Thus, for
any consecutive sixty day period when the Aquatic Base Flow was 2000 cfs, the reserve
would be at least 2000 cfs for at least 51 days and at least 1500 cfs for the remaining nine
or fewer days. Under drought conditions, however, Augusta would reserve at least the
reduced drought tier Aquatic Base Flow amount every day during the drought. (See
Exhibit E of the Revised License Application.)
Once the Augusta Declaration is known, flows are first reserved for the shoals, as
described above, and then the water available for Canal uses is allocated among its
various users, up to the full amount of their desired or contracted supplies, on the basis
of a protocol developed by Augusta in consultation with the other users. For a great
OP40
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
majority of the time, more water will be available than the users of the canal need. All
remaining water must by necessity be directed to the shoals. The actual number of days
that the flows in the shoals have historically exceeded the Aquatic Base Flows can be
computed from the information provided in the Technical Memorandum for Aquatic
Base Flows (Appendix S-14 to this Application).
Augusta will then operate the head gates to allow the amount of water allocated to
the users to flow into the Canal. Augusta will monitor, record and operate the Canal to
insure that the amount of water diverted into the Canal does not exceed 5% over the
target determined by the proposed protocol (see Section 5.3.3),
5.3 Definition of Tenns: Plan Components
5.3.1 User Flow Rates
Plow rates allocated for individual functions are referred to as user flow rates.
For example, the Raw Water Pumping Station user flow rate for full capacity operation
of its primary unit is 860 cfs (including the raw water withdrawn for the public water
system). These flow rates are progranlmed into a computer program to assist in the
determination of the allocation of available flows among Canal users. Augusta Canal
user flow rates include those of the Raw Water Pumping Station; Sibley, King and
Enterprise Mills; and recreational, aesthetic and educational Augusta Canal Authority
initiatives. Sibley, King and Enterprise Mills are hereafter identified as Augusta Canal
Hydroelectric Project functions. Foremost, Augusta's Augusta Canal flow management
plan is characterized by coordination of municipal, Augusta Canal Hydroelectric Project
OP41
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Proj ect 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
and Augusta Canal Authority User Flow Rates based on the Southeastern Power
Administration (SEP A) Daily Declaration Flow Rates for the upstream Thurmond
Hydroelectric Project. Within this scheme of flow management, the Stevens Creek
Hydroelectric Project serves the vital function of regulating Thurmond Hydroelectric
Project discharge flows, SEP A's Daily Declaration Flow Rates are critical for managing
Augusta Canal operations, because of the regulatory function mandated by the FERC
license for the Stevens Creek Hydroelectric Project.
5.3.2 Augusta Declaration
The SEP A publishes Daily Declaration Flow Rates that describe the average daily
flow scheduled to be released from the Thurmond Reservoir. The daily flow rates
constitute an average value of discharge rates that vary between 100 cfs (estimated
leakage) and 30,000 cfs over any twenty-four hour period. In addition to these flows,
natural inflow occurs between the Thurmond reservoir and the Augusta Diversion Dam.
This inflow can be estimated based on historic records. A protocol for that adjustment
can be based on statistical analysis of the available historic record. (See Section 5.2,
above.) The sum of the SEPA Daily Declaration Flow Rates and the inflow adjustment
constitutes the proposed Augusta Declaration.
5.3.3 Flow Regulation
The FERC license for the Stevens Creek Hydroelectric Project requires its
operator, South Carolina Electric & Gas Company (SCE&G), to discharge flows from
Stevens Creek Dam so as to regulate Thurmond's highly variable discharge flows to
within a 15% tolerance ofSEPA's Daily Declaration Flow Rates. The Raw Water
OP42
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPO\VER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
Pumping Station Superintendent must obtain the declaration daily from the SEP A and
issue an Augusta Declaration, which is the total of the SEP A declaration and the inflow
adjustment. The Augusta Declaration will be posted on a publicly accessible Internet
web site and used for operations. This value will be used to compute the Canal Flow for
the Augusta Canal. Augusta proposes to control the water diverted into the Augusta
Canal to within 5% of the Daily Allowable Diversion Flow Rate.
Table 5.1 Biological Seasons (See Exhibit E of the Revised License Application)
Bio Season No
/Flow /Frequency Dates Biological Season Description
Target
A season of winter weather, with moderate to
December - relatively high regulated water flows and cold water
1 / > 1500 cfs /85% January temperatures. Spawning activities are absent, but
some anadromous, and other migratory fishes, may
migrate into the AS in preparation for spawning.
A season of relatively high regulated flows and cold
February - but rising water temperatures. Early spawning
period. Some anadromous fish finish spawning
2/> 2000 cfs / 85% March while others' spawning activities continue into the
next biological season. Early spawning resident
fishes may complete spawning.
A season of moderate flow rates which recede to
fairly low flow rates. Rapidly increasing water
3 / > 2000 cfs / 85% April - May temperatures. Anadromous fishes complete
spawning activity, with incubation and rearing
periods following. Many resident fishes spawn
during this season.
OP43
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
June - The season of highest water temperatures and
4 / > 1500 cfs / 85% November lowest regulated flows.
5.3.4 Biological Season Threshold Rates
Each Biological Season has a specific Aquatic Base Flow. These flow rates have
been determined by Augusta's Savannah River Instream Flow Study consultant to
provide adequate habitat for fish migration, spawning and rearing activities known to
occur in the Augusta Shoals during each respective Biological Season. The adequacy of
the Aquatic Base Flow is partly based on the knowledge, from historical records, that the
actual flows in the shoals exceed the specified threshold rates a large majority of the time.
(See the Augusta Shoals duration curves in Exhibit B of the revised application). Also,
see Table 8.1 of the SRIFS Report appended to the application.
5.3.5 Drought Levels
The Biological Season Aquatic Base Flow does not reflect drought conditions.
Drought conditions are determined in accordance with the u.s. Army Corps of Engineers
Drought Plan for the Thurmond Reservoir. Generally, this provision accounts for
drought conditions and permits a proportional reduction in the rates reflective of
corresponding decreases in the SEP A declaration. These reduced flow rates are
identified as tiers in the Aquatic Base Flow Technical Memorandum. The 85%
frequency target does not apply under drought conditions. 100% of the drought-reduced
flow rates will be reserved for the Shoals at all such times.
OP44
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
5.3.6 Reserved Flow rates
The most critical and basic concept proposed for the operation of the Augusta
Canal under a license from the FERC for hydroelectric generation by the Mills can be
summarized as follows: Augusta will rely on the SEP A declaration for the Thurmond
Dam Project to create its own declaration and also rely on the ability of the upstream
Licensee (SCE&G) to operate its project in accordance with its FERC License
conditions. On that basis, Augusta will reserve FIRST, from the flow declaration, the
Aquatic Base Flow determined to be reflective of the needs of the Augusta Shoals
through the Savannah River Instream Flow Study. Augusta will reserve the Aquatic Base
Flow the minimum percentage of the time (frequency target) listed in Table 5.1. Augusta
will then allocate from the remainder to Canal users. The balance will also flow to the
Augusta Shoals. The frequency targets are explained in Section 5.2.
5.3.7 Daily Demand
The summation of user flow rates that can be accommodated after reservation of
the Aquatic Base Flow for the Augusta Shoals is the Daily Demand. For example, the
daily Total Demand figure shown in Figure 5.1 (see Section 5.4, below) is the sum of
checked" "individual flows.
5.3.8 Daily Allowable Diversion Flow Rate
The Daily Allowable Diversion Flow Rate is the average flow rate allocated for
daily Augusta Canal operations. When the Augusta Declaration is greater than the
reserved Aquatic Base Flow, the Daily Allowable Diversion Flow Rate is taken as having
a value greater than zero (computed by subtracting the reserved Aquatic Base Flow from
OP45
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
the Augusta Declaration.) The flows that Augusta proposes to divert to the Canal will
not exceed 105% of the Daily Allowable Diversion Flow Rate,
5.3.9 Excess Flow Rates
Daily Allowable Diversion Flow Rates that are greater than daily demandjlow
rates include excess jlow rates. Excess flows are those remaining after the reserved
Aquatic Base Flow and the Daily Demand flow have been subtracted from the
declaration flow rate. Excess Flows also :nter the Augusta Shoals because only the Daily
Demand flow rate will be allowed to enter the Augusta Canal.
5.3.10 Flow Curtailment
Flow Curtailments are the corresponding reductions in diversion flow and User
Flow Rate allocations to account for times when the flow declaration does not allow all
users of the Augusta Canal to operate within its target goal. User flow curtailments shall
be made in accordance with a Protocol developed by Augusta in consultation with the
Canal users. Flow curtailment operations must be preceded by notification of affected
users at the time the determination is made based on the daily flow declaration. Plow
curtailment operations involve
· Adjustment of head gates to the extent required; and
· Closure of corresponding user intake gate(s).
Augusta will be guided in the development of the Protocol by its status as a public entity
and a unit of the State of Georgia committed to the successful implementation of the
Statement of Goals adopted by the Augusta-Richmond County Commission (see Exhibit
B of the Revised License Application).
OP46
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Proj ect 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
5.4 Computer Aided Flow Management
Augusta uses a computer program to deteTmine the Daily Allowable Diversion
Flow Rates. The program allows for a Telatively easy method for operations personnel to
determine the allowable diversion rate. The program uses the date, Daily Declaration
Flow and current drought level, as shown in Figure 5.1. Date input references the current
Biological Season Aquatic Base Flow and drought tiers. Drought input effects a
reduction of the Aquatic Base Flow reservation, which is used for subsequent
computations.
The Allowable Diversion Flow Rate is computed as the difference between the
Augusta DeclaTation and the Aquatic Base Flow. User flow schedules are input by
checking fields ( ), as shown in Figure 5.1. This operation provides the program with a
Daily Demand Flow Rate. A statistical running count will be computed that reflects the
record of when the threshold Tates are met or not met so as to account for the goals stated
in Table 5.1.
OP47
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-0'00
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
Figure 5.1: Menu Page for Computing Daily Flow Rate Parameters
-. ..-11"" "'r.4';
iii. Declaration Flow for Date ._, _, . ,~.i..L~,,~.;-'~-'
In;C-~-- -- -"-~.
-ID/.~
Date: .16 /12/2003 , ..::J Start Time: 112:00:00 AM jJ
Enterprise Hill Gen. 2 (280 cfs)
User Flow Rates
~ Augusta No _ 1
o Augusta No. 2
o Augusta No. 3
~ Augusta No. 4
o Augusta No _ 5
o Augusta No. 6
o Augusta No _ 7
o Augusta No. 8
o Augusta No _ 9
o Augusta No. 10
~ Sibley Mill Gen. 1
~ Sibley Mill Gen. 2
~ Sibley Mill Gen. 3
~ King Mill Gen. 1
~ King Mill Gen. 2
~ Entet"prise Mill Cen _ 1
~
Daily Demand
(581 cfs).
(264 cfs)
(264 cfs)
(860 cfs)
(31 cfs)
(31 cfs)
(31 cfs)
(31 cfs)
(860 cfs)
(860 cfs)
{255 cfs}
(306 cfs)
(374 cfs)
(588 cfs)
(294 cfs)
(280 cfs)
3818 CFS
End Time: 111 :59:59 PM 8'
Drought level
r. Level 0
r Level 2
r Levell
r Level 3
Declaration Flow: I 5100
ABF Flow: I 1500:
Daily Demand I 3818
Bypass Flow: I 1500
Shortage: I 218
Report. I Exit I
5.5 Augusta Diversion Dam Headgate Operation
5.5.1 Automated Gate Operation
The Operations Plan requires that a stable flow rate into the Canal be established
based on the declaration. To confiml the results of the Operations Plan, Augusta will
monitor the flow that enters the Augusta Canal at the Headgates and make a record of the
flow as frequently as the USGS gauge of the Augusta Canal will allow. This
information will be used to control automatic operation of some of the gates to adjust
OP50
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
information will be used to control automatic operation of some of the gates to adjust
flow conditions to conform to the Daily Allowable Diversion Flow Rate detem1ined by
the Operations Plan. Augusta will provide those controls through the system wide
System Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system for operations of the Augusta
Water System.
5.5.2 Manual Operation
In events of remote gate operation system failure, the motorized-lift operated
gating system will be operated manually to admit the calculated Allowable Diversion
Flow Rate to the Augusta Canal. Radio communications will be used as needed to
convey information pertinent to this operation among personnel.
5.5.3 Compliance Monitoring
Augusta will maintain records of the Augusta Canal flow rate and monitor that
flow rate for compliance with the Operation Plan. Records will be maintained as listed
in Section 4. Monitoring will be based on the USGS gauging of the Augusta Canal or
equivalent gauging by another federal agency. The monitoring will be used to insure that
the correct amount of water is diverted into the Augusta Canal on the basis of the
Operations Plan. Augusta will be considered to have met the goal when the amount of
water actually diverted into the Augusta Canal does not exceed 5% over the Allowable
Diversion Flow Rate. (The 5% exceedance allowance provides a margin for error, in
recognition of the fact that the Canal Headgates are not capable of precise adjustment to
conform exactly to specified target rates of flow.)
OP49
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERA nONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
5.5.4 Schedule of Implementation
Augusta does not presently operate the Augusta Canal in the fashion described in
this Operations Plan. In order to accomplish the proposed Operations Plan, it will be
necessary for Augusta to make preparations to acquire the ability to operate in the fashion
described. Augusta proposes the following schedule for implementation of the
Operations Plan:
Times are from effective date of issuance of a license by the FERC.
1. Develop communications protocol with upstream and downstream entities
(SEPA, Corps of Engineers, SCE&G, Augusta Canal Authority, Sibley Mill, King
Mill, and Enterprise Mill): 6 months.
2. Develop record keeping procedures, computer programs for operation: 9 months
~ Develop, design, and construct physical facilities and modifications to implement
the operations plan: 15 months.
4. Implement Operations Plan: 15 months.
~ Issue first annual report to FERC on the Operation Plan's effectiveness and
propose any changes to the Plan: 28 months.
OP50
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
5.6 Management Options
The Augusta Canal system is a complex mix of uses keyed to support various
activities. The Augusta-Richmond County Commission has identified these activities in
its "Goals" statement (see Exhibit B of the Application). In order to balance the use of
the resource, it may be necessary at times to curtail some of the uses of water through the
Augusta Canal. This section describes the options available for the curtailment of such
uses.
5.6.1 Curtail Aesthetic Flows
Augusta has allocated a flow rate of 50 cfs for Augusta Canal Authority
operations ofthe second and third levels of the Augusta Canal. This flow is admitted to
the lower levels through the Thirteenth Street gates. Refer to Figure 5.1 for the gate
locations. ,Curtailing this user flow rate may mitigate situations involving bypass flow
deficits of up to 50 cfs.
5.6.2 Curtail Recreational flows
The Augusta Canal Authority's proposed Long Gate Spillway Kayak Course has
an estimated flow rate need of 100 cfs. Curtailing this user flow rate may mitigate
situations involving bypass flow deficits of up to 100 cfs. Upon curtailment of this use,
the following steps should be executed:
. Evacuate the kayak course.
. Check the grounds to ensure that all guests have left the premises.
OP51
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
5.6.3 Curtail Augusta Canal Hydroelectric Power Operations
Augusta Canal Hydroelectric Power operations include the Sibley, King and
Enterprise Mills. Sibley Mill has 3 turbines and King Mill and Enterprise Mill have 2
turbines each. Sibley Mill generators 1,2 and 3 use 255,306 and 374 cfs, respectively.
King Mill's two turbines use 588 cfs and 294 cfs; and each of Enterprise Mill's turbines
uses 280 cfs. The priority of curtailment will be in accordance with a priority Protocol
developed by Augusta and mutually agreed upon by the hydroelectric users based on
existing state law relevant to the issue and the City's public duties and responsibilities.
Upon failure to reach agreement by the hydroelectric users, Augusta will devise a priority
Protocol for curtailment.
5.6.4 Curtailment of Augusta Raw Water Pumping Station Operation
Curtailment of Raw Water Pumping Station flows is an alternative available to
Augusta to meet the goals adopted by the Augusta-Richmond County Commission for the
management of the resources of the Augusta Canal and the Savannah River. There are
numerous combinations of equipment choices, reduction of output and even cessation of
turbine operation that could be implemented by Augusta to meet its management goals.
In addition, Augusta is free to engage the hydroelectric users in developing a Protocol
whereby Augusta could lend its flexibility to the end of facilitating a less costly
consequence for all users.
5.7 Channel Maintenance/Sediment Flushing
Infrequently, the Augusta Canal may need dewatering of sections or the complete
. system for maintenance operations, for example to remove the sediment that settles
OP52
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT OPERATIONS PLAN
FERC Project 11810-000
Augusta, GA
June 2003 REVISION
immediately past intake facilities for the Raw Water Pumping Station and the
hydroelectric intakes. Other operations that may be performed in the Canal, with or
without dewatering, include removal of vegetation. All such operations will be
performed with the advice of State fish and wildlife authorities. Drawdowns of the Canal
will be performed at a slow pace whenever possible, to allow fish to escape and to protect
the Canal embankments from rapid dewatering collapse.
OP53
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
Application
(FERC Project No. 11810)
Volume 1 of 2
Applicant:
Augusta, Georgia
Revised June 20, 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUGUSTA CANAL
WATER POWER PROJECT
REVISED APPLICATION FOR F.E.R.C. LICENSE
PROJECT NO. 11810 GA.
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA
REVISED INITIAL STATEMENT
BEFORE THE FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION;
Application for License for Major Project - Existing Dam:
1. Augusta, Georgia has previously applied to the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission for a license for the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project, and now files this
Revised License Application as described in the attached exhibits. As stated in the original
Application, in 1929, FPC issued a 50-year "minor part" license, Project No. 746, to The City
Council of Augusta, Georgia (hereinafter "City Council"), to increase the diversion dam
height by 18 inches. In 1969, the City Council, as co-applicant with Georgia Power
Company, was issued a 50-year license (FPC Project No. 2598) to develop the Augusta
Canal Project. Simultaneous with license issuance was the surrender of the City Council's
"minor part" license. In 1970, the jointly-held license was surrendered and the "minor part"
license reinstated at the Licensees' request due to the City Council's reconsideration of the
project's economic feasibility. The "minor part" license (Project No. 746) expired in 1979.
The City Council of Augusta received a preliminary permit (Project No. 5772)
effective May 1, 1982. The City Council prepared an application for license which was filed
with the Commission in 1983. Subsequently, the Commission requested additional
environmental studies from the applicant, in response to request by the U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service on the basis of additional Federal legislation passed in 1986. Due to the
costs associated with the studies requested, the City Council, based on the economic
Initial Statement Revjsed
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
limitations existing at the time, did not complete the requested studies and the Commission
dismissed the application in 1995.
The City Council of Augusta and. Richmond County consolidated pursuant to an Act
of the Georgia General Assembly (1995 Ga. Laws p. 3648) effective January 1, 1996. The
new government unit succeeded to all the rights and responsibilities of both the former City
Council and Richmond County, Georgia, having the powers of both a municipality and a
county. In 1996, Augusta, Georgia (the legal name of the Augusta - Richmond County
consolidated government) filed for and received from the Commission a Preliminary Permit
(FERC # 11581-000) to file an application for License. The term of Permit 11581-000
expired prior to completion of the environmental studies necessary to support the application.
Thus, Augusta, Georgia applied for, and received from the Commission, Preliminary Permit
# 11810-000 to complete the process under which the original and this revised application is
made.
2. The location of the proposed project is:
State: Georgia
County: Richmond
Town: Augusta
Stream: Savannah River
Other Body of Water: Augusta Canal
River Mile: 203; 3,500 feet upstream from Rae's Creek
3. The exact name and business address of the applicant is:
Augusta, Georgia
803 Municipal Building
Augusta, Georgia 30911
Initial Statement Revised
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The exact name and business address of each person authorized to act as agent for the
applicant in this Application are:
Bob Young, Mayor
803 Municipal Building
530 Greene Street
Augusta, Georgia 30911
Tel. No. (706) 821-1831
N. Max Hicks, P. E., Director, Utilities Department
360 Bay Street, Suite 180
Augusta, Georgia 30901
Tel. No. (706) 312-4121
4. The applicant is a municipality organized and existing under the general and specific
laws of the State of Georgia. See 1995 Ga. Laws, p. 3648.
5. The Applicant has by Act # of the Georgia General Assembly, the preceding powers
of The City Council of Augusta and Richmond County, Georgia, and the Ordinances duly
adopted by the City Council and by the consolidated government of Augusta, Georgia, the
right to engage in the business of operating the Augusta Canal and its appurtenances, and is
given priority over other users as to the use of the water in the Canal. Evidence of the
foregoing is respectfully submitted as follows:
a. On March 15, 1845, the City Council of Augusta passed an ordinance "to provide
for the construction of a Canal, for manufacturing purposes, and for the better
securing an abundant supply of water for the city." Later that year, The Augusta
Canal Company was created to manage the canal by Act of the General Assembly
of the State of Georgia (Ga. Laws 1845, p. 138). The 1845 was subsequently
amended to convey the Canal to the City of Augusta (Ga. Laws 1849, p. 85).
Initial Statement Revised
3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
b. In 1873, by Act of the General Assembly of Georgia, the City Council of Augusta
was granted the authority "to conform their titles to property already acquired,
and to be acquired, on the line of the Augusta Canal." (Ga. Laws 1873, p. 120).
c. By Act of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia (Ga. Laws 1887, p. 518),
an 1886 ordinance of the Augusta City Council was confirmed which set forth the
terms and conditions under which the water power of the Augusta Canal was
leased to mills and factories on the canal. The 1886 ordinance provides in part as
follows:
The grantor hereby reserves for the use of the City of Augusta
water enough from the first and second levels of the Augusta
Canal to drive the pumps of the City Water Works, and to
supply the reservoir of the said water works with water at all
times; and this right is to have precedence over all the grants of
water made by the grantor on the first and second levels of said
canal. The grantor also reserves the right to supply all needs of
the City of Augusta for water for any purpose, from any level
of the canal, and this right shall have precedence over all the
grants made by the grantor on any level of the canal.
City Code of Augusta of 1886, Chapter VIII (emphasis added).
d. The Augusta-Richmond County Code, which is currently in effect contains a
similar reservation of water for use by Augusta at S 1-9-23(b) (12), Reservation of
Water for Use of City.
e. The charter of the City of Augusta was amended in 1929, in part, to authorize the
City Council "to utilize the water-power in the Augusta Canal by developing the
same into hydro-electric energy." (Ga. Laws, 1929, p. 858).
f. Georgia Supreme Court decisions recognize that the Augusta canal and the water
in the canal are "valuable property" of Augusta. See Cartledge v. City Council of
Augusta, 183 Ga. 414 (1936) ("[t]he canal and the water are valuable property of
the city"); Millers v. City Council of Augusta, 63 Ga. 772 (1879) (recognizing
that the canal is the property of Augusta and the water supply is owned by the
city).
g. The Savannah River, within the project area, is non-navigable within the
provisions of the Georgia Code. See O.C.G.A. S 44-8-5.
Under the laws of the State of Georgia, O.c.G.A. S 44-8-4, corporations owning
or controlling lands of any non-navigable stream, as designated by the Code, are
authorized to construct and maintain a dam across such stream for the
development of water power and other purposes, together with canals and
appurtenances.
Initial Statement Revised
4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Recreational navigability on the river within the project area, in accordance with
the State of South Carolina's definition of Navigability, is discussed more fully in
Subsection E.5.ii of Exhibit E.
h. Reference is also made to the rights and powers conferred upon the Applicant
under its original Charter and its amendments, the Act forming the consolidated
political subdivision known as "Augusta, Georgia" (1995 Ga. Laws, p. 3648, as
amended), and the general laws of the State of Georgia regarding local
governments, said general laws being codified as Georgia Title 36 "Local
Government" .
1. Augusta, Georgia, by Act of the Georgia General Assembly (1995 Ga. Laws, p.
3648, as amended), was conferred all rights, privileges, duties and
responsibilities of the former municipal corporation, "The City Council of
Augusta" and of the county, "Richmond County, Georgia" as of January 1, 1996.
6. Augusta, Georgia owns and operates the Augusta Canal together with the diversion
dam, head works and facilities therein. Augusta, Georgia owns all land within the project
boundary as shown on the Project Map, Drawing G 1. Also, by Warranty Deed dated March
19, ] 901, Augusta was granted certain water rights on land located in Edgefield County,
State of South Carolina. A transcript of that deed is included in this revised application as
Appendix Dl.
In witness whereof the Applicant has caused this application to be signed by Bob
-:(.
Young, Mayor of Augusta, Georgia this ?f)!: day of ~~, 2003.
AU~
By:
Attest:~~
Cl k
Bob Young
Mayor
Initial Statement Revised
5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
VERIFICATION
This application is executed in the
State of Georgia
County of Richmond
By Mayor Bob Young
804 Municipal Bldg.
Augusta, Ga, 30911
Being duly sworn, deposes and says that the contents of this application are true to the
best of his know]~dge or belief. The undersigned applicant has signed the revised
application this~th day of June, 2003
~
Mayor Bob Y
Su?scribed and s(~ore me
ThIs 2.f% day 0 , 2003
l
Notary Public
ommission expires '1/1-1/- / D4? I SEAL
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
APPENDICES BOUND SEPARATELY AND FILED WITH ORIGINAL
APPLICATION JANUARY 2003:
APPENDIX D.l
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX E.2
APPENDIX E.3
APPENDIX E.4
APPENDIX E.6
APPENDIX S-1
APPENDIX S-2
APPENDIX S-3
APPENDIX S-4
APPENDIX S-5
APPENDIX S-6
APPENDIX S-7
APPENDIX S-8
APPENDIX S-9
APPENDIX S-10
APPENDIX S- I I
APPENDIX S-12
Warranty Deed
Stage I Consultation Documentation
Consultation Water Use And Quality
Consultation Fish, Wildlife And Botanical Resources
Consultation On Historical And Archaeological Resources
Flood Plain
Resource Study Report: Water Use and Quality
Resource Shldy Report: Fisheries
Resource Study Report: Wildlife and Botany
Resource Study Report: Rare and Protected Species
Fish Passage and Protection Plan
Resource Study Report: Savannah River Instream Flow Study
Appendix A (Savannah River Instream Flow Study)
A Survey of Adult Fish and 1chthyoplankton of the Savannah
River and Augusta Canal
Cultural Resources Survey
Resource Study Report: Recreation, Land Management and
Aesthetics
Engineering Report
,
Operations Plan (dated October 2002)
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
,I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
APPENDICES BOUND SEP ARA TEL Y AND FILED \VITH REVISED
APPLICATION JUNE 2003:
APPENDIX S-12
APPENDIX S-13
Revised Operations Plan (dated June 2003)
Agency Comments and Responses
APPENDIX S-14
Technical Memoranda
I
I
"I
I
I
I
I
I
-I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
In accordance with Section 16.8 of the Commission's Regulations, I hereby
certify that I have this day provided a copy of the attached revised license application on
each entity designated on the a:;,chedljrvice List.
Dated at Augusta, Ga, this 2P of -;-' 2003
Name: James B. Wall, Esq.
P. O. Box 2125
Augusta, Ga. 30903
Ja es B. Wall, Esq.
?ty Attorney
-
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Service List for P-1181 0
AUGUSTA FERC LICENSE APPLICATION
Principal/Party Name/Address
COUNTY CLERK
AIKEN, COUNTY OF
PO Box 2040
Aiken, SC 29802-2040
BOB YOUNG MAYOR
AUGUSTA-RICHMOND COUNTY COMM.-
COUNCIL
MUNICIPAL BUILDING
530 Greene St
Augusta, GA 30911-4406
COUNTY CLERK
COLUMBIA, COUNTY OF
PO Box 498
Evans, GA 30809-0498
COUNTY CLERK
EDGEFIELD, COUNTY OF
215 Jeter St
Edgefield > SC 29824-1133
Regional Engineer
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Atlanta Regional Office
3125 Presidential Pkwy Ste 300
Atlanta, GA 30340-3700
DIRECTOR
GEORGIA DEPT OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICUL TORE BUILDING
CAPITOL SQUARE
ATLANTA, GA 30334
DAVID WALLER DIRECTOR
Georgia Dept. of Natural Resources
WILDLIFE RESOURCES DIVISION
2070U Highway 278 SE
Social Circle, GA 30025-4711
Jon Ambrose Program Manager
Georgia Dept. of Natural Resources
NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
2117 Highway 278 SE
Social Circle, GA 30025-4714
Process
Certified Notification
GEORGE KOLB, ADMIN.
AUGUSTA-RICHMOND COUNTY COMMISSION
801 MUNICIPAL BUILDING
AUGUSTA, GA 30911
Hardbound Copy
Certified Notification
Certified Notification
Hardbound Copy
Certified Notification
Compact Disc enclosed
Compact Disc enclosed
I
I
I DIRECTOR Hardbound Copy
Georgia Environmental Protection Div.
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
205 Butler St SE Ste 1152
I Atlanta, GA 30334-9041
DIRECTOR Certified Notification
I GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION
PO Box 819
Macon, GA 3 l202-08l9
I DIRECTOR Certified Notification
GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCESIEPD
I 19 Martin Luther King Jr Dr SW
Atlanta, GA 30334-9004
I Ray Luce Director Hardbound Copy
Georgia Historic Preservation Division
151 Trinity Ave SW Ste 101
Atlanta, GA 30303-3625
I DIRECTOR Certified Notification
GEORGIA OFFICE OF PLANNING & BUDGET
I 270 Washington St SW
Atlanta, GA 30334-9009
A TTORNEY GENERAL Certified Notification
I GEORGIA OFFICE OF THE A ITORNEY
GENERAL
132 STATE JUDICIAL BUILDING
I ATLANTA, GA 30334
SECRETARY Certified Notification
Georgia Public Service Commission
I 244 Washington St SW
Atlanta, GA 30334-9007
I REGIONAL DIRECTOR Certified Notification
GEORGIA REGIONAL FORESTER
SOUTHERN J{pGION
1720 Peachtree St NW
I Atlanta, GA 30309-2449
DIRECTOR Certified Notification
I GEORGIA STATE SOIL & WATER CONSERV
COMM
PO Box 8024
Athens, GA 30603-8024
I c. Ronald Carroll Director Certified Notification
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Institute of Ecology
University of Georgia
UNIV OF GEORGIA
ATHENS, GA 30602-0002
E.V.E, JOY Hardbound Copy
National Marine Fisheries Service
9721 Executive Center Dr N
Saint Petersburg, FL 33702-2449
SOUTHEAST REGION DIRECTOR Certified Notification
National Marine Fisheries Service
NORTHEAST REGIONAL OFFICE - DOC/NOAA
I Blackburn Dr
Gloucester, MA 01930-2237
REGIONAL DIRECTOR Hardbound Copy
National Marine Fisheries Service
SOUTHEAST REGIONAL OFFICE
9721 Executive Center Dr N
Saint Petersburg, FL 33702-2449
CITY CLERK Certified Notification
NORTH AUGUSTA CITY OF
400 E Buena Vista Ave
North Augusta, SC 29841-4108
LONlCE BARRETT DIRECTOR Hardbound Copy
PARKS & J-DSTORlC SITES DIVISION
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
205 Butler St SE Ste 1352
Atlanta, GA 30334-9043
COUNTY CLERK Hardbound Copy
RlCHMOND, COUNTY OF
COUNTY OFFICES
530 Greene St
Augusta, GA 30911-4406
Bernard P. Starceski Certified Notification
Starceski, Bernard P.
2561 Tobacco Rd
Hephzibah, GA 30815-7000
CYNTHIA BOHN Hardbound Copy
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
ECOLOGICAL SERVICES
1875 Century Blvd NE Ste 200
Atlanta, GA 30345-3319
I
I
I Georgia Field Office Director Certified Notification
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
247 S Milledge Ave
Athens, GA 30605-1045
I REGIONAL DIRECTOR Hardbound Copy
U.S. National Park Service
I U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
100 AJabama St SW
Atlanta, GA 30303-870 I
I COMMANDER Certified Notification
US Army Corps of Engineers
S. ATLANTIC DIY. - ATTN: CESAD-ET-CO-H
I 60 Forsyth St SW Rm 9M15
Atlanta, GA 30303-8801
DISTRICT ENGINEER Certified Notification
I US Army Corps of Engineers
PO Box 889
Savannah, GA 31402-0889
I CHARLES Y ANNY Certified Notification
US Army Corps of Engineers
PO Box 2288
I Mobile, AL 36628-0001
COMMANDER Certified Notification
I US Army Corps of Engineers
PO Box 1159
Cincinnati, OH 45201-1159
I Fred AJlgaier Certified Notification
US Bureau of Indian Affairs
3000 Y oungfield St Ste 230
I Lakewood, CO 80215-6551
James Kardatzke Dr. Ecologist Certified Notification
I US Bureau ofIndian Affairs
Eastern Regional Office
711 Stewarts Ferry Pike
Nashville, TN 37214-2751
I Solicitors Office Certified Notification
US Bureau of Indian Affairs
I 1849 C St NW Rm 6454
Washington, DC 20240-0001
MaIka Pattison Certified Notification
I US Bureau of Indian Affairs
Office of Trust Responsibilities
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1849 C Street, NW, MS 4513 MlB
Washington, DC 20240-0001
DISTRICT MANAGER Certified Notification
US Bureau of Land Management
JACKSON DISTRICT OFFICE
411 Briarwood Dr Ste 404
Jackson, MS 39206-3058
COMMANDING OFFICER Certified Notification
US Coast Guard
MSOSAVANNAH
222 W Oglethorpe Ave Ste 402
Savannah, GA 3]401-3665
DIRECTOR Certified Notification
US Department of the Interior
OFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR
75 Spring St SW Ste 1328
Atlanta, GA 30303-3309
JAMES LEE Hardbound Copy
US Department of the Interior
RUSSELL FEDERAL BUILDING
75 Spring St SW Ste 1144
Atlanta, GA 30303-3308
Diana M, Woods Certified Notification
US Environmental Protection Agency
Wetlands Section
6] Forsyth St SW
Atlanta, GA 30303-8931
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATOR Certified Notification
US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
61 Forsyth St SW
Atlanta, GA 30303-8931
Max Cleland Honorable Certified Notification
US Senate
Washington, DC 205]0
Zell Miller Honorable Certified Notification
US Senate
Washington, DC 20510
Avondale Mills
900 Avondale Ave. Hardbound Copy
Sylacauga, AL 35150-] 899
-I
I
I
I
ril
.1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
_I
I
I
I
I
STATEMENT OF NOTIFICATION:
The applicant has, concurrent with submittal of this application, made a good faith effort
to give NOTIFICATION BY CERTIFIED MAIL to all parties required under
CFR 18.4.32(3)i, including a copy of Exhibit G
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
EXHIBIT A: PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Table of Contents
A.O In trod u c ti 0 n .............................................. ...................................... ................... 3
A.l Physical Composition of Structures and Facilities ............................................ 3
Al.l Augusta Diversion Dam, Drawings G 1, F3, F4 .......................................... 5
Al.2 Augusta Canal Headgates, Drawings. F3 & F4 ............................... ........... 6
AI.3 First-Level Augusta Canal, Drawing Gl ....................................................7
AlA Reed Creek Waste Gate, Drawing G 1, Fll ...................................................... 7
AI.5 Rock Creek Waste Gate, Drawing G 1, F9 ........ ................................................ 9
A.I.6 Water Works Pumping Facilities Intakes........................................................ 10
Al.7 Long Gate Spillway, Drawings Gl, F7........................................................... 10
A.I.8 Tin House Gates, Drawings G 1, F9 ................................................................ 13
AI.9 Bulkhead Gates, Drawings G 1, F7 ......................................... ...... ...... ............. 14
AI.I0 Weigle's Gate, Drawings G 1, F8 .................................................................. 16
ALII The Thirteenth Street Gates, Drawing Gl, F8 .............................................. 17
A.l.12 Sibley Mill....................................................................... .............................. 18
A.l.13 King Mill Generatin g Plan t................................................................................ 19
A.1.14 Enterprise Mill Generating Plant, Drawings Gl ............................................. 19
A.2 Su rrace Area and Elevations ................................................................................... 19
A.3 Tu rb ines an d Gen erato rs ... ............ .................... ................. .................................... 20
A.4 Trans missi on Lin es ......... ...... ................................................................................... 20
A.S Appu rten an t Eq uipmen t ......................................................................................... 20
A.6 United States Lands within the Project Boundary ............................................... 20
A-I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
List of Tables
Table A.l: Augusta Canal Power Proj ect Structures................................................. ........ 4
List of Photographs
The Augusta Diversion Dam: from its Headgate Structure to Edgefield County, South
Carolina Savannah River Shore Abutment....................................... .... .............................. 5
Just Upstream and Downstream, left and right, respectively, of Original Augusta Canal
Headgates .............,...................................................................,.................................,........ 6
Just Upstream and Downstream of Gatehouse, left and center, respectively; Navigation
Lock, right...........................,.....................,......................................................................... 6
Reed Creek Waste Gate Actuators, from Towpath TriaL.................................................. 8
Pedestrian Spillway Bridge, left; Original Dam, Submerged, right ................................. 11
Continuation of Stonemasonry Wall by Reinforced Concrete Wall, left; Looking Over
Spillway from Pedestrian Bridge toward Tailrace, right .................................................. 11
Tin House Gate's Canal Mouth; Tin House Gate's Tailrace, Gatehouse above .............. 13
Just Downstream of Bulkhead Gates......................... ............................................ ........... 14
Footbridge Over Gates, right; Gate Actuators on railed walkway above, left; Navigation
Bay, right....................................... .................................................................................... 15
Weigle's Gate, Canal in Foreground ................................................................................ 16
Just Upstream of 13th Street Headgates, left; View Along Length of Head gate Structure:
Shows Gate Actuators Mounted on I-beams, right........................................................... 17
Just Downstream of Head gates, left; Further Downstream, Just Beyond 13th Street
Culvert-type Bridge ...............,.......................................................................................... 17
Sibley Mill Intake......... .,...............................................:................................................... 18
A-2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
EXHIBIT A: PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A.O Introduction
Augusta, Georgia operates the Augusta Canal Power Project a project that was
first constructed and operated in 1847. Augusta Canal Power Project provides hydro-
mechanical power to pump raw water to Augusta's Water Treatment Plant. It also
provides waterpower to three hydroelectric users. These users include Sibley, King and
Enterprise mills, which are FERC Project Numbers 5044, 9988 and 2935, respectively.
This application is for continued operation of the Augusta Canal Power Project. The
project proposes no new or additional hydroelectric works.
A.I Physical Composition of Structures and Facilities
Table A.1 presents a list of the structures that comprise the Augusta Canal Power
Project, followed by the independently FERC licensed hydroelectric projects. Generally,
these works or projects appear in Table A.l, in order according to their relative positions
with respect to the Augusta Canal's headgates, as shown on Drawing G 1. Mill listings
follow all canal works listings. Complete descriptions of each tabulated structure or mill
are presented.
A-3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Table A.I: Augusta Canal Power Project Structures
River Mile
(RM), or location
Structure Description relative to
canal's
headgates; see
Drawing G 1
(1) Augusta Diversion Run-of-the river type stone masonry dam RM 207.5
Dam
4 steel and 9 wooden, motor operated,
(2) Canal Head-gates gates for admitting flow to the Augusta Canal headgates
Canal
(3) First-Level of Primary level of the Augusta Canal Ends 35,585 ft
Augusta Canal from headgates
(4) Reed Creek Waste Augusta Canal relief gate to Savannah 3,970 ft from
Gate (inoperable) River head-gates
(5) Rock Creek Waste Augusta Ca!1al relief gate to Savannah 13,805 ft from
Gate (inoperable) River head gates
(6) Waterworks intakes Four existing intakes for motive and raw 18,670 ft from
water on the bank of the canal head gates
(7) Long Gate Spillway Flood control device for Rae's Creek 23,600 ft from
discharges headgates
(8) Tin House Gates Supplemental Flood control device for 25,341 ft from
Rae's Creek discharges headgates
(9) Bulkhead Gate Facilitates channel maintenance and 25,513 ft from
maintenance of mill's intake structures headgates
(10) Weigles Gate Gate to 3rd level canal, located upstream of 31,095 ft from
Hawk's Gully headgates
(11) 13th ST Head- Former 2nd level canal headgates; now used 35,585 ft from
gates for water level control head gates
(12) Sibley Mill, FERC Textile mill 28,403 ft from
Project No. 5044 headgates
(13) King Mill, FERC Textile mill 29,325 ft from
Project No. 9988 headgates
(14) Enterprise Mill, Former textile mill, now apartment 33,595 ft from
FERC Project No. building, and Augusta Canal National head gates
2935 Heritage Area attraction
.
.
A-4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A.I.1 Augusta Diversion Dam, Drawings Gl, F3, F4
The Augusta Diversion Dam is a nm-of-the river type stonemasonry dam. This dam
is shown on Drawing Gl, approximately nine tenths (0.9) ofa mile downstream from
SCE&G Steven's Creek Dam. The Augusta Diversion Dam is 1,666 feet long between
Georgia and South Carolina Savannah River shores. Originally, this dam's height was
ten feet; however it was raised by one and one-half foot concrete cap in 1929 to eleven
and one half (11.5) feet.
The Augusta Diversion Dam: from its Headgate Structure to Edgefield County,
South Carolina Savannah River Shore Abutment
A-5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A.I.2 Augusta Canal Headgates, Drawings. F3 & F4
The Augusta Canal's original stonemasonry headgate, built in 1847, was supported
by the Savannah River's natural rock bottom. This structure, which included seven (7)
arched gates and a navigation lock, was located approximately thirty (30) yards
downstream from the present head gate structure.
\'. ." ~ ~'
'fr.-t.l. .~J::~tr(:j,"'l
jtr~i~E'~: ,. ".. ,.5~'~
~....,.......,4..-.:~~.'.I""I"",'_.l' .
",...";,<.-!:... ".,:'?'. \l:-,.::" :r,,::;;": ,;~,,:"' '~" : [-t""
",~Ja'r-'li~'~"
~~~lI;~:,~:i~.~~;~:
.' to ,'I _ ~:.__~ff."" ;-' "
.,-~fit~j ~~, ..0:' :,:,,~;~:;:.: '.';'
Just Upstream and Downstream, left and right, respectively, of Original Augusta
Canal Headgates
The present bulkhead-type headgate structure was constructed during 1874 and 1875.
Originally, this structure had seventeen (17) wooden gates; however, during 1979, eight
(8) of these gates were replaced with fOllr (4) steel gates, and the other nine (9) wooden
gates were also replaced.
Just Upstream and Downstream of Gatehouse, left and center, respectively;
Navigation Lock, right
A-6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A gatehouse, which has board and batten siding and a tin roof, covers this
headgate structure's full length. The associated navigation lock is located adjacent to the
canal's riverside ban1e This lock is one hundred feet long and fifteen feet wide and has
steel mitre gates. Cumulatively, this head gate and lock structure span nearly one hundred
seventy-six feet from the Augusta Canal's riverside bank to a backfilled non-overflow
wall. The backfill behind this wall nearly covers the original headgate structure's arches,
such that they are only somewhat visible; and stone now encloses the original lock's
entrance.
A.I.3 First-Level Augusta Canal, Drawing Gl
The Augusta Canal was originally completed in 1847. After 1849, the Augusta
Canal consisted of a three level canal system. Only the first-level of the Augusta Canal is
included in the Project Boundary. It extends near seven (7) miles between its diversion
dam and Thirteenth Street gates. Between 1871 and 1875, the canal was greatly
enlarged; and it was improved considerably under programs of the Works Progress
Administration during the 1930's and early 1940's. The Augusta Canal's average cross-
sectional area between its diversion dam headgates and the Raw Water Pumping Station
is approximately 2,090 square feet. Refer to Drawing Gl for first-level canal cross-
section.
A.1.4 Reed Creek Waste Gate, Drawing Gl, Fll
Reed Creek waste gate is shown on Drawing G 1, 4,215 feet from the canal
headgates. This gate was originally constructed of stone masonry; and its foundation
consisted of timbers resting on natural rock.
A-7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Reed Creek Waste Gate Actuators, from Towpath Trial
First improvements to this gate structure were done in 1945, and again in 1950;
and they included replacing foundation timbers with concrete footings, and raising the
gate stmcture. This stmcture accommodates four by five foot Hardesty sluice gates
equipped with manual gear operators; however, accumulated sediment and disrepair has
made them inoperable. A concrete bridge accommodates towpath pedestrian and
vehicular traffic across Reed Creek gates. Vehicular traffic on this road is limited to
canal operations and maintenance vehicles.
A-8
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A.1.5 Rock Creek Waste Gate, Drawing Gl, F9
The Rock Creek Waste Gate is shown in Drawing G 1, 13,800 feet from the canal
headgates. This gate was originally constructed of stonemasonry, and its top surface was
later elevated by two and one-half feet of brick masonry. Rock Creek waste gate was
renovated: in 1939. A reinforced concrete bulkhead wall for housing two manually
operated sluice gates was anchored to the stone masonry. Rock Creek waste gate is
bridged by a concrete slab, which is supported on steel beams.
A-9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A.1.6 Water Works Pumping Facilities Intakes
The municipal raw water pumping facilities are situated on the east bank of the
Augusta Canal. This site has been used since about 1885 when water was pumped using
a steam powered pump. The buildings which housed this facility still stand.
Four intake structures supply motive and raw water to the pumping facilities
presently used by the City. The intakes have roller gates to shut off the water from the
Canal. One more structure is planned upstream of the existing structures. These intakes
(Dwgs. F5 & F6) are located approximately 18,570 feet from the canal headgates and
7,870 feet southeast of the 1-20 Bridge and were constructed in 1898, 1939, 1952, and
1974 (See Exhibit C).
A.l.7 Long Gate Spillway, Drawings Gl, F7
Long Gate Spillway is shown in Drawing G1 about 23,540 feet from the canal
headgates. The Works Progress Administration constructed this spillway in 1940. It
replaced a brick-masonry overflow dam that had been constructed during the early years
of the Augusta Canal.
A-IO
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Pedestrian Spillway Bridge, left; Original Dam, Submerged, right
This older dam is now submerged within the canal nineteen feet west ofthe present
spillway.
Long Gate Spillway's full length is spanned overhead by a five (5) foot hand-
railed reinforced concrete walkway, which is supported on a structural steel frame
anchored near this spillway's crest. This walkway accommodates pedestrian traffic
across Long Gate Spillway at an elevation of 163 feet above mean sea level (MSL), nine
(9) feet above the spillway's crest. Manual gate actuators are mounted on steel-
reinforced concrete columns that are cast monolithically with this spillway.
Continuation of Stonemasonry Wall by Reinforced Concrete Wall, left; Looking
Over Spillway from Pedestrian Bridge toward Tailrace, right
A-II
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Steel-reinforced concrete retaining walls and wing walls were constructed as
continuations of the original dam's stone-masonry walls to retain canal banks adjacent
the new spillway and provide its abutments. Culverts at end and center positions along
the length of this spillway's base channel flows through its sluice gates and into its
tailrace. These gates are four and one-half feet wide, and five feet deep. Placed stone
riprap forms the tailrace floor, which parallels the canal for a short distance and then
discharges to Rae's Creek.
A-12
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Tailrace from Long Gate Spillway to Rae's Creek
A.1.8 Tin House Gates, Drawings Gl, F9
The Tin House gates show in Drawing G 1, 25,3410 ft from the headgates.
Originally, these gates likely supplied flows to Shamrock Mill, which was built during
the 1880's. Today, the Tin House Gates supplement Long Gate Spillway's capacity for
discharging Rae's Creek.
Tin House Gate's Canal Mouth; Tin House Gate's Tailrace, Gatehouse above
Reinforced concrete was constructed integrally with original stonemasonry to
form the present Tin House Gates. Sidewalls, raceway and tailrace floors are
stonemasonry; and slabs overhead are reinforced concrete. A square reinforced concrete
column fonns a gate well, which rises to the canal bank's surface. This well serves for
connecting wood beam mounted gear Ii tls located overhead to a pair of five and one-half
foot square steel sluice gates. These gate-lifts are enclosed in a green colored wood-
framed tin building that has plank flooring.
A-13
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A.1.9 Bulkhead Gates, Drawings Gl, F7
These gates are shown in Drawing G 1, 25,5 1 3 feet from the headgates. This
structure was constructed of reinforced concrete in 1914. It included nine mitre-swing
type gates within a bulkhead spanning 196.5 feet between canal banks. Fourteen-foot
bays housed eight of these gates, and there was a single 30-foot navigation bay. A timber
bridge spanned the eight 14-foot bays and a footbridge crossed the navigation bay.
Just Downstream of Bulkhead Gates
A-14
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
In 1940, the Bulkhead Gates were renovated. This renovation involved I) raising
the gate structure by 12 feet to an elevation of 172.8 feet above MSL; 2) replacing the
mitre-swing type gates with steel-slide type gates; 3) removing the footbridge spanning
the navigation bay; 4) replacing the timber bridge over the interior bays with a composite
timber and steel bridge, constructed at a higher elevation. This composite bridge was
removed in the late 1970's. Presently, a single wooden-decked steel bridge spans the
canal. This bridge is located behind and somewhat below the gate structure's top surface.
The gate structure itself has a walkway for gate actuator access.
Footbridge Over Gates, right; Gate Actuators on railed walkway above, left;
Navigation Bay, right
A-15
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A.1.tO Weigle's Gate, Drawings Gl, F8
Weigle's Gate appears in Drawing G1 about 31,100 feet from the canal
headgates.. This gate has been a part of the Augusta Canal system since its completion in
1847. Originally, Weigle's Gate consisted of an overflow wall and one gate. This
overflow wall, constructed of hand-hewn stone blocks measuring two by four feet,
spanned 156 feet. An eight by twelve inch timber cap was added to this wall, thereby
raising its upper surface elevation to 153.6 feet above MSL.
Weigle's Gate, Canal in Foreground
Today, Weigle's Gate consists ofa single steel-roller type, three and one-half by
five-foot, electronic gate mounted in reinforced concrete. This structure was cast over
the original stonemasonry gate housing; and its raceway retaining walls incorporate
original stonemasonry, brick and reinforced concrete construction types. Originally, the
wooden raceway floor was constructed of one by one foot planks. This plank flooring
has been replaced by concrete construction. Weigle's gate discharges to Hawk's Gully
through a ditch lined with randomly placed stones.
A-16
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A.1.ll The Thirteenth Street Gates, Drawing Gl, F8
The Thirteenth Street gates, shown in Drawing G1, is 35,585 feet from the canal
head gates and represent the tenninus ofthe project. These gates were constructed in
1910, after the 1908 flood, which destroyed the original gates. Historically, these gates
functioned as head gates to the second-level canal, which was filled and replaced by a
small culvert. Culverts, too, replaced the 13th Street Bridge.
../:
.....
"-c., .~
. i
11J~~&,~LJ,~~
~'~~~~"'-"!;l..-".
;~:\ ~:.~,.. ",: ',:,.,;',~: ....:.: ~S!~ii~;S
'(~" :'
Just Upstream of 13th Street Headgates, left; View Along Length of Headgate
Structure: Shows Gate Actuators Mounted on I-beams, right
This brick masonry gate structure has five steel slide-type gates, each six feet wide,
which are manually operated by worm gear lift-type actuators. These actuators are
mounted on a pair of 14-inch steel I-beams that are fixed to the gate structure's top
surface. Brick masonry walls retain the canal's banks upstream and downstream ofthese
gates; and the raceway from them, fomlerly placed stones, is now reinforced concrete.
''", !
.,' :~:-::~ '~;'il'j...":':~ ',~~~
" :'c''''':-)~:F::~ :;, ...J+:
,; . "".
"Z(', ).
l:,;,~~~~:~~,:t: ":',
Just Downstream of Gates, left; Further Downstream, Just Beyond 13th Street
Culvert-type Bridge
-
A-I?
I
I
I
A.1.12 Sibley Mill Generating Plant
Sibley Mill, FERC Project Number 5044, Drawing Gl, is about 28,403.feet from the
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
canal headgates. The intake is not within the Project Boundary for this project. This
mill's rated generation capacity and plant factor are 2,475 KW, and 0.8, respectively, for
an annual production of 17,345 MWh. This electricity is used for operation of the mill.
Augusta, GA allocates motive waters to Sibley Mill at a rate of l,024 CFS in accordance
with the contract foe delivery of waterpower between Augusta and the user. The
following picture shows Sibley Mill's intake sluice.
Sibley Mill Intake
I
I
','.",',
-,j 'I, r;j:""~;,
;
i,i-',
I
I
I
I
I
. ,I "
-~.------ ~--...... ~. ~ . -..-.." .- . ~------..- ----
I
A-18
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A.l.l3 King Mill Generating Plant
King Mill, FERC Project Number 9988, is shown in Drawing G 1 about 29,325
feet from the canal headgates. The intake is not within the Project Boundary for this.
project. This mill's rated generation capacity, and plant factor are 2,050 KW and 0.8,
respectively, for an annual production of 14,366 MWh. This electricity is used for
operation of the mill. Augusta, GA allocates motive waters to King Mill at a rate of 881
CFS in accordance with the contract for delivery of waterpower between Augusta and the
user.
A.l.l4 Enterprise Mill Generating Plant, Drawings Gl
Enterprise Mill, FERC Project Number 2935, shown in Drawing G 1 about 33,595
from the canal headgates. The intake is not within the Project Boundary for this project.
This mill's rated generation capacity, and plant factor are 1,200 KW and 0.8,
respectively, for an annual production of 8,41 0 MWh. Enterprise Mill owners use this
power and sell surplus power to Georgia Power Company. Augusta, GA allocates motive
waters to Enterprise Mill at a rate of 560 CFS in accordance with the contract for delivery
of waterpower between Augusta and the user.
A.2 Surface Area and Elevations
The Augusta Diversion Dam Impoundment extends upstream nine tenths (0.9) of
a mile from river mile 206.6 to South Carolina Electric and Gas Company's (SCE&G)
Steven's Creek Dam, which is located at river mile 207.5. The impoundment's normal
maximum surface area is 190 acres. The normal maximum elevation is elevation 160
MSL. Because the Augusta Diversion Dam is a run-of-the-river type dam, the project has
no usable storage capacity. The pool elevation is virtually entirely determined by
A-19
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
operations ofthe Steven's Creek and United States Army Corp of Engineers (US ACE) J.
Strom Thurmond dams.
A.3 Turbines and Generators
Because this license application does not propose new hydroelectric generation
facilities, and because existing hydroelectric facilities of the Augusta Canal Power
Project are independently licensed by the FERC, the subjects of Turbines and Generators
is non-applicable to this license application. Please refer to FERC license numbers 5044,
9988 and 2935, for information pertaining to the turbines and generators used by Sibley,
King and Enterprise mills, respectively.
A.4 Transmission Lines
Transmission lines are not proposed by this license application, and none exist
now in relation to the Project. Please refer to FERC license numbers 5044, 9988 and
2935, for information pertaining to Sibley, King and Enterprise mill's hydroelectric
projects.
A.5 Appurtenant Equipment
USGS maintains Gauge Station No. 02196500 in the Augusta Canal. Augusta
will use information from this gauge for the operation of the project.
A.6 United States Lands within the Project Boundary
There are no Federal lands within or adjacent to the boundaries of the Augusta
Canal Power Project.
A-20
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
EXHIBIT B: PROJECT OPERATION AND RESOURCE UTILIZATION
Table of Contents
B.l Plant Operation............................................................................................,.................. 2
B 1.1 Agreements for Delivery of Water Through the Augusta CanaL.............................. 2
B.2 Dependable Capacity and Average Annual Energy Production .................................... 4
B.2.l Flows and Energy... .............. ............... ................... ................................................ 4
B.2.2 Area-Capacity Curve .......... .......;~.. ......... ................ .............................................. 22
B.2.3 Hydraulic Capacity.... ........................................ ..............................................,.... 22
B.2A Tailwater Conditions ............................................ ......,......................................... 22
B.2.5 Plant Capability Versus Head Curve.................................................................... 23
B.3 Utilization of Generated Electric Power ...................................................................... 23
BA Future Development Plans........................................... ................................................ 23
B.5 Stated Goals of the governing Mayor and Commission of Augusta, Georgia ............. 24
B-1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
EXHIBIT B: PROJECT OPERATION AND RESOURCE UTILIZATION
B.t Plant Operation
There are no power plants in the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project. The Augusta Canal
Hydropower Project delivers waterpower to independently FERC licensed Sibley, King and
Enterprise mills hydroelectric projects. These mills are the only existing hydroelectric
projects served by the Augusta Canal, and there are no proposed hydroelectric projects within
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project boundaries. For information pertaining to plant
operations of Sibley, King or Enterprise mills, please refer to FERC license numbers 5044,
9988 and 2935, respectively. Augusta also operates hydro-mechanical units powered from the
Augusta Canal to deliver raw water to its water treatment plant that is non-jurisdictional to
FERC. These units have been continuously operational since 1898.
The Augusta Canal is operated in a manual manner. Please refer to Augusta, Georgia's
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project Operations Plan, which is included with this exhibit as
Appendix Bl, for infomlation concerning the proposed operation of the Augusta Canal and
modifications to the existing operation protocols.
BI.I Agreements for Delivery of Water Through the Augusta Canal
Augusta, GA, manages diversions of Savannah River waters to or from the Augusta Canal
in accordance with its agreements with Augusta Canal users for delivery of water through the
Augusta Canal. These Canal users include three FERC license holders, Avondale Mills, King
Mill, and Enterprise. All of these users have a tremendous stake in the availability of power
from the Canal to support their operations. These agreements date from 1870' s and have been
continuous since that time. Textile mills can barely stay competitive. Were it not for the
inexpensive power situation in the Augusta Canal, these mills would have closed long ago. It
B-2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
is a critical balance. These businesses provide hundreds of jobs that maintain Georgia and
South Carolina families. If the mills close, there would be no reason for Augusta's license.
But worse yet, many families would have to suffer. Revenues provided by the mills under the
water delivery contracts also support vital cultural, historic and recreational facilities and the
activities of the Augusta Canal Authority, which provides major economic and other benefits
to the Augusta region and its people.
An examination of the duration curves indicates that Augusta can achieve the scheme
proposed in the Operations Plan and safeguard the Canal users while reserving water flow to
the bypass reach in order to protects the shoals. Refer to the Augusta Canal Operations Plan
(Appendix S-12) for the specifics of the proposed operation. The water quality and the health
of the bypass reach is well documented in the Fisheries Resource Report (Appendix S-2) and
in the accompanying Survey of fisheries in the Savannah River and the Augusta Canal
(Appendix S-8).
B-3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
is a critical balance. These businesses provide hundreds of jobs that maintain Georgia and
South Carolina families. If the mills close, there would be no reason for Augusta's license.
But worse yet, many families would have to suffer. Revenues provided by the mills under the
water delivery contracts also support vital cultural, historic and recreational facilities and the
activities of the Augusta Canal Authority, which provides major economic and other benefits
to the Augusta region and its people.
An examination of the duration curves indicates that Augusta can achieve the scheme
proposed in the Operations Plan and safeguard the Canal users while reserving water flow to
the bypass reach in order to protects the shoals. Refer to the Augusta Canal Operations Plan
(Appendix S-12) for the specifics of the proposed operation. The water quality and the health
of the bypass reach is well documented in the Fisheries Resource Report (Appendix S-2) and
in the accompanying Survey of fisheries in the Savannah River and the Augusta Canal
q
(Appendix S-1 ?).
B-3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
B.2 Dependable Capacity and Average Annual Energy Production
Sibley Mill, FERC Project number 5044, has an installed capacity of2,475 kW, and its
plant factor and annual production are 0.80 and 17,345 kW, respectively. This power is used
primarily for operating Sibley Mill. King Mill, FERC Project number 9988, has an installed
capacity of2,050 kW, and its plant factor and annual production are 0.80 and 14,366 kW,
respectively. This power is used primarily for operating King Mill. Enterprise Mill, FERC
Project number 2935, has an installed capacity of 1,200 kW, and its plant factor and annual
production are 0.80 and 8,410 kW, respectively. There is no other electric power production
in the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project. The Augusta Raw Water Pumping Station is
equipped with four existing hydro-mechanical pumping units numbered one (1) to four (4)
delivering 2000 hp, 750 hp, 750 hp, and 2,500 hp respectively. Two additional hydro-
mechanical units, similar to unit number 4, are planned to be constructed between 2004 and
2007 to provide redundancy. These facilities are not included in the application.
B.2.1 Flows and Energy
The Savannah River near Augusta, Georgia is highly regulated by Savannah District
USACE operations of the upstream Corp's Hartwell, Russell and Thurmond Hydroelectric
Projects. These projects' large reservoir storage capacities, flood control features and
discharge schedules for maximizing electricity production have substantially altered the
Savannah River's flow characteristics. Historic Savannah River peak flow fates measured at
Augusta have ranged from 200,000 to 300,000 CFS. However, since construction of
Thurmond, Hartwell, and Russell Dams, the river's peak flow rate seldom exceed 30,000 to
40,000 CFS. Likewise, flows prior to 1946 varied from the average by a large factor and the
B-4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
median flow is considerably higher after reservoir construction. Seasonal Savannah River
flow distribution also was changed by its impoundment.
Savannah District hydropower projects upstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam are operated
to retain spring runoff and to release water throughout the year. On average, therefore, late
winter and early spring inflows exceed outflows. Accordingly, today's Savannah River flow
rates are more uniform seasonally than they were historically.
Savannah River flow rates at the Augusta Diversion Dam, located at river mile (RM) 207.2,
are governed primarily by daily operations of Thurmond Hydroelectric Project, which is
located at RM 220.9. Because this Corp project is operated to supply electricity during
periods of peak demand, Thurmond Dam discharge flow rates can vary hourly or daily
between 100 and 30,000 CFS. Flow rates at the Augusta Diversion Dam, however, are
considerably steadier, because South Carolina Electric and Gas Company's (SCE&G)
operations of Steven's Creek Hydroelectric Project (FERC License Project No. 2535) serve to
regulate Thurmond Project's discharge variability. Steven's Creek Dam is located at RM
208.1, nine tenths of a mile upstream from the Augusta Diversion Dam, 12.8 miles
downstream of Thurmond Dam. SCE&G operates Steven's Creek Dam to regulate the
variability of US ACE Thurmond Project discharges to within 15 percent of the Thurmond
Project's average daily discharge. There are a number of conditions that exempt Steven's
Creek from its FERC operational conditions (See the Operation Plan Appendix S-12). The
releases from the Steven's Creek Project are received at the Augusta Diversion Dam.
Presently, these flow rates are measured by USGS gauges 02196485 at the Upper and
Lower Augusta Canal (two gauges) and 02196484 at the Augusta Diversion Dam, and at
. USGS 02197000 Savannah River at Augusta, GA (downstream of the project). The records
B-5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
from the USGS gage 02196484 for conditions below 5000 cfs have been questioned as
unreliable by resource agencies during the second stage consultation meetings. On review,
there was some merit to the questions. Consequently, Augusta, with consultation with the
USGS, proposed the use of the Augusta gauge with an adjustment to account for the location
of the Augusta Diversion Dam. NMFS, USF&WS, Ga. DNR and American Rivers, Inc" an
NGO participating, supported this adjustment protocol. The period of record examined
included the years of 1955 to 2000. Flow duration curves for the period of 1953 to 1995 at the
Augusta gauge were presented in the Engineering Report that is appended to this application
and serve as a frame for comparison of the historic record.
Based on this adjusted record, flow duration curves have been computed that reflect the
conditions in the Savannah River just upstream from the Augusta Diversion Dam (total river
flow); and by subtraction of the USGS record, durations curves for the by-pass reach of the
Savannah River have also been estimated.
Duration curves have been computed on a monthly basis.
Combined duration curves for above and below the Augusta Dam are presented first with
individual monthly curves following:
B-6
I
I
Dally Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month - All Months
Calculated Savannah River at the ADD Flow
CY19SS-CY2000
I
20,000
4,000
\'i:~ ' ~
. --~~:~-'~\---;--- ----~--_. - -- --- ._~-- ----- ---- - -:----- --.-- -- -:-- - -- ---- -- - -- - - - -.- -- ---- ---- - - - --- --
',1:: \.:..: ~, ; ; , : , .
---1F;1:>;-,.-.'~:]_::::::::_T::__:r:______::_::---------::::-:--:-: ::-:::::::-:
t:'l:8~~;~~~~;~;t;~i'~~;~~~",I~~":,:.
" , , ..
., " .
" , I "
. , I , I I "
------------r-.---------.,------------,----.-------,-------------,-------------,------ --,---0---------,.------------
. , , ,
" ,
" ,
" ,
18,000
I
16.000
14.000
I
..
f 12,000
o
Ii:
I: 10,000
:
:!;
.i?:' 8,000
;0
o
I
8,000
I
2,000
o
0%
10%
20%
300/0
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Percent of Time Flow Is Mel or Exceeded
I
--+- January
,,- - . August
-II- February ___ Merch -'-G". April - -., -. May - .... - JlK1e
- - , September' - ... - - October - . .. - - November - - . . - December
- ... . July
I
I
Daily Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month - All Months
Calculated Augusta Shoals Flow
CY1955-CY2000
20,000
2,000
,. .
.-----....-;---.--.--...-1.---....----;--....------ ------------:-------------
I ,. ,
, . .
, . .
, . .
- - - . .. . - . -. - ~ -. -. . . - . - . . .
I
18.000
16,000
I
14,000
I
~
i 12,000
o
u::
:; 10,000
..
::l:
.a:- 8,000
;;
o
I
6,000
4,000
I
o
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Percent of Time Flow Is Met or Exceeded
I
---+- January
- -II- . July
_ February
. . August
-+- March __ April
- - - September' . .. . . October
, . ~ . . May - ... . June
. . .. . . November .. * ' . December
I
I
B-7
I
lJ.lnuarv ...1 Dally Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month - January
Calculated Savannah River at the ADD Flow
CY1955.CY2000
20,000
18,000
16,000
14,000
~
~ 12,000
J
0
ii:
c 10,000
~
~
;;; 8.000
..
0
6,000.
4.000
2.000
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 00% 100%
Porcont of Time Flow 'I Mot or Excooded
I~truary ...1 Dally Moan Flow Duration Curvos by Month - February
Calculated Savannah River at the ADD Flow
CY1955.CY2000
20.000 .
18,000
16,000.
14,000 .
~ 12.000
J
0
ii:
c 10,000.
..
~
;;; 8.000
..
0
8,000
4.000
2,000
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40'10 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Porcont of Tbne Flow 15 Mot or Excoodod
I
I
Monthly Charts:
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
B-8
I
I IM"C" ...1
Dally Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month. March
Calculated Savannah River at the ADD Flow
I CY1955.CY2000
20,000
I 18,000
18,000
I 14,000
:!
.!!. 12,000
J
0
ii:
I c 10,000
..
..
::I;
~ 8,000 .
..
c
8,000
I 4,000 '
2,000
I 0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 80% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Percent 0' Time Flow II Mot or ElCceodod
I I.... ...1 Dally Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month. April
Calculatod Savannah River at the ADD Flow
I CY1955.CY2000
20,000
18,000
I 18,000,
14,000
I :!
.!!. 12,000
J
0
ii:
; 10,000
I ;
~ 8,000
..
c
6,000
I 4,000
2,000
I 0,
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Porcont o' Tlmo Flow III Mot or Excoodod
I
I
I
I B-9
I
I I July ...1 Dally Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month. July
Calculated Savannah River at the ADD Flow
I CY1955.CY2000
20,000
I 16,000
10,000
I 14.000.
..
" 12,000 '
~
0
iL
I c 10,000
..
;
~ 6,000
..
Q
6,000
I 4,000
2,000
I 0,
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 60% 90% 100%
Pore.". of TJmo Flow" Mot or Ellcoedod
I IAuq~ ...1 Dally Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month. August
Calculated Savannah River at the ADD Flow
CY1955-CY2000
I 20,000
16,000
I 16.000
14,000
I :; 12.000
~
0
iL
c 10,000
..
I .
:>;
.. 6,000
=
..
Q
6,000
I 4,000
2,000
I 0,
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 60% 90% 100%
Porco". 0' Tlmo Flow I. Mot or Excoodod
I
I
I
B-11
I
I
I I S<pIem.... .1
Dally Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month. September
Calculated Savannah River at the ADD Flow
I CY1955.CY2000
20,000
I 18,000 .
18,000
I 14,000
.:!
u 12,000
.
0
;;:
I c 10,000
..
co
::E
~ 8.000
..
0
I 8,000
4,000
2,000
I 0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 60% 90% 100%
Pereant of limo flow I. Mot or Exc:oodod
I I Octo"" .1 Dally Mean Flow Duration Curves by Monlh . October
Calculated Savannah River at the ADD Flow
I CY1955.CY2000
20,000
I 18,000
16,000
14.000
I ..
u 12,000
.
0
;;:
c 10,000
I ..
;
>- 8,000
=
..
0
8.000
I 4,000
2.000 .
I O.
0% to'll. 20% 30% 40% 50% 00% 70% 60% 90% 100%
Porcont ot Thne Flow I. Mol or Excoedod
I
I
I
I B-12
I
I
IN.......... ..-1 Dally Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month. November
Calculated Savannah River at the ADD Flow
CY1955-C Y2000
20,000
18,000 '
18,000
14,000
~
.!!. 12,000
J
0
u:
c: 10,000
..
;
~ 8,000
..
Q
8,000
4,000
2,000
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 80% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Porcoo. of Tlmo Flow I. Mot or eJeceodod
I December ..-1 Dally Moan Flow Duration Curves by Month. December
Calculated Savannah River at tho ADD Flow
CY1955-CY2000
20,000
18,000
10,000
14,000
..
~ 12,000
J
0
u:
c: 10.000
..
..
::E
~ 8.000
..
Q
0,000
4,000
2,000
0,
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50'10 00% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Porcont 01 Tlmo Flow I. Mot or Excoodod
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Theduration curves for the bypass reach (Augusta Shoals) were computed from the ADD
I
duration curves minus the Augusta Canal Flow (from the USGS records of flow into the
I
Augusta Canal, which is rated by the USGS as having high accuracy.) For periods where
I
B-13
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
there are no USGS records for the Augusta Canal, prorated estimates were compiled on a
proportional basis.
B-14
I
I
JanuOlr)'
I
I
20,000
18,000
16,000
14,000
~
~ 12,000
~
0
ii:
c 10,000
..
..
:::i
'" 8,000
=
..
0
6,000
4,000
2,000
I
I
I
I
I
I
February
I
20,000
18,000
16,000
14,000
..
~ 12,000
~
0
ii:
c 10,000
..
..
:::i
~ 8,000
..
0
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
~
Daily Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month - January
Calculated Augusta Shoals Flow
CY1955.CY2000
, "
. -;" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. . - - - - - - - -:- - -. - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - -. - -. . - r - -..... . - -. - "( - -. -. . . -. - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - .;- - - - - - - - . - - - .
, ,
, '
, '
, , ,
_________ ------.------.----...----.-,-----........r------.-.
, ,
, ,
, , ,
--..----------...,------------.,--..--.-...--
, ,
- - - -. - - . - - - -... - - - - - - - - - - - -. - - - - - - - - - -. -.. . - - -. - . - - ~ - - "'. . - . - . - - -. - - -. - .. - - - - - - - - - -.- - - - - - - - - - - - -
, ' .
, .
, '
, .
, ,
.............1
I
,............1
.....,.......1
I
.--.."..----1
I
I
. --. -- -- -- -- 'I
I
......--.--1
;
I
-- 'I
, '
, . , . . ,
---------,------.------,------..-----,-------------,.------------T----.--------,-------.-----
, ,
, ,
----------.--....-------.--r---
, .,
.......-.---.-...--.-----......------...--..----------..-.--.....-..---,---..--------
. .
, .
, ,
. ,
- -. - -.. - - - -. -:- - - - - - - -- - - - - ~... - ~ - - - - - - - .:- - - - --
, ,
. ,
. ,
, '
, ,
, " ,
- - - - . ~ . - -. - . . . - . . - - ~ . - - - -. - - . . . . .:- - - . - - - - - - - . - ~ . . - - - - - - - - - - -:- - .
, " .
, '
, , ,
, . , ,
--------.---...----...-.----.----..-------.....---.---.---.......
, '
, '
...-....-..-------..-------.--..-.---.-.---.-..,....---
, ' . .
, , ,
. , ,
, ,
, "
. .. .. I . _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ _. _ _'- _ _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _. _ J . _ _. _ . . . .. . .. L . _ _. .. _ _ _ _ _ ..J_. . _
, , , , .
, ,
, '
, ,
, "
. , , , , .
-------.-..--,--------...--.---.----.--......-...-----.,.----------...---------.--,----.--.--
o
0%
70%
90%
100%
60%
80%
30%
40%
50%
10%
20%
Percent of Time Flow Is Met or Exceeded
~
Daily Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month - February
Calculated Augusta Shoals Flow
CY1955-CY2000
, '
, ' '
, . , , , , , ,
. - - - . f - - - . -. . - . - - - .:- - .. - - - - - - - - - ~ - - . . - . . . - . - . - ~ - . . . - - . - . - . . .: - . . . . . . . . . - . . f . - - - - - - . - - . - .:. . . . . - . - - . . . - ~ - . . - - - - - - - - - .
, ,
, ,
, ,
, .
" .
, ,.",
---,....--..----' ..-.,...--------.---------...-1---.-.-...-.-,--.--.------..,-....--------f...-
, '
, ,
. .
.-,....--------.,------
, . ,
- - . -. - - ~ - - - -- - - - - - - - -. -. - . -... - - - . -... -.
, ,
, '
" ...,
- - - ... . - . - . - -:- - - - - - - - - - - -. t . - - - -. - - - - - .. - -. - - - - - - . - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - -. j. - - - - - - . - - - - - .:. - -.. .... - - - .l- - . - - -.. .. - - .;- - . - .. - .. - - - -l- - -. - ... - - - --
" " "
., ,. "
.. " .
, ,.
, "
. "
...-..-..-..-.--..----.-.....----------.---... -..-..--.---------.-----.-.-...-.-------.---..-----------.-..---------.--.------.------
, , ,
, '
. ,
, '
, ".
- - - . . . . . - ~ - . - - - - - - - . - - .:. - - -. - . - . - - - - ~ . - - - - . - . - - . . -:. - - - - - - . - - - - - ~ - - . - - . - - - - . . .
" ,
......-......:...-.--------!--....-------:--------.----{---
, , , ,
, , ,
, , ,
. , ,
, , ,
. , , ,
-----..--.--..----.--........--.-----.......-.-.-.-......--...------...--
, "
, , ,
....-..-.-----------...........-....-----------......----.....
. .
, ,
, '
, , . . . .
. - - -. -.;- - - - - - - - -. . -. ~ - - - - - - - - -. - - -:-.. - . - - - - - - - - ~ - ... - -. . . _. - - ~ - - - - - . - - - -. - ~- - - - -. - - .. . - . . -
. . . .
. , . .
. '
, ,
, . , ,
, , . , , . . , ,
. -.. -. - -.... -.- -. - -- - - - -. - - ~ - - -..... -....,.. - - - - - - . - - - - - . - -. - - - - - - - - - - ~ - -.. . . -... -...-. - -. -.. - - - - -. - - - - . - - - - . - - -,' . - - - - - - . - - -. . - . -.
, I , , . . , , .
, ,.,., .
I ",., ,
, ",.. .
. ,,',' .
I ,,',' ,
0%
20%
30%
60%
100%
70%
eo%
90%
10%
40%
50%
Percent of Time Flow Is Met or Exceeded
B-15
I
I
March
I
I
I
~
~ 12,000
~
o
ii:
c 10,000
..
..
~
~ 6,000
..
o
I
I
I
I
I
April
I
20,000
16,000
I
16,000
14.000
I
~
~ 12,000
~
o
ii:
c 10,000
..
..
~
~ 6,000
co
o
I
I
I
I
I
I
~
Daily Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month - March
Calculated Augusta Shoals Flow
CY1955.CY2000
20,000
I
i
,............1
I
.......--....11
0______------
I
---..,----..,1
i
.. --..I
!
.--'------'--1
." --, -- -- --.1
nnnl
,-- 'I
16,000
, .
- - - - ~ ... - .:-.. ... .. - - - . . ~ - - - - - - - -. . - - - ~. - - . - - - - - . . - -:.... -. - -. -. - -: -. -. -.. - -. - - -:- - - - -. - - - - - - .
, I . , I
. . . .
, . I .
I . . .
. , . I .
. . . , . .
.. -..r . ... - - . -.... ~ - . -. .. - - -. - - - r -. - - . - . - - - - -"'\- -.. .... . . .. . ,_. - . - - - . - - - - -," - - - - - - - - - - - -
16,000
, ,
----..----..........--.---.-----.---..--..----...-.-....----
14,000
----.------------ ------------,------.-
, ,
6,000
, , ,
-------------,----.---...."t-------------,.-----
, "
, , , , ,
----.1--------.---.r........-----,.------------r-------------,----
, ,
------------.------------...-----.------.--.----------..--..--------
, ,
. ,
J. _ _. _......0'. _ . . _.. _ _ . . _. J. . . ~ ~.
, ,
. _.. l. .. . .... . _ _. .'_. _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ J _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _'_ _... . _ _ _ _ _ ~_
. . , .
, , ,
, ,
, ,
- - ~. ~ - - -.. ~. -.. -.... ..... .. ~ ... . - - -. ~ . - - - - - - - ~. - - - - - -
, ,
4,000
, . , , ,
_ _ __ _ ______ ._'. _. _______. ._1 .___. ._. _._ _ .'___.. _ .______ J _____________L___ _______ ..J_._____. _____ ___
, . , , , . .
, , , .
, , . .
, ,
, " ,
, " .
, , . , , . .
- - - -. .,. ~ .... - - - -. -. . . - - - - - - - - - - - -,- - - - - - - - - - - - -, - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - ~. . - - - - .... - -..,- -. -. . -. - - - - -. .-
2,000
o
0%
50''\'
100%
60%
70%
60%
200/,
30%
40%
90%
10%
Percent of Time Flow Is Met or Exceeded
~
Daily Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month - April
Calculated Augusta Shoals Flow
CY1955-CY2000
, , , , , , , , I
' . . , , , . ,
, , . , , , , ,
, . . , , , . ,
, . . . , , . ,
, . . , , , . ,
,., ["""""" .:... -,.".,.. .:.""."'" --:"" --",...:',....... --.. r"'" --,.", T"""""'.:""."..'.. 'I
!,.... -- --,.,'~., --...".,.;.. --,.,.... ._~...""."..~,.......",., i.""""". ':""',.,...,'!"" -.,....,.1
. , ,
_ _ _ _ _ _. _ . _... _ _. _. _. _ _ _ ~ _ 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.._ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _. ~. _. _ ~ _ _ _ _ _. _ _.... _. _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ..... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
, '" ,
. ."
, "
, "
, ,
, ,
. . . . , , .
--*-.-,...----------,---------....r.-----.------...---.-.-.---r-.------.---.,..-.-.-.-.---1--.----.----.
. , , . . , ,
, , ., ,.
, ,. .
, ,
, .
.. , ,
- - . - . - - - . - - - .,. -. - - . -. - -. -. . . - -. - - -- - - - - .. - - - - - - - - ~ - - -. - . - - - - - -. - - -. .. - - -.. . -. - - -..- - - - - - - - - -.. -. ~.. - -. - - - - - - -_. -. - - - - - -. - -. - . - - - - - - - - - - .
, ,
, ,
. . - . . . ~ - . - - . ~.- . - - - . - - - - -. . T. . - --
. ,
6,000
- -. - -~ ~ - -. - - -- --... ~- -. - -.. - - - -. -:-. -- --- - ---- -~ - - - - - -. -. -.. -:- -... -. -..... ~ *..... - -.
" :::: i : II
:::'::::::: ::::..,: :::::':';': :::::: '::::~::.:,::::: -- L __:::: ::::::.:::::::::::;:::::' ---:::: C::::: ::: T::::::::: --; --.. --- -- ----'
, . . , .. .,
.' .,
, ,
, .. .
" ..
. , , , , . . . ,
- -. - . -- - - - - -..,- - -..... - - -. - . . - - - - - - - - - -..,.. . - -. - -. - - -. -,. -. - - - - - ~ - -. -r - - --. -. - - - . -..- - - - - - - - - - - - -. - -. - - - - - - - - -..,.. - - - - - -. - - - - -. .. -. . --
, , . , . , .
, , ,. ..
., ..
" "
, "
, "
4,000
2,000
o
0%
20%
100%
10%
30%
40%
50'10
60%
70%
80%
90%
Percent of Time Flow Is Met or Exceeded
B-16
I
I
I
I
20,000
18,000
16,000
14,000
~
~ 12,000
~
0
II.
C 10,000
..
..
:l:
~ 8,000
..
0
6,000
4,000
2,000
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
20,000
18,000
16,000
14.000
~ 12,000
~
0
ii:
c 10,000
..
..
:l:
'" 8,000
..
0
6.000
4,000
2,000
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Moy
~
Dally Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month - May
Calculated Augusta Shoals Flow
CY 1955-CY2000
. . - ". . - 4 . .. . .:. . . -.. . -. - - - . ~ . . . . . . . . . - -.. ~ - .... . - - - . . - -:. ..... - .' . . - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - -:- . - - - - - - - - - --
" ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, , . ,
--..---,------------.,------------.,--..---------,----------.--
, , ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
-....--------,-------------,-.---
- - . . - - - - -. .. - . - . . - . -.. .. - - - - - - - - . . . - - . - - . -. - - - - - ~ - - -' - - - -. . - -"'.. -.. -.. - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - -.o.. - - - - - - - - - - __
, . ., ,
, , ,
, . ,
, , ,
, , I , I ,
. - - . - - - - - . - - ',' - - -. - - - - - . -. ~. - -. -... -' . - - r - - -. - - - . - . - - -," - -. . - - - - - - .. T - - .. -... . - -. "," - .. - -.. . - -. .
, , , , " I
............ .,. uuuu u,mmurmm"uTTLI
- - - . . -. - . . - -. -. .. - . .. ~..... . . . - - -. ... - - - - - - - - - - - -. - - - - - - . - . - - ...... - - - - -. . . - - --
" ,
, ,
..__.__..__.....___________,_________............____._.J
. . , ,
, , ,
, ,
_.._-'._....._.....1...._____._._..____...__... ............_
, ,
. . . . .
-. . ',' - .. - -. - -. . . -, . - - - - - - - - - - - -r- - - - - - - . -. . . . ~ . . - _. - - .. . - -... . - -..
o
0%
20%
70%
100%
90%
30%
50%
60%
80%
10%
40%
Percent of Time Flow is Met or Exceeded
Juno
~
Daily Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month - June
Calculated Augusta Shoals Flow
CY1955-CY2000
, , ,
. .., ,
- - -;- - - - - - - - - .. . . + - - - - - -. - . . - - -;. . . - - - - - - - - . - ~ -. - - . . . . -.. . - ~ -. . - - - - -. - - . ~- - - -. - . . - . - - - ! - - - - - - - - -. - . -;- - -. - - - -. - -. - ~ - -. - - - - - - - -. .
, . . .,
. . .,
, .
. ,. ,
, ,.. ,
, . , , , . , , ,
-..--,...--.--..---,--..---.-.---,.-.-.--.-.---,---------.-.-r.--.---........-..-.--.....,.-..-..-.----,.------------,-------------
, , ,
, , ,
- .h . _ _ . . _. . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _... . _ . . _ _ _ _. _ _ _ ~. .. . _. . _ ... ... .. ... . _. . . _ _ -'. __
, ,.
, ,
. . , .
-.. .....-------,--------..-..,---..-.--...-,.......-.....r.-....---
. . , .
.--.--------..---1.---.........,--..----.----1-------------
- - - - - - - - . . . - - - - . - -. ... ...... - - - - - - - - - -. - . - - - - -' - -. -. ~ - - - - - - - - - -. - ... - -. -.... - -.. . - - -. -. - -. . -. ..- -. . - -. - - - -. -.. - - - - - - - - - -..
, ., .
, '. .
. .
, ,
, ,
. . '" I
-. . . .t. - - -. -. - - - . - -:- - - .' - . - . . - . . ~. - . - -. . - -. - - - r - -. - - .. - - - - - -:- - - - .. -.. - - -. t.. . . . .... -.. -;... -... - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - --
, ,
, , I ,
___._......._.__.___.1___..________..__._._._____1__.___.____..
, , ,
, ,
..__.__..______......I....._.._____._.___..___._.J__.._._.._._.
. I . I
. . . .
. , . .
, ,
" ,
'" .
. . . I , . , ,
.-.--..........--..-........-..-.-----.-.....-..-------..,-------------,.----------.-...-.-----.-.-.,-------------,--"---'--'--
. ,
, ,
o
0%
10%
20%
30%
60%
70%
40%
50%
80%
90%
100%
Percent of Time Flow Is Met or Exceeded
B-1?
I
I
I
20,000
18,000
16,000
14,000
~
~ 12,000
~
0
ii:
c 10,000
..
..
:::i
~ 8,000
..
0
6,000
4,000
2,000
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
20,000
18,000
16,000
14,000
;;
~ 12,000
~
0
ii:
c 10,000
.
..
::l1
~ 8,000
..
0
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
July
~
Daily Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month. July
Calculated Augusta Shoals Flow
CY1955.CY2000
, .
------------.,.--.-------.'1,-.-
, ,
-........------.....T.........
, ,
.-.......-----......----............---.---......... ----.---- -------------
, I , . , .
------------.,------------.,.--------...-r---.----....",------------.1.----------.-,-------------
. , , .
. . , .
, ,
, ,
---.f----.-......--...-----.................--
, , ,
, , ,
._---;---------_...:-------------;.._---
....-------..,.......----...--...........,......-.....-
, , ,
, ,
__...,J___...______.>__..._.______'_________.___
, ,
, ,
-------..----,---------.--'T-.-.-
o
0%
30%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
10%
40%
50%
20%
Percent of Time Flow Is Met or Exceeded
August
~
Daily Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month. August
Calculated Augusta Shoals Flow
CY1955.CY2000
_.... _ ___:._".. _... _.. _! __ _. __ _ _~ __ ~ .;_. _ __ _ _ ~___ _ _~~ _ ..~ _ _ .~_.:____. ___ _ _ _._ ~~_... _.. ..__ _:__~ _ _._ ..___J_____._ ~~~_._
. .. ..,
. . ' .
, ,
, ,
.. .,
. . . . . . .
. - --. -. -... - ~I...-'.." -.. .,.. -- -.- --... .~.. -.. -. .....,. -.... -......, ... -- - ..- ._~...-..~ ... ...- -- ,~~. -~..- - ~--~... t-. ----.------
, ,
. - . . - . . -.. - . - - - - - - - - . -. - - - -..; -.. - - - - -'- - - -. - ~ - - - - -.. - - - - -. - --
, "
, ,
...---...-.--.-.------.---..-.------,----------.......-...-.----
" ,
, . , . . . .
- . - . - . ~,- ~ - . . - ~ - ~ . ~ - . T - . . . - . . - . - - - . " - - - - - . - . - . - . ~ . - - . ~ .. ~ - - - - r - . . - - . - - - - . - ',' - ~ . . - - - ~ - ~ ~ - T - - ~ - ~ . - - . - -
6,000
+ -. ~ -.. -~ -. -. - - - ~ ~....~ ~ - - - ~ - -. -.. ~..... - -. - - -.. -- - - - - - -... ---. -- - -.- -. -. -. - - - - - - - -. - - -~... -. - - --- - - - ~ ~. ~ - ~ - ~ - ~ -~ _._-
. . . I
, '
. '
, '
. . . . I . . I .
- - -:- - - - . - - - . . - - . ~ ~ - - - . . . . - . . . . i- . . . . - - . . . . . . ~ . . . . -. . . . . - - - ; - - - . . - . - - - - - -: - - . - - . - - - - . . . t - - . . - . . . - - - . .:- . ~ . . - ~.. . ~ . - t - - - - - - - - - - - - -
, .. I ,..
. ., , .
, "
" ,
-.---......-....................-..........-......-..-...-..............-..-..-.................---...........-.----.-
, , ,
4,000
, ,
. ~ ~ - I .. . _ _. _ . ... _.... . . . _ _ . _ .. _ _. . _..
, , ,
, .
. - - . . .. . . . - ~. . . - . . . ~ - - - - . I . . ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _,_ . . . . _ _. _ ~ _ _ ~ I _ . . . . . . . . _ . . .
, , ,
, ,
2,000
. , ,
- - - - ..... ~... .. -. - . . -. - - -. - -. - . - - - ..,.. - - - - - . -.. -. - . - .
, , ,
, ,
, , ,
- ~. ~ ~. ~ - . ~ ~ - ',- . . -. ~ - - ~ .. - ~. ~ ~ ~ - - - . . - . - ..,... - - . - - - .
, , ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
o
0%
70%
800/.
90',.
100%
30%
40%
50%
60%
100/.
20%
Percenl of Time Flow Is Met or Exceeded
B-18
I
I
September
I
20,000
18.000
16,000
14,000
~
~ 12,000
~
0
ii:
c 10.000
..
..
~
~ 8.000
..
0
6,000
4,000
2,000
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
October
I
20.000
18.000
16.000
14 ,000
..
~ 12,000
~
0
ii:
c 10,000
..
..
:::i
~ 8,000
..
0
6,000
4.000
2,000
0
0%
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-
.
~
Daily Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month - September
Calculated Augusta Shoals Flow
CY1955.CY2000
I
------------'1
I
,------ ----,---- ,--I
!
!
.. ..
. . . . . , , .
.. ..____....,....____..__..___...._____..______.......J.............L___________..,__.......__...__._..............0______
, . . . . , . .
. . , , . .
. . , , .
, , . , .
" ,
, .,., .
. . . , . , . .
.........,.......-----.,--.........--...............,--.--....--..r...........................,.---.........."----
. ,
, ,
......---'....--.--.--..--.........-...---.--......-.---.---....-.-.-,
. I , .
. , . .
, "
, ,
I
-- -- 'i
I
-- ---, -- -- -- 'I
I
________.____1
I
-- --.. ---..--I
i
I
'.::--:----'"
-- -- ..I
I
I
. I , .
.....--..---.....----.,....--.......,.......------1
. "
, "
. "
, ,
. ,
---.--.......--....-,.....--...
. - _... __ - _. __ - - - - _. _.. - _. - _.. _... _... - - 0_' _ _ _. _0' _. _ _ _ _. _ _.. _ _. _ _....
, , , , ,
. ,
..... ~+...."""""" -... -. -. - .,-
, , ,
. , ,
..........._....__...1._....__._.._._____..__._...l........_.
. , , ,
. , ,
. , ,
, , .
, , ,
__.._......_.._.J....
, ,
.. .
., ,.
.. +"." _.. -. +........ - - - - - - -. -'. - - - -' -- -.. -... - -. - -. -. - - - -~.. -.... - -. - - -. -.. -. - - - -... .,.............
" ,
" ,
, .
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
-----..----.-.----.--_.__..1._.___-----.-,..-...
, , ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
..__._.1_...._-..----..---......-..
, ,
, ,
. ,
, , , , .
.-..--..------.--.-.-.-.-.--..--.-....-.......-.........-......,....-...........-
o
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
800/,
90%
100%
Percent of Time Flow Is Met or Exceeded
~
Daily Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month - October
Calculated Augusta Shoals Flow
CY1955.CY2000
. , , : , i
. . ; . . . . . - . . - - - . .:-. - - - - . - - . . - - ~ . - . . . - . . - . - - - ~ - - . - - . . . . - . ..; - . . . - . . . - . - . - ~ . . . . . - - . . . . . .:. . . - . . . . . - . . - ~ . - . - . . - - - . . - .(
. , ,. . .
, . ,. . ,
, , ,
, ,
.. ,
.. . -. - -:- - - - . . - - - - - . . ; .... ,j. ... . .. .;... . . . . ... - -. . ~ - - - - - - - - - - -. - ~. . - - - . . . - . - . .:- . - - - -. - - - - - - ;. -
, ,
, .
-.........,.........-.--,--....-------
, .
" ,
---.......-.-.--..---....-..,.--....-.........--.-................-....-............-..-....-.--..........-..--..-....---..-.-..-------
. , , . . . , , .
,. . . .,
, , ,
, ,
. .
, . . , . . ,
. - - -,--- - -. - -- -..., - .---.. -.--- '..-" ....- -.. -,-... -... --.. .r........ - .-. -.""-' ---- -. -,-.. -... -..- ..-... --- -- '1'
. . . . . ,
, . . .
. . . .
, , ,
, , ,
. . . .. ..
. -4_' _. _ _ _.'.' _.... _ _ ~_ _. __ _'._ _...... _ _........ _.............. _.... _ _......... _. _. __. _ _ _ _ _ _ _. _... _.. _.. _ _.. _.. _ _.... _ _.. _.
. '"
, ,.
, , .
-- -- -- -- --. i"". -- --" --i" -- "-- --- -- r --.. ---.... ['''''' ---.. --:....."......;....... -- -- --i' -- -- -- ---. --1-- --,.. -- ----I
. . ..; . . . . . . . - - . - . -:. . . . . . - - - - . . . ~ - - - - . - . - . . . . . ~ - - - . . - - . - . - - .:. - . - - . . - . - . . . : - . . . . . . - - - - . .:. . - . - . . . . - . - - ; - - - - . . - - . . - . -
, " .
..__.J._...........l___...___.__..._.__..._.....I.._...__.....'.._
, , .
, ,
, ,
, ,
. . , , . , .
--.y--.-..-.-........---..-.--..--........-........................-.......--...-....-.,..--.--...
, , ,
, .
, ,
, ,
, ,
. ,
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Percent of Time Flow Is Met or Exceeded
B-19
I
I
I
20,000
18,000
16,000
14,000
..
~ 12,000
~
0
ii:
c 10,000
..
..
::!E
~ 8,000
..
0
6,000
4,000
2,000
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
..
~ 12,000
~
o
ii:
c 10,000
..
..
::!E
~ 8,000
..
o
I
I
I
I
I
I
November
~
Daily Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month. November
Calculated Augusta Shoals Flow
CY 1955-CY2000
, ,
_ . 1 . .. _;. . ~. ~ ... ,'P. .. . _ _ _ _.. _ J . _. _ _ _ . _. . _ _ t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ p', . . _ . _
" .,
.' .,
,- ..---------,-------.----
, , ,
, , ,
,...----.o---.t--.-------............-.--- ,----------
I
....'........J
I
I
J
HJ
.............1
..,..------..1
___ __ .i
I
.. __ , __ , .. ...i
I
I
....'''...'--1
I
.. ---" --- -- ,I
I
i
--......, --I
I
, ,
, , .
..--r------------.,--------.....\--...--
, ,
, ,
..---r.------------,-.-----
- - ... . - - - -. - - - - - . ~. . . .. . -. . . - -. . - .. . - - . . - - - - "'. . . - - - -. - - - - . . - . - . - - - - - - . - .'. . . -. . - - -
. , ,
, ,
.....,---..-----..-.-..
-----..---.-...-.---..-.------..--...------------.- ----.....,.-.-----..---
, ,
. ,
, ,
.. . ,
- - . - ; - - - -;. - - - - - - - -;- - - . - . - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - . - . - . - - -;. . .. . . -. - - . - - .:- . - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - -. - - - - - - - - - - - . - - . - - --
, ,
, , ,
_..___,...___.......J.............l...
, ,
.. ~ -. . .'. - - -. - - - . -. -. . . - - - ~ - _. - -. ~ ..... . - . - .
, ..,
, ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
, ,
, , ,
-.---.-----.., .......-.,.....----.--......-.......................
, ,
.........-...--------...-..-..
o
0%
20%
30%
50%
60%
10%
40%
Percent of Time Flow Is Met or Exceeded
Oecember
~
Daily Mean Flow Duration Curves by Month. December
Calculated Augusta Shoals Flow
CY1955-CY2000
20,000
, ,
.........._'....__.......1.
, ,
, ,
, ,
..-....---....--.----.-
18,000
, ,
.._._..,_..._......._l____.___.___.,_.._....._._.J__.__....__..l.
. . . . ,
, .
16,000
, , , . .
... .,. -.. - -. . . . - -., - - - - ~ - -. - - - - ',.. . . . . . -. .. -. , . . - . . . -. - .. - . r .
, ,. ,
. .. ,
, ,
..... -...... - - _..~.. - -. - -.. -. -.. -- -- -- - -- - -. -'-....
, , ,
.--;---.----..---
14,000
, .
, , ,
. . , , .
...--,-..-.-..-..--.------.---.-.,......--...-.,......'-'-.--,-'--
,. "
" ,.
. "
, ,
70%
80%
90%
100".
, ,
. . .. . ~. - -.- -. . . - - - . - - . . .
----..,..1
I
-- 'j
, ,
--.-..-.,----.--..--.-.-.-...-
_ . . _ _.. _ . _ . _ .... ~. . . _ _ _ _. . . _ . .. . . . .. _.. ... . . .. . . _ _ . . . . _ . '0- .... '. _ _.. _ . . _. _ . ... _ .. _ _ .
,. ,
" .
" ,
" ,
" ,
, ,
6,000
. . J . . _ . . . _ _ _ . _ _ _ ~ . _ . . . _ _ _ _ . . . .'. .. . . . . . . _ _ _ _ J . _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ . '. . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . ~ J
, , , . , ,
, .,.
, , ,
, "
, ,
4,000
. _ _ _ 4... ... . _ . ~ ~ ~ _'- ~ .. . . _ . _
, ,
, ,
, ,
__ .............l....._..._.._..._._____..._J_._.__..._+
, , ,
, ,
, . , , . . , ,
- - . -. - -. -.. - ...,-' - - - - - -. - - - ~. - -. -. . . -... - .,... .. . - -. . . -. . . - - -. . ~. -. -. . ~ - . - -. - - - - - -....- -. - - - - - - . -. - I - -- - - - - - - - - - -,- . - . - - - - .. - - .
. , ,
2,000
o
0%
30%
60%
10%
20%
40%
50".
Percent of Time Flow Is Met or Exceeded
B-20
70%
80%
90'10
100%
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The best indicators of existing and future Savannah River flow rates at the Augusta Diversion
Dam are as follows.
. The USACE Water Control Plan for the Savannah River Basin Multiple Purpose Projects
(USACE 1996). This plan provides monthly average Thurmond Project inflow and
discharge data for the period of record since this project's construction. In addition, this
plan includes protocols for project operations during periods of flooding, high-flows,
normal-flows, low-flows, drought and extreme drought conditions.
. FERC 1996 Order modifying and approving operating plan, Project No. 2353-018 which
is directed to regulating Thurmond Project discharges, such that flows released to the
Augusta Diversion Dam are within 15 percent of the daily average.
. Combined flow records from USGS gauge numbers 02196484, 02196485 and the adjusted
flow record from USGS gauge number 02197000 (at Augusta) for the period of record
from water years 1955 to 2000. These records offer the most detailed information about
Savannah River flow regimes near Augusta, Georgia.
B-21
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
.
.
B.2.2 Area-Capacity Curve
The Augusta Diversion Dam Impoundment extends upstream approximately nine tenths of
a mile from the Augusta Diversion Dam to SCE&G's Steven's Creek Dam. The
impoundment's surface area is 190 acres. The impoundment is a run of the river type
diversion. There is no usable storage associated with the impoundment created by the ADD,
The ADD is a broad crested weir dam of 1,500 feet in length and eleven feet in height. The
Augusta Canal head gates are described in Exhibit F and contain nine gates. Because of the
physical characteristics ofthe dam and head gates, once the gates are set for a flow, changes
in river flow have little effect on the quantity of water diverted into the canal and any changes
in flow occur in the shoals.
B.2.3 Hydraulic Capacity
The Augusta Canal's maximum flow capacity is approximately 6,900 CFS. Sibley, King
and Enterprise mills' hydraulic capacities are 1,024, 881, and 560 CFS, respectively.
Projected year 2035 maximum water usage rates for the Augusta, Georgia raw water pump
station Hydromechanical equipment are 1628 CFS, During the last twenty years,
approximately 2,500 CFS has been the average Augusta Canal flow rate. This flow has varied
in accordance with the seasonal demand for water for the water system and the number of
hydroelectric users operational. The seasonal demand trend is shown on Figure 2 of the
Engineering Study Report and also the revised Augusta Canal Operations Plan (Appendices
S-ll and revised S-12).
B.2.4 Tailwater Conditions
The tailwaters of the hydroelectric projects at Sibley, King and Enterprise mills are located
at the upper reaches of the USACE's New Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam's pool. This dam,
-
-
B-22
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
located at RM 187.4, is approximately twelve and one-half miles downstream of Enterprise
Mill's tailrace discharge into Hawks Gully, which discharges into the Savannah River.
Enterprise Mill is the furthermost downstream of all Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
tailraces. USACE operation of New Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam maintains a navigation
pool to above Augusta (but below the Augusta shoals). This dam's pool, which encompasses
the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project's users' tailraces, has a relatively steady elevation of
approximately 116 feet above MSL.
B.2.5 Plant Capability Versus Head,Curve
Available heads for Sibley, King and Enterprise mills' operations are very stable at 33, 32.8
and 30 feet, respectively. For information concerning Sibley, King and Enterprise mills'
power plant capabilities with respect to elevation head, please refer to FERC license numbers
P-5044, P-9988 and P-2935, respectively.
B.3 Utilization of Generated Electric Power
Power generated by Sibley, King and Enterprise mills, as conditioned by their respective
agreements for delivery of water through the Augusta Canal, is utilized for their business
operations and supports the viability of those mills and their existence. Surplus power is sold
to the Georgia Power Co. by Enterprise Mill.
BA Future Development Plans
The Mayor and Commissioners of Augusta, Georgia, as a public entity entrusted with
responsibilities to manage public resources for the benefit of the public, has adopted a set of
Goals for the utilization of the Augusta Canal and the Savannah River. The Goals are
presented in Section B5. In recognition of the competing interests that exist for use ofthe
B-23
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-
resources of the Savannah River, no plans exist for any further development of hydroelectric
power in the Augusta Canal system.
B.5 Stated Goals of the governing Mayor and Commission of Augusta, Georgia
The Following Is A STATEMENT OF THE GOALS Adopted By The Augusta - Richmond
County Commission To Describe The Manner In Which The Augusta Canal Power Project
Would Develop, Conserve, And Utilize, In The Public Interest, The Water Resources Of The
Savannah River:
In order to create the best possible balance of water uses and to fully utilize the water
resources, Augusta-Richmond County proposes to consider the following multiple resource
uses:
. Drinking water source for the metropolitan population
. Hydro-mechanical power source to pump raw water to treatment plants
. Enhancement of Savannah River fisheries for commercial species
. Continuation of existing industrial power generation and utilization for the benefit of the
area
. Maintenance or improvement of the natural ecosystem for the benefit of resident species
of animals and plants thereby increasing the use of the Augusta Canal, the Savannah River
and its environs as educational sites
. Protection and maintenance of properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places
. Maintenance of the visual aesthetics of the area
. Continuation of public access to regionally important resources of this National Heritage
Area
B-24
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
.
. Enhancement of game fishing access for public recreation fishing
. Continued operation of the Augusta Canal to prevent overflowing and flooding of adjacent
properties
. Accommodation of water based recreational sports within safety bounds,
. If surplus power exists, after accommodation of the other uses of the water resources, any
surplus power will be used to the benefit of the public.
B-25
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
EXHIBIT C: CONSTRUCTION HISTORY AND
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
Table of Contents
C.1 Construction History ...................................................................... ........................ ...... 1
C.1.1 Historical Synopsis.. .... ................ .................................. ........................................ 1
C.1.2 Chronological History ..................................... ...................................................... 2
1845 - 1847: First Level Canal...... ...................... .......................... ............................ 2
1849 - 1851: Second and Third Levels ...................................................................... 2
1856: Canal Improvements........................................ ................................................... 3
1860: Water Supply From First Level.......................................................................... 3
1871 - 1875: Major Enlargement................................................................................. 3
1880: Tin House Gates ..........................:......................................................................3
1898: Raw Water Pumping Station .............................................................................. 3
1910: Thirteenth Street Headgates Rebuilt.................... ............................................... 4
1914: Bulkhead Gates at Lake Olmstead..................................................................... 4
June 24, 1929: FPC License - Project 746-GA ............................................................ 4
1934 - 1941: WPA Revitalization Project ..................................................................5
1939: Hydro Power Upgrade ........................................................................................5
1945: Reed Creek Waste Gate .............. ..................................................................... ... 5
1952: Additional Raw Water Pumping......................................................... ................ 6
1969-1970: FPC License for Augusta Canal Project No, 2598..................................6
1974: Raw Water Pumping Station Addition ............................................................... 6
1979: Headgate Modernization....................... ,... ,........................................... ..... ........ 7
C.2 Construction Schedule .................................. ......'.......................,......... .... ...... .,. '" ....... 7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
EXHIBIT C: CONSTRUCTION mSTORY AND
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
C.l Construction History
C.l.l Historical Synopsis
Since its original construction and subsequent enlargement, the Augusta Canal has
played a significant role in the economic development of the City of Augusta, providing
not only waterpower and transportation but providing a source of drinking water as well.
When completed in 1847, the canal consisted of the seven (7) mile long first level with a
cross section forty (40) feet wide and five (5) feet deep; a wing dam and headgates and
lock. Water from the first level flowed directly into the third level and out Hawks Gully
to the Savannah River. Completion of the second and third levels in 1851 increased the
canal to approximately nine (9) miles in length. In 1856 and 1857 the canal was partially
enlarged to meet increased demand for water. The wing dam (diversion dam) was
extended across the Savannah to the South Carolina shore. The canal bank was raised to
accommodate the increased water supply, which increased the canal's depth to seven (7)
feet. An enlargement of the first level, begun in 1872 and completed in 1875, increased
the canal to a minimum width of one hundred and fifty (150) feet at the water's surface
and a depth of eleven (11) feet. Construction of new and larger headgates, lock and dam
was also completed in 1875.
C-l
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Historians relate that by the 1880's the canal supplied water to power eight (8)
textile mills, three (3) of which still operate hydroelectric generating facilities today. By
1892, water use from the canal had increased to the point that approximately 7,780
horsepower was being developed from the first level and 1,150 horsepower from the
second level of the canal. The history of the canal's development in more recent years
can be gleaned from the chronological presentation, which follows. A history of the
Augusta Canal was first compiled by Mr. Robert L. Spude in 1977 to support inclusion in
the National Register and credit is given to Mr. Spude and the Historic American
Engineering Record of the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service for some of the
facts reported here,
C.1.2 Chronological History
A chronological history of the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project's development
follows. Many project features described in this timeline are still in use.
1845 - 1847: First Level Canal
Construction of the seven (7) mile long first level of the canal included a wing
dam with head gates and a lock.
1849 - 1851: Second and Third Levels
Water use from the second and third levels of the cana110wered the operating
depth of water in the first level, which required enlargement of the first level to a depth of
seven (7) feet and an extension of the wing dam.
C-2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1856: Canal Improvements
The diversion dam was extended across the river, the second and third levels were
completed, Rae's Creek aqueduct with floodgates was constructed and the canal banks
were raised to accommodate the increased water depth of seven (7) feet.
1860: Water Supply From First Level
The beginning of the present water supply system was established in 1860 when
water, taken from the first level of canal, was pumped into the distribution system.
Sedimentation basins were used but the water was not filtered.
1871 - 1875: Major Enlargement
The enlargement of the first level canal to a width of one hundred and fifty (150)
feet and a depth of eleven (11) feet required new and larger headgates with lock facilities
and additional work on the diversion dam. During this period, Rae's Creek aqueduct was
closed and Olmstead Lake was created by construction of a dam and spillway. The
original Long Gate Spillway and Weigle's Gate were probably constructed during this
period.
1880: Tin House Gates
On or about this date, the Tin House Gates were constructed to serve the
Shamrock Mill.
1898: Raw Water Pumping Station
When the first level canal became: polluted, a new hydro mechanical turbine (two
twin opposed horizontal Francis wheels) powered water pumping station was constructed
(existing intake units No.2 and No.3) at its present site to pump raw water to a new
C-3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
reservoir and filtration plant (7 MOD capacity) on Highland Avenue. Additions and
modifications to the raw water pumping station included new steam driven pumps in
1909 capable of pumping from the Savannah River, which were later abandoned in favor
of electric motor driven centrifugal pumps,
1910: Thirteenth Street Headgates Rebuilt
\
After flood damage in 1908, the present gate structures were built for improved
flow regulation in the three canal levels.
1914: Bulkhead Gates at Lake Olmstead
These gates were constructed in 1914 and later renovated in 1940.
June 24, 1929: FPC License - Project 746-GA
On this date, the Federal power Commission (FPC) grated a license for a minor
part of a power project designated as Project No. 746 for the purpose of authorizing the
construction, operation and maintenance of "an addition to the existing rubble masonry
dam to increase its height approximately eighteen (18) inches; said dam, which is 1,666
feet long and about ten (10) feet high, is located in and across the Savannah River, about
seven and one half (7Y:z) miles above the City of Augusta". The construction increased
the height of the diversion dam to approximately 11 Y:z feet.
This license for a fifty year period expired June 24, 1979.
C-4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1934 - 1941: WP A Revitalization Project
During this period when the Works Progress Administration supplied the labor
and much of the funds, significant improvements to the canal were accomplished. In
addition to rebuilding much of the canal bank, the following significant improvements
were accomplished:
1939: Rock Creek Waste Gate Constructed
1940: Long Gate Spillway Replacement Structure Constructed
1940: Bulkhead Gates at Lake Olmstead Renovated
1941: WP A Emergency Spillway Partially Constructed
1939: Hydro Power Upgrade
At 41 years of age, the hydro-mechanical turbines and pumps for units No.2 and
No.3 were replaced with new similar units. The new units have a capacity of 9 MGD
each.
1945: Reed Creek Waste Gate
The original canal construction included timber framed aqueducts passing over
the streambeds of Rae's and Reed Creek. These wooden structures soon began to lean
and collapse. In 1848, the Reed Creek aqueduct was torn down; the canal bank was
rebuilt as a dam and the creek drained directly into the canal. In 1945, the Reed Creek
Waste Gate was constructed and in 1950 improvements to this gate were made.
C-5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1952: Additional Raw Water Pumping
Another hydro mechanical turbine powered centrifugal pumping facility with
intake, penstock and tailrace was added at the Raw Water Pumping Station (unit No.1).
The twin runner horizontal shaft Francis turbine has a horsepower rating of 1650 and the
centrifugal pump has a capacity of20.2 MGD.
1969-1970: FPC License for Augusta Canal Project No. 2598
Based on an application filed June 6, 1966, the Federal Power Commission issued
an order on December 22, 1969, granting a license for ,the Augusta Canal Project jointly
to the City Council of Augusta and the Georgia Power Company. The proposed project
would have limited the use of the canal water to the generation of 12 megawatts of
electricity by the power company's new generating facility and the City's continued use
for raw water pumping requirements. After a hearing before the FPC on February 3,
1970, a final date of June 20, 1970 was set for acceptance of the license. An updated
economic analysis of the benefits of the canal to the City with and without the proposed
power project led City officials to deny acceptance of the joint license. Minor Part
License No. 746-Ga, which would have been surrendered upon issuance and acceptance
of License No. 2598, thus remained in effect.
1974: Raw Water Pumping Station Addition
A fourth intake and hydro mechanical turbine powered pumping facility with a
capacity of 30 MGD and a diesel engine powered standby unit with a 20 MGD capacity
were added.
C-6.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1979: Headgate Modernization
This modernization program replaced eight of the wooden gates with four steel
gates; the remaining nine gates were renovated with the new wood gates and electric
operators were installed.
C.2 Construction Schedule
New construction is inapplicable to this application, because it proposes licensing the
existing Augusta Canal Hydropower Project.
C-7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
EXHIBIT D: COSTS AND FINANCING
Table of Contents
D.1 Original Costs..... ............................................ ............................................................. 1
D .1.1 Land and Water R.ights ....... ......................... .......,............................................ ..... 2
D.1.2 Existing Structures and Facilities... ....................... ........ ..... ..... ......... ... ..,..... .......... 4
D.2 Takeover Costs.......... ... ........ ,.,... .... ..... ....... ,.. .... ,........ '. ,....... ..... ... ..... .... ......, ............ .... 4
D.3 New Development Costs. ...... .... .............,...........,. '...,........... ..... ......... ,.....,...... ...... ....... 6
D.4 Average Annual Cost of Total Proposed Project......................................................... 7
D .4.1 Capital Costs..........................................................................................,.............. 8
D .4,2 Taxes..,...........".........."............,.........,...,....,..".".....,......,...........,.............,.........,. 8
D.4.3 Amortization Costs... ................................................,........................................... 8
D.4.4 Operation and Maintenance Expenses ..................................................................9
D.S Annual Value of Project Power ................................................................................. 12
D.6 Sources and Extent of Financing ............................................................................... 12
List of Tables
Table 1: Timeline/Cost of Land and Water R.ights Acquisitions for Augusta Canal
Operation......................... ........................"............ ..........,.......,....,...............,.,............,....... 3
Table 2: Cost of Existing Structures... ... ............................................................................. S
Table 3: Administrative Costs of Augusta Canal Operations & Maintenance .................10
Table 4: Annual Costs of Operating and Maintaining the Augusta Canal....................... 12
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
EXHIBIT D: COSTS AND FINANCING
D.I Original Costs
A review of historical records provided reasonably complete information about
the costs for early Augusta Canal development. These records do not include land and
construction costs; rather, they identify these costs in terms of bond issues. By 1856, the
City Council of Augusta had issued bonds for over a half-million dollars to support
Augusta Canal development. In 1845 and 1847, bonds were issued for $100,000 and
$40,000, respectively, to complete the Augusta Canal's first level. Six (6) more bond
issues followed for completing the second and third-level canals and building an
aqueduct and wing dam extension. Including interest, these bond issues totaled
$555,580. The City Council of Augusta, representing the Augusta Canal Company,
administered these funds by purchasing land and issuing construction contracts. In turn,
the President of the Augusta Canal Company's Board of Managers, by official action
taken July 6, 1876, conveyed all property and appurtenances of the Canal to the City
Council of Augusta. This municipality has operated the Augusta Canal until 1996. In
1996 the municipal entity Augusta, Georgia was formed when the City Council of
Augusta and Richmond County, Georgia were consolidated by Act of the Georgia
General Assembly.
D-1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
D.1.1 Land and Water Rights'
Table 1 shows a summary of available historic data about acquisitions of land and
water rights associated with development of the Augusta Canal. Actual purchase prices
of most lands adjoining the Augusta Canal are unknown, because land and construction
costs were quantified cumulatively in terms of early bond issues.
D-2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Table 1: Timeline/Cost of Land and Water Rights Acquisitions for Augusta Canal
Operation
Year
Cost **
1843-1845
Land or Water llights Purchased
The first-level Augusta Canal right-of-way, which extended
between the diversion dam and 13th Street
headgates............ ..
The Steven's Park area of Columbia County, GA..................
*
$ 1,000
1843-1848 The second-level Augusta Canal's right-of-way..... ................ *
The third-level Augusta Canal's right-of-way..,..... ......,......... *
Two (2) acres of Edge field County, SC land opposite the
diversion dam's north end........... ........................ ......... .... $ 200
Rights for raising the diversion dam's height from nine to
eleven feet, and constructing an abutment for it on the SC shore $ 500
Savannah River islands located upstream of the diversion dam;
.3.36 acres of Edgefield County, SC land to accommodate an
enlarged diversion dam abutment; flowage rights for lands
affected by raising the diversion dam's height to 11'............... $ 10,000
* no record of cost * * co?ts shown are costs at the time of the transaction
1856
1873
1901
Water rights for operating and maintaining the Augusta Canal are vested primarily in .
Georgia lands, which border the Savannah River. However, certain South Carolina lands
and flowage rights pertain to Augusta Canal operation. The City Council of Augusta
acquired these lands, and associated water rights, by fee-simple purchases. A transcript
ofa Warranty Deed dated March 19, 1901, which conveyed 3.36 acres ofland, certain
islands, and flowage rights is included with this exhibit as Appendix Dl. No state agency
in Georgia has jurisdiction over the applicant's acquisition of land and water rights.
D.3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
D.1.2 Existing Structures and Facilities
Table 2 lists principal Augusta Canal structures, including costs and dates of
construction. Table 2 also lists costs and construction date estimates, where records were
not available, for some of these structures. Only the latest costs and construction dates
are listed for structures that have been replaced. Parenthetical elements included in Table
2 refer to records of costs/financing for corresponding structures or facilities. These
references are identified in table 2 by a legend.
D.2 Takeover Costs
Because applicant, Augusta, Georgia, is a municipality, Federal Power Act
Section 14, which regards takeover costs, is non-applicable.
D-4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Year
Table 2: Cost of Existing Structures
1845
1847
1851-
1856
1871-
1875
1880
1910
1929
1939
1939
1940
1940
1940
1950
1952
1974
1979
Operation/Structure
The Augusta Diversion Dam, head gates and lock and the
first -I evel Augusta Canal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . , .,. . . . . . . , , . . , . . . . . . .
Completion of the first-level Augusta Canal........ .. .. .. .... . ....
finish the 2nd & 3rd level canals; increase the ls'-level canal's
depth to 7 feet; extend the diversion dam across the Savannah
River; build Rae's Creek Aqueduct; install flood gates...... ....
Enlarge the ls'-level canal by widening it, such that its water's
surface elevation width was 150'; increase the 1 51-level
canal's cross-sectional depth to 11'; construct a new diversion
dam, lock and headgates; dam Rae's Creek.......................
Install Tin House Gates........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . ...
Rebuild 13th Street head gates. .. . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . ..
Construct concrete cap for diversion dam...,....,.................
Rock Creek waste gate improvements. .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . , .. .. . . . ....
Add 2,9 MGD turbines/pumps to raw water pumping station
Replace Long gate Spillway.. .. . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. ."
Improve Bulkhead Gates............,................................
WP A Spillway partially built...... ... ......... ... ......... ... ... .. ..
Improve Reed Creek waste gate..... .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. . ..
Add 20 MGD turbine pump to raw water pumping station......
Add 30 MGD turbine pump and 20 MGD diesel pump to raw
water pumping station............... .......,.......,..... ... ~.........
Headgate modernization..........................,... ,...,.'.,.......
D-5
Cost
$ 144,000 (a)
$ 68,000 (b)
$ 553,580 (c)
$ 972,883 (d)
$ 25,000 (e)
$ 75,000 (e)
$ 30,000 (e)
$ 50,000 (e)
$ 100,000 (e)
$ 150,000 (e)
$ 300,000 (e)
$ 100,000 (e)
$ 150,000 (e)
$ 500,000 (e)
$ 1,729,052 (d)
$ 1,200,000 (f)
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
"a"
"b"
"e"
"d"
"e"
"f'
Legend for Table 2 .
The letter refers to records of a $100,000 principal bond issue and $44,000 of
associated interest payments.
The letter refers to records of a $40,000 principal bond issue and $28,000 of
associated interest payments.
The letter also refers to records of a principal bond issue and interest payments.
The letter refers to construction cost records.
The letter refers to Zimmerman, Evans and Leopold, Inc., Consulting
Engineer's 1982 cost estimates.
The letter refers to Augusta, Georgia's of approximate costs from City
Engineer records.
D.3 New Development Costs
Augusta, Georgia's application for licensing its operation of the Augusta Canal
pertains to this canal's service of delivery of motive water to the Sibley, King and
Enterprise mills. These mills are the only existing, or proposed, hydroelectric projects
operating on the Augusta Canal; and they are independent FERC licensees. Accordingly,
there are no new development costs.
At present, the City pays for no water rights or downstream benefits. Records
indicate that in June 1962, the Federal Power Commission rendered a decision (Docket
No. E-6468) on the past annual charges to be paid by the Stevens Creek Project for
storage benefits from Clark Hill (now Thurmond) Reservoir. Incidental to and as a part
of that decision, the Commission staff found "no increase in the amount of water diverted
into the City's canal after regulation was provided by the Clark Hill Project". "---- the
Staff concluded that there were no benefits to the City of Augusta". Accordingly, no
annual charges for downstream benefits have been included as costs for this project. If
applicable, such charges will be included at a later date
D-6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
D.4 Average Annual Cost of Total Proposed Project
The Augusta Canal's participation as a hydroelectric, FERC licensed project is
essentially that of a delivery vehicle. The only hydroelectric projects operating on the
Augusta Canal are Sibley, King and Enterprise mills, which are independent FERC
licensees. Accordingly, Augusta, Georgia's annual Augusta Canal costs pertain only to
its operation and maintenance. These costs are di~cussed in article D.4.4, and they are
listed in Tables 3 and 4.
D-?
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
D.4.1 Capital Costs
There are no capital costs associated with the project. Costs of operating and
maintaining the Augusta Canal are met using ongoing revenues that Augusta, Georgia
receives from its water customers.
D.4.2 Taxes
Augusta, Georgia annually has paid tax on land it owns in Edgefield County,
South Carolina. This land accommodates the Augusta Diversion Dam's eastern
Savannah River shore abutment. Presently no taxes are paid in lieu of water supply
charges for water taken by Edgefield County from the Augusta pool. Because sixty-
percent of Augusta Canal flows are used for hydroelectric generation, $2,700 of this
value is considered an expense of operating and maintajning the Augusta Canal for
hydroelectric purposes.
D.4.3 Amortization Costs
Non-applicable (See Article DA.1)
D-8
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
DAA Operation and Maintenance Expenses
Augusta, Georgia incurs administrative costs for licensure and devising revised
operations and maintenance protocols to address FERC licensing consequences.
Requirements pertaining to natural resource agency concerns regarding effects of canal
operation on the ecology of associated river bypasses are costly. These costs total
$1,547,000,00. Taken over the 30-year term of the FERC license for which this
application makes notice, and co~sidering a federal discount interest rate of ~ 1.5%, these
costs are equivalent to annual payments of approximately $60,000.00. Current
administrative costs of operating and maintaining the Augusta Canal are summarized in
Table 3.
D-9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I.
I
I
Table 3: Administrative Costs of Augusta Canal Operations & Maintenance
Item/Service
Cost ($)
License Application Preparation; General Consulting Services and
Agency Meetings..................,...,...,..,................. ................... ....
Preliminary permit applications 11510 &11810....... .....................
Applicant prepared environmental assessment process....................
Exhibit E Preparation..,.......................................................
T otallicense preparation expenses... . . . . . , . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Additional Engineering Services
Engineering study. ,. ... .. .. .. .. . ... ...... . .. ... ..... .... ............ " .... ...
Water resources.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Fishery resources.,...,...............,.......................................
Wildlife & botanical resources........ .... .. .. .. ,. .,.......... .. ...........
Protected species... , , ,. . '. , ... ,. ... ..... . ,., ...... ..,...". ... .'. ... ,... .. ...
Recreational resources,.,...........................,.,.....,....... .........
Land management & aesthetic resources........... ,.......... . ... , .. ....
Cultural resources...,...................,...,............................. ...
Canal operations plan... ... ,................ ........ .......... ..... .........
Total Additional Engineering Services Cost.. . .. . .. ...... .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ...
Legal and fiscal services,....................,........,.,..............,.............
General expenses. , . . . , , . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . '. . . . . . . ..
Total administrative costs of operations & maintenance...... .............
Annual administrative costs of operations & maintenance............ ....
D.10
95,000
31,000
142,000
50,000
318,000
42,000
32,000
766,000
39,000
26,000
43,000
26,000
40,000
65,000
1,079,000
50,000
100,000
1,547,000
90,000
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Until now, $90,000 has been budgeted arumally by Augusta, Georgia for
operation and maintenance of the Augusta Canal. Augusta, Georgia's raw water pump
station staff conducts these activities for implementation of new operations and
maintenance protocols, which were identified by services listed in Table 3, three
employees must be added to this staff. Annual salaries of $25,000 have been estimated
for each of these new employees. Inclusion of these salaries raises Augusta, Georgia's
annual budget for operating and maintaining the Augusta Canal to $165,000.
Furthermore, it is foreseeable that new equipment, including an automated gate
operations system and fish passage devices, may be needed during the term of a FERC
license for which this application makes notice. Additional annual expenses for
operating and maintaining this equipment are estimated at $100,000. Estimated annual
costs of Augusta Canal operation and maintenance activities are summarized in Table 4.
Annual costs of Augusta Canal operation and maintenance activities, including
administrative expenses, total $357,700.
D.11
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Table 4: Annual Costs of Operating and Maintaining the Augusta Canal
Item
Flow Monitoring.....,...........................".............,.........".......,....
Three (3) new Augusta, GA employees......................................
Automated Gate Operations System and fish passage devices....,.......
Replacement Parts...... ..........,..........,.....................,............",....
Vehicle............,...,.......,.....................,.,... ,........,......."..... ,.,.....
Small EquipmentlUniforms.....................:................................,....
Land Tax...... . . . . . .:. . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . , . , . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . ...
Total Annual Augusta Canal Operations & Maintenance Cost.............
D.5 Annual Value of Project Power
Cost ($)
20,000
75,000.
100,000
50,000
10,000
10,000
2,700
267,700
Only the Sibley, King and Enterprise mills generate electricity using Augusta
Canal flows; and these mills are independent FERC licensees. Accordingly, the Augusta
Canal has no hydroelectric power value to Augusta, Georgia. Augusta receives payment
for delivery of waterpower to its industrial customers based on its contracts for delivery
with those customers. See Exhibit B.1.1.
D.6 Sources and Extent .of Financing
Costs of operating and maintaining the Augusta Canal that are not met by water
use payments received from Sibley, King and Enterprise mills are met using ongoing
revenues that Augusta, Georgia receives from its water system operation.
0-12
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
EXHIBIT E:
E.1 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The following Executive Summary contains a summary of the reports included in
Augusta's Exhibit E,
The Augusta Canal has been woven into the economic fabric of Augusta since its
inception, in 1845. The Canal was originally built for three purposes: transportation,
water power, and public water supply. Two of those original purposes, water power and
public water supply, have been maintained to present times. The use of the Canal
provides many socioeconomic benefits to the citizens of Augusta including hydroelectric
operations, hydropower/raw water, and funding for activities of the Augusta Canal
Authority (Canal Authority),
Three hydroelectric operations licensed by the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission operate on the Augusta Canal. These facilities include Sibley Mill (FERC
Project No. 5044), King Mill (FERC Project No. 9988), and Enterprise Mill (FERC
Project No. 2935). Sibley Mill and King Mill are industrial textile operations that depend
on hydroelectric operations to maintain their economic viability, thereby preserving over
400 jobs and the related secondary economic benefits to the community. Enterprise Mill
is operated as a mixed use development.
The Augusta Utilities Department uses hydro-mechanical power from the
Augusta Canal to pump raw water from the Canal to the Highland Avenue Water
Treatment Plant for treatment and delivery to its citizens, industries, institutions and other
water consumers. This historic and current use has allowed Augusta to cost-effectively
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
pump raw water, thereby allowing for competitive municipal water rates attractive to
industry and businesses.
Additionally, the Canal Authority derives revenues, through Augusta, from
hydroelectric operations at the three mills. Those revenues are used to obtain matching
federal funds, and together the funds are used to implement the measures for land
management, appropriate development, historic preservation, and recreational
enhancements outlined in the Augusta Canal Master Plan, These measures will
significantly increase the access to and value of the Augusta Canal as a recreational and
educational site, thereby benefiting the local economy,
Historic Context
The Augusta Canal is the central historic element of the Augusta Canal and
Historic District National Historic Landmark (National Historic Landmark), which was
so designated by the National Park Service (NPS) in 1977, Virtually the entire Augusta
Canal Hydropower Project (ACHP or Project) is contained within the National Historic
Landmark boundary, and many components of the ACHP, such as the Augusta Diversion
Dam, the Augusta Diversion Dam Impoundment, and the Canal Headgates, are
contributing elements of the National Historic Landmark. Contributing elements to the
National Historic Landmark also include facilities outside the ACHP boundary, such as
Sibley Mill, King Mill, and Enterprise Mill. The National Historic Landmark designation
recognized the historic, industrial, and engineering significance of the Augusta Canal.
The Augusta Canal was also designated as a National Heritage Area (NHA) by
the United States Congress in 1996, forming a cooperative partnership between the NPS
and the Canal Authority. The NPS and the Canal Authority partnership works to blend
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
education, cultural conservation, resource protection, recreation, and community
revitalization.
The continued operation of the Canal for two of its original purposes, raw water
supplied by hydro-mechanical power and hydroelectric production for industry, is a key
component of the National Heritage Area's mission. In essence, these continued
operations serve an educational purpose while preserving a continuing link between
Augusta's past and present. Additional detail regarding historic resources at the ACHP is
provided in Section E.4, below, and in Appendix S-9.
Savannah River Flows
The general flow regime of the Savannah River at the Augusta Diversion Dam is
largely determined by upstream reservoir operations managed by the USACE and by the
Stevens Creek Project operated by South Carolina Electric and Gas Company (SCE&G).
Flow management for the Augusta Canal and the Augusta Shoals is essentially dependent
upon the amount of flow released at the USACE's Thurmond Dam, located
approximately 14 river miles upstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam, and by
re-regu1ation of those flows by the Stevens Creek Project, approximately one river mile
upstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam. The Augusta Diversion Dam Impoundment is
operated as a run of the river reservoir and has no storage capacity.
Average daily releases from Thurmond Dam are planned on a week-to-week basis
and are determined by reservoir levels, hydrologic forecasts, power generation needs and
sales agreements, facilities maintenance, and other factors, Flow releases from the
Thurmond project are highly variable on an hourly basis because the project is operated
primarily to supply electricity during peak demand periods. Releases from the Thurmond
3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
project can vary from less than 100 cfs (estimated leakage) to over 30,000 cfs on an
hourly basis, and there are typically one or two periods of generation per day on
weekdays.
The highly variable flow releases from the Thurmond project are re-regulated in
part by the SCE&G Stevens Creek project. The Stevens Creek project is operated to
target a hourly flow release within plus Qr minus 15 percent of the daily average release
predicted for Thumlond Dam and to build storage through the week to ensure steady
releases through the weekend. Re-regulation of flow provided by the Stevens Creek
project contributes to the somewhat more uniform flows at the Augusta Diversion Dam
than would otherwise occur. Additional detail regarding flows in the Savannah River and
Augusta Canal is provided in Exhibit B, Exhibit E - Section 2, and Appendices S-l, S-6,
S-7, and S-12.
Water Use and Quality
Water quality in the SavaImah River and Augusta Canal is generally good as
evidenced by their use as a source of drinking water. A recurring issue is seasonally low
levels of dissolved oxygen in the Savannah River downstream of the U.S, Army Corps of
Engineers' (USACE) Thurmond Dam. The low levels of dissolved oxygen are caused by
hypolimnetic releases from Thurmond Dam, but the USACE is in the process of
installing new turbines that may reduce or eliminate the situation.
Augusta is proposing a flow management plan for the Augusta Shoals which is
designed to provide adequate protection for aquatic resources in the Augusta Shoals. The
plan will significantly enhance existing conditions in the Shoals, because there currently
is no flow management plan in place.
4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Fish, Wildlife, and Botanical Resources
The Augusta Canaland vicinity contain habitats that support a variety offish,
wildlife and plant species. The Augusta Shoals is a unique aquatic habitat, especially for
species such as the anadromous American shad, which seeks swift flows, shallow water,
and coarse substrates when spawning. The generally undeveloped nature of much of the
lands along the upper portion of the Augusta Canal provides habitat for many wildlife
species. No adverse effects to federally-listed threatened or endangered species are
anticipated to result from operation of the Project.
The Applicant proposes several measures to protect or enhance fish and aquatic
resources. These measures include:
. installation of upstream fish passage facilities,
· installation of downstream fish protection,
. the flow management plan introduced above,
· increased monitoring of the populations of the federal species of concern,
rocky shoals spider lily, and
· alteration of the schedule for Canal drawdowns for maintenance to protect fish
in the Augusta Canal.
Wildlife habitats and botanical features are not and will not be adversely affected by
operation of the Project.
Historic and Archeological Resources
The Augusta Canal is the central element of the Augusta Canal and Historic
District National Historic Landmark, which was designated by the National Park Service
in 1977. The Augusta Diversion Dam and the Canal Headgates, key features of the
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project, are contributing elements to the National Historic
Landmark. Additionally, the Augusta Canal was designated as a National Heritage Area
5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
by Congress in 1996, forming a partnership between the National Park Service and the
Augusta Canal Authority, an independent entity created by the Georgia General
Assembly, charged with management ofthe lands surrounding the Canal. A variety of
significant archeological sites also occur in the vicinity of the Project.
The Applicant has developed several measures to protect historic and
archeological resources in consultation with the Georgia Department of Natural
Resources-Historic Preservation Division. Within the Project boundary, the Applicant
..,
proposes to have an archeologist monitor excavation activities in the Canal and Canal
berms in connection with the installation of a new raw water intake, intake sluiceways,
and a new water main. Outside of the Project, the Appl icant will coordinate with the
Historic Preservation Division regarding exterior architecture of its new water pumping
station and will perform a data recovery in impacted portions of a significant
archeological site adjacent to the Project.
Recreation and Land Management
The Augusta Canal Authority effectively manages the Project area and much of
the adjoining lands, including recreation, access improvements, and land development, in
coordination with local, state, and federal government agencies, and it has developed a
comprehensive plan, the Augusta Canal Master Plan, in consultation with these agencies
and the public. The practical result of this process is that recreation and land
management are already well provided for. Local govemments also have a variety of
ordinances and regulations in place that limit development and preserve natural areas and
habitats. These ordinances include protective buffer measures for the Savannah River
6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
and a greenspace program which has placed many significant land areas surrounding the
Canal and Augusta Shoals into a permanent conservation easement.
E.l GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT LOCALE
Project Overview
The ACHP consists of the Augusta Diversion Dam, the Augusta Diversion Dam
Impoundment, and the first level of the Augusta Canal (refer to Exhibits F and G for
Project drawings), The Augusta Diversion Dam diverts water into the Augusta Canal
from the Savannah River, which forml> the border between Georgia and South Carolina in
the Project area, The reach of the Savannah River between the Augusta Diversion Dam
and the Raw Water Pumping Station is known as the Augusta Shoals and also is referred
to as the "bypass reach." Augusta returns water to the Savannah River via its
hydropower facilities at the Raw Water Pumping Station. The Project vicinity is located
within a four-county region: Richmond and Columbia Counties, Georgia, and Edgefield
and Aiken Counties, South Carolina.
The Applicant proposes generally to operate the ACHP as it is currently operated,
The new facilities at the Raw Water Pumping Station, which are located outside the
Project boundary (except for the new intakes at the junction of the Canal, the new
sluiceways, and the new raw water main), will provide redundancy for equipment no
longer capable of operating at full capacity, moderately upgrade system capacity, and
modernize the status of the existing equipment. The existing buildings and equipment
will be relegated to a reserve role. Hydromechanical power produced at the Raw Water
Pumping Station is used to pump raw water for municipal use. No electricity is
7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
produced, Additional descriptions of the Project and operations are discussed in Exhibits
A, B, and E of this license application.
Climate
The Augusta area experiences a mild climate characterized by hot, humid
summers and short, mild winters, Annual temperatures include an average high of760
Fahrenheit (F) and an average low of 520 F. The last spring freeze typically occurs in
mid to late March followed by the first fall freeze in late October to mid November
(Georgia State Climate Office 2002).
AJIDUal precipitation for the Augusta area averaged approximately 45 inches in
the period from 1961 to 1990 (Georgia State Climate Office 2002). Rainfall is relatively
well distributed throughout the year, although slightly more rainfall typically occurs from
January through August and somewhat dryer periods occur in September through
November. Snowfall in the Augusta area is rare, but is most common in February.
Topography
The Augusta Canal parallels a reach of the Savannah River that flows over a
geologic demarcation known as the "fall line." The fall line marks an overlap between
piedmont crystalline rocks and sedimentary coastal plain formations. Within this
overlap, the Savannah River charu1el has a steep gradient forming a series of rocky
shoals. Flows impounded by the Augusta Diversion Dam are passed into these shoals
through Bull Sluice (located just downstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam) and the
upper rapids. The Savannah River channel descends 52 feet in elevation between the
Augusta Diversion Dam and the pool formed by the next impoundment located
downstream, New Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam.
8
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
On the Augusta Canal's western side, lands in Columbia County, Georgia slope
steeply to moderately steeply toward the Canal's upper reaches and the Augusta
Diversion Dam Impoundment. On the Savannah River's eastern bank, lands in Edgefield
County, South Carolina slope steeply toward the River's bypass reach and Steven's
Creek Dam, with a relatively gradual slope toward the Augusta Diversion Dam
Impoundment between those points, Downstream, lands in Aiken County, South
Carolina form ridges that slope moderately to very steeply toward the Augusta Shoals,
forming bluffs in many places. Within ACHP boundaries, lands are steep between the
Augusta Diversion Dam and the Raw Water Pumping Station, particularly along the
Canal's eastern bank. Elsewhere within ACHP boundaries, lands have a slight gradient.
The Project boundary and topographical features are depicted in Exhibit G.
Wetlands
A variety of wetland types occur within the Project area and include emergent,
shrub/scrub, and forested wetlands. Wetland areas are numerous along the upper portion
of the western side of the Augusta Canal, but are less common along other portions of the
Canal and adjacent to the Augusta Shoals. The locations of these areas and more detailed
information regarding wetlands in the Project vicinity are included in Section 2.3 of the
Wildlife and Botany Resource Study Report (Appendix S-3),
Vegetative Cover and Land Development
A variety of vegetative types, terrestrial habitats, and land development types
exist in the Project area, including hardwood forests, pine stands, pasture/maintained
areas, and wetlands. Developed areas including residences, industry, municipal facilities,
and commercial property also occur in or immediately adjacent to the Project area,
9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
especially along the southern portions of the Project boundary. The Augusta, Georgia
metropolitan area is the dominant influence upon land use and habitat availability in the
Project area. Detailed descriptions of botanical features and land cover are included in
the Wildlife and Botany Resource Reports (Appendix S-3) and the Recreation, Land
Management, and Aesthetics Resource Report (Appendix S- 1 0).
In general, the forested portions of the Project area consist of bottomland and
riparian species such as river birch, water oak, sycamore and red maple, with several
isolated areas of bald cypress. Also present in the area is a mixed hardwood forest
considered within the bluff community type, including red mulberry, sweetgum, yellow
poplar, and various oaks and hickories. The mixed hardwood forest may include
American holly and hophornbeam in more xeric areas and ironwood, sugarberry, and
swamp chestnut oak in mesic to wet areas.
Lands within and near the ACHP fall under the jurisdiction of a variety of
governmental agencies involved with land use planning and management. Federal, state,
and local governments are involved with land management resource issues, and each
level of government influences land development and management through
implementation of a number of laws and regulations. In addition, the Augusta Canal
Authority, an independent entity created by the Georgia General Assembly and charged
with management ofthe lands and recreation surrounding the Augusta Canal, actively
participates in planning and management activities within the Project boundary. The
Canal Authority, in consultation with the National Park Service, the State of Georgia, and
the public, developed the Augusta Canal Master Plan, which guides development of lands
within and adjacent to the ACHP boundary. The practical result of the ACHP's location
10
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
in this setting is that land use management is already well developed via existing,
effective programs. These programs, including Augusta's Greenspace program, also act
to preserve vegetated areas and natural settings.
Population Size and Density
The population size and density of the Augusta metropolitan area are described in
Table E.1-1. The four counties in the region experienced a combined growth rate of
approximately 15.5 percent from 1990 to 2000 (V.S, Census Bureau 2002). Richmond
County (Augusta) is the most populous and most densely populated County in the region.
Table E.1-1 Population in the Augusta Area (U.S. Census Bureau 2002)
County/State 2000 Population Area (square miles) Population Density
(per square mile)
Richmond/Georgia 199,775 324 616.6
Columbia/Georgia 89,288 290 307.9
Aiken/South Carolina 142,552 1,073 132.9
EdgefieldlSouth 24,595 502 49.0
Carolina
Total 456,210 2,189 208.4
Lands near the northwestern part of the Augusta Canal are relatively sparsely populated.
In the vicinity of the upper two-thirds of the Augusta Canal, estimated population
densities range from 35 to 64 persons per square mile. Population density increases in
the area near the southwest part of the Augusta Canal, near urban Augusta.
11
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Floodplain and Flood Events
Most lands of the ACHP lie outside the lOa-year floodplain, The toe of the
eastern side of the Canal embankment is within the floodplain from elevations 141' mean
sea level (MSL) to 156' MSL. The lOa-year floodplain elevation at the Augusta Raw
Water Pumping Station is 140,5' MSL. Appendix E.6 contains the Federal Emergency
Management Agency flood insurance rate maps for the Project area.
Flood events are relatively rare in the Savannah River near Augusta and in the
Augusta Canal due to the highly managed nature of the systems, The U.S, Army Corps
of Engineers (USACE) operates a series of reservoirs located on the Savannah River
upstream of Augusta and its management objectives include flood control. The Augusta
Canal is operated in a precise manner to coordinate inflow and outflow, thereby avoiding
flooding of Augusta's business and medical district. The Canal also has several
emergency spillways that aid in flood control. Refer to the Canal Operations Plan
(Appendix S-12) for more information regarding flood control mechanisms in the
Augusta Canal.
12
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
E.2 REPORT ON \V A TER USE AND QUALITY
INTRODUCTION
The Augusta Canal has provided a source of raw water and hydropower to pump
raw water for the City of Augusta for over 100 years. The Canal has provided a reliable
and cost-effective means of supplying water to the City, its citizens, and businesses. The
use of Canal waters to provide cost-effective hydroelectricity to two currently operating
textile mills (Sibley Mill and King Mill) and a former mill now operating as a mixed-use
development (Enterprise Mill) has been a key component of maintaining industry,
employment, and historic preservation in the downtown area.
This report discusses:
. consumptive use of waters in the area near the Augusta Canal Hydropower
Project (ACHP or Project);
. the potential for Project-related impacts to water quality;
. a proposed flow management plan;
. measures to protect water quality; and
· changes in project operation that would positively affect flows in the Augusta
Shoals,
The report was prepared in consultation with the state and Federal resource agencies
responsible for water quality management in the Project area (see Appendix E.2 for
documentation of consultation). For additional detailed information regarding water use
and quality, please refer to the Resource Reports for Water Use and Quality (Appendix
S-l) and the Savannah River Instream Flow Study (SRIFS, Appendices S-6 and S-7)
appended to this application,
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
There are a variety of consumptive uses of the Savannah River near Augusta. The
users include industrial and municipal entities, including the Augusta Utilities
Department, which provides the drinking water for Augusta, Many of the same industrial
and municipal entities withdrawing water also have permitted discharges into the
Savannah River, with many being located downstream of the Augusta Shoals.
Water quality in the Savannah River and the Augusta Canal is generally good as
evidenced by their use as sources of drinking water in the Augusta metropolitan area,
including Augusta, Columbia County, Edgefield County and North Augusta. Dissolved
oxygen levels in the Savannah River downstream of the U,S. Army Corps of Engineers'
(USACE's) Thurmond project are a notable exception to the good water quality in the
area. Hypolimnetic discharges from Thurmond Dam (located approximately ] 4 river
miles upstream of the ACHP) are often below state standards for dissolved oxygen during
the warm season, but these low levels of dissolved oxygen typically recover to acceptable
levels in the area near the ACHP. The USACE is in the process of installing autoventing
turbines at Thurmond Dam in an attempt to increase levels of dissolved oxygen in the
discharge (refer to Appendix S-l for more detail), The ACHP has no adverse effect on
general water quality in the project area, nor on dissolved oxygen.
The Applicant proposes a flow management plan for the Augusta Shoals. The
Augusta Shoals is a unique aquatic habitat important to many resident and anadromous
fish. This proposal represents a new and substantial protection, mitigation and
enhancement (PME) measure for the aquatic species using the Augusta Shoals, since no
flow management currently exists under the present operation of the CanaL
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
E.2.i CONSUMPTIVE USES
Both Georgia and South Carolina allow withdrawal or diversion of Savannah
River waters for municipal, industrial and agricultural uses, However, the two states
have different permitting reporting requirements. The Environmental Protection Division
(EPD) of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GDNR) requires permitting as
well as reporting for withdrawals averaging more than 0.1 million gallons per day (mgd).
The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) does
not require permits for withdrawal, diversion or impoundment of surface water, but
reporting is required for water use in excess of 0.1 mgd, Table E.2-1 lists ACHP area
facilities that withdraw more than 1,0 mgd of Savannah River water. Withdrawal
facilities such as those operated by City of North Augusta, PCS Nitrogen, DSM
Chemicals, Peridot Chemicals, and Kimberly Clark Corporation are located downstream
of the Augusta Shoals. Refer to Appendix S-l for more detailed information regarding
consumptive uses in the Project area.
3
I
Exhibit E
I
I
Table E.2-1 Permitted Savannah River Water Withdrawals in the ACHP Area (GDNR 200 I and SCDHEC 1997)
Daily Monthly
Facility Name County/State Source Withdrawal, Withdrawal
Maximum Average
(mgd) (mgd)
Augusta-Richmond County Water Richmond/ GA Augusta 60.00 37.3
System, Augusta, Georgia Canal
Columbia County Water System ColumbialGA Stevens Creek 30.00 ]5.00
Reservoir
Edgefield County Water & Sewer Edgefield!SC Savannah 3.79*
Authority, Edgefield County, SC River
City of North Augusta Water System AikenlSC Savannah 2.43*
Aiken County, SC River
DSM Chemicals Augusta, Inc Richmond! GA Savannah 8.20 6.80
River
Martin Marietta Aggregates, Augusta Richmond! GA Sump pit 3.30 1.20
Quarry
PCS Nitrogen Fertilizer, L.P. Richmond/ GA Savannah 21.60 ]0.80
River
Peri dot Chemicals Richmond! GA Savannah 5.65 5.30
River
Kimberly-C]ark Corp- Beech Island Aiken/SC Savannah 7.20*
Mi\I River
* South Carolina facilities report actual withdrawal rates
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
As Table E.2-1 indicates, the greatest use of Savannah River water is public water
supply. This use is expected to increase as the population of the Augusta metropolitan
area continues to grow. Before the City of Augusta and Richmond County were
consolidated to form Augusta, Georgia, the State of Georgia requested that Richmond
County reduce its demand upon the Tuscaloosa aquifer. At the time, this aquifer was
Richmond County's only raw water source, To reduce demand on the Tuscaloosa
aquifer, Augusta's water needs must be supplied from the Savannah River.
Agricultural water demand varies according to acreage irrigated, crop patterns,
climatic conditions, soil type and market conditions, The greatest agricultural Savannah
River water demands exist in the central Savannah River basin, just downstream of the
ACHP.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Augusta Water Withdrawals
Withdrawal of water from the Augusta Canal at Augusta's Raw Water Pumping
Station was at a maximum of 38 mgd and an average of 28 mgd in the five years
preceding 1998. Please refer to the Engineering Study Report appended to this
application (Appendix S-ll) for more information on the Augusta Water System's water
use. The EPD permit for the Raw Water Pumping Station allows maximum daily
withdrawals of 60 mgd, As a result of consolidation of the County water system and the
former City of Augusta water system following the consolidation of the City and County
in 1996, the Augusta Raw Water Pumping Station currently withdraws a maximum of 50
mgd. TI1is water is processed at the Highland Avenue water treatment plant for urban lIse.
Three well fields provide water for suburban use, This water is drawn from the
Tuscaloosa Aquifer at maximum rates of 18.4 mgd. An additional raw water pumping
station is currently being constructed on the Savannah River near Horse Creek to supply
water to a new water treatment plant, also under construction, at an initial capacity of 15
mgd. The withdrawal point is located on the Savannah River downstream from the end
of the Augusta Canal and therefore would not affect flows in the Augusta Shoals. These
new surface water facilities will allow Augusta to reduce its groundwater use to a
maximum of 10 mgd, as directed by the EPD.
The projected maximum daily water demand for Augusta in the year 2015 is 92
mgd (Augusta, Georgia Utilities Department "Comprehensive Water System Study")
(ZEL Engineers, 1998). Augusta plans to meet this demand with 60 mgd of Savannah
River water from the Canal, 15-22 mgd from the Savannah River near Horse Creek, and a
maximum of 10 mgd groundwater from the Tuscaloosa Aquifer. To minimize
5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
groundwater consumption or replace it in emergencies, Augusta anticipates maximum
combined Savannah River water withdrawals of up to 82 mgd in the year 2015.
E.2.ii EXISTING WATER QUALITY
The water quality of the Savannah River near Augusta is good, and with some
exceptions, the River supports its designated uses, One recurring water quality issue in
the Savannah River is seasonal low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) resulting
from hypolimnetic discharges at the USACE's Thurmond Dam. Although low DO
conditions extend for several river miles downstream of Thurmond Dam, the DO
concentrations recover to levels meeting state standards by the time they reach the
. Stevens Creek project tailrace, the Augusta Diyersion Dam (ADD)/ Augusta Canal
Headgates, and the Augusta Shoals (refer to Appendix S-l). The USACE is currently in
the process of installing autoventing turbines at Thurmond Dam, which are anticipated to
increase DO in its discharge, Preliminary testing of the first installed turbine indicated
good results, and installation of all seven turbines is anticipated by 2006 (USACE 2002).
The water quality of the Augusta Canal is good, as evidenced by its designation
and use as the primary drinking water source for Augusta. At the request of the resource
agencies, Augusta performed an evaluation of DO in the Savannah River and related
potential impacts resulting from operation of the Augusta Canal. The results of the
evaluation indicated that DO concentrations were not decreased by Canal operations and
that state standards were consistently met in the Savannah River both upstream and
downstream of the Raw Water Pumping Station tailrace. Please refer to the Resource
Study Report on Water Use and Quality (Appendix S-l) appended to this Application for
additional information regarding consumptive uses of water and water quality.
6
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
I
I
I
I
Permitted Discharges
The EPD and SCDHEC permit point source discharges of treated wastewater.
Two types of point source discharges affect Savannah River water quality in the Augusta
Canal area. These are treated wastewater, which is discharged at fairly constant rates,
and storm sewer discharge. These discharges are regulated under the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Since Augusta is the only municipality in the
area populated by over 100,000 people, Augusta is the only entity in the area required to
obtain an NPDES permit for its storm sewer system.
The NPDES permit program serves to monitor and enforce compliance with
permit limitations. Effluent limitations are set in accordance with designated waterway
usage. Georgia and South Carolina designate the Savannah River as a raw water source
for potable water supply, Water Quality Standards for surface waters are shown on Table
E.2-2. Permitted municipal and industrial discharges in the area near the ACHP larger
than 1.0 mgd are listed in Table E.2-3, Total numbers of point-source discharges in the
Middle Savannah River Basin are listed in Table E.2-4.
I
I
I
I
I
I
Table E.2-2 Georgia Instream Water Quality Standards for Surface Water Used for Potable Water Supply'
(GDNR 2001)
Fecal Colifonn Bacteria D,O,' PH Temperature~
30-day Daily Max Rise
Geometric Max. Min Above Max
Use Mean Avg. Ambient
(no.! I OOml) (mg/I) (OF)
Nov-April-
Drinking 1,000 Nov-April 5,0 4,0 6.0- 8.5 5 90
Water May-Oct- 4,000
200
In addition to these basic water quality standards, GA has adopted all EP A numeric standards for toxic
substances.
· Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen (0,0.) standards are for streams that support warm-water fishes,
I
I
I
7
I
I
I,
I
1
I
I
1
I
I
1
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
South Carolina Freshwater Quality Standards (SCOBEC 1998)
Items Standards
Garbage, cinders, ashes, oil, sludge or other refuse None
Treated or toxic wastes, deleterious substances, None, either alone or in sufficient concentration
colored or other wastes within other substances or wastes to make waters
unsuitable from primary contact recreation or other
designated use, as per SC waterway classification
Toxic pollutants EPA National Ambient Toxins Criteria (33 USC
Section 1317, subpart (a), as referenced in
SCOHEC Regulations 6 I -68, E-] I and E-l2.
D.O. I) Daily A vg. greater than or equal 5 mg/I; and 2)
Minimum 4.0 mgll
Fecal Coliform Bacteria I) Geometric mean of less than 200/(100 ml) for 5
samples from any 30-day period; and 2) no more
than 10% of samples from any 30-day period
exceeding 400/(1 00 m])
PB 6.0- 8.5
Temperature I) Ambient temperature change less than or equal
5P; and 2) Maximum temperature less than 90 OF,
8
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Table E.2-3 ACHP Area Permitted Municipal and Industrial Discharges Over] .0 MGD
(GDNR2001 &. SCDHEC ]997)
Facility Name County/ST NPDES# Receiving Pennitted
Water Flow (MGD)
Municipal Facilities
Columbia County Little River WPCP Columbia/GA 0047775 Savannah R. 1.50
Columbia County Crawford Creek WPCP Columbia/GA 0031984 Crawford Ck. 1.50
Columbia County Reed Creek WPCP Columbia/GA 0031992 Reed Creek. 4.60
Augusta-
lB. Messerly WPCP (AG) Richmond/GA 0037261 Butler Creek. 46.10
Aiken Public Sewer Authority Horse
Creek Aiken/SC 0024457 Savannah R. 26.00
Industrial Facilities
DSM Chemicals Augusta, Ine Augusta- 002160 Savannah R
-
Richmond/GA
Kimberly Clark Corp Aiken/SC 0000582 Savannah R 6.46
SCE&G Urquhart Station Aiken/SC 0000574 Savannah R No limit
Table E.2-4 Total Numbers of Point-source Discharges in the Middle Savannah River Basin (HUC
03060106); i.e., from USACE Thurmond Dam to Screven Co, GA Brier Creek (From GDNR 2001,
SCDHEC ] 997)
State Major Municipal Major Industrial Minor Public Minor Private &. Total
Facilities &. Federal Facilities Industrial Facilities
Facilities
Georgia 5 5 6 12 28
South Carolina 2 5 2 ]9 28
Total 7 10 8 31 56
The largest Augusta area discharge originates from Augusta's lB. Messerly
Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP). This discharge flows into the Savannah River
via Butler Creek, approximately 17 river miles downstream of the southernmost ACHP
boundary. Discharges from the Columbia County (Georgia) Reed Creek WPCP flow into
the Augusta Canal approximately 2.75 miles upstream of the Augusta Raw Water
Pumping Station intakes. Discharges from the Aiken County (South Carolina) Public
Sewer Authority Horse Creek facility enter the Savannah River approximately 7 miles
downstream from the southernmost ACHP boundary. Kimberly Clark, an industrial
I
I
9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
producer of paper products, discharges to the Savannah River approximately 11 miles
downstream of the southernmost ACHP boundary.
E.2.iii MINIMUM FLO\VS
This section provides an overview of a proposed flow management plan for the
Augusta Canal and Augusta Shoals. This includes a review of the hydrologic setting of
the Savannah River near Augusta, fishery resources and habitats, the SRlFS,
development of supporting teclmical memoranda, and the Applicant's proposed flow
management plan. Additional discussion and detail regarding instream flows are
provided in the SRIFS (Appendix S-7). Management and implementation details are
provided in the Canal Operations Plan (Appendix S-12).
Because there is no flow management under current operations, the proposed flow
management plan represents a new and substantial PME measure for the aquatic species
using the Augusta Shoals. The Aquatic Base Flow levels proposed for the Augusta
Shoals are based on relevant biological considerations, recreational boat passage
consideration, and the results of the SRIFS. Because Savannah River flows are variable
and diversions to the Augusta Canal are relatively constant, the actual flow in the
Augusta Shoals will often exceed the specified Aquatic Base Flow levels.
Hydrology of the Savannah River
The hydrology of the Savannah River has been greatly altered by the constmction
and operation of numerous dams in the upper portion of the River basin. There is
currently no established minimum flow at either the Thurmond or Stevens Creek projects.
The USACE's Thurmond Dam's typical daily releases range from approximately 100 cfs
(estimated leakage) to 30,000 cfs, depending primarily on peaking hydroelectric
10
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
production and flood control. These highly variable flows from the Thurmond project are
re-regulated by South Carolina Electric and Gas Company's (SCE&G's) Stevens Creek
project (FERC No. 2535) into a more stable flow pattern (refer to Figures 8-2 and 8-3 of
Appendix S-6), The proposed flow management plan reflects Augusta's ability to
manage the flows delivered by the upstream projects in a balanced manner.
Development of a Revised Flow Record for the Savannah River
Stream flow data initially used during licensing activities for the ACHP were
based in large part on records obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gauge
for the Savannah River near North Augusta (USGS No. 02196484). This gauge (No,
02196484) represents the only available source of data for direct measurement of historic
stream flows within the Augusta Shoals,
During the licensing process, Augusta and the resource agencies cletell11ined that
flow data from USGS gauge No, 02196484 that had been used for some previous
analyses was of insufficient quality for those purposes. In consultation with the agencies,
Augusta developed a revised flow record which the agencies deemed acceptable for
project use. The revised flow record, including flows for the Savannah River at the
Augusta Diversion Dam and for the Augusta Shoals, was subsequently used for various
analyses and instream flow discussions. This revised flow record is included in this
Revised Application in Exhibit B. A more detailed description of the development of the
revised flow record is appended to the Applicant's responses to agency comments on the
Draft License Application (Appendix S-13) in the technical memorandum dated May 28,
2003.
II
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
The underlying data supporting the habitat to flow relationships modeled in the
SRlFS are unaffected by the apparent inaccuracy of gauge No, 02196484, The flow-to-
habitat modeling presented in the SRlFS relied upon field measurements of stream flow
collected during the SRlFS field surveys and are valid.
Fish Community
Several studies and sampling events conducted over the last 25 years, including
some in the last 5 years, indicate a diverse aquatic community in the Augusta Shoals and
Augusta Canal. Based on available data, the Augusta Shoals supports a warm water river
aquatic community. The community is somewhat modified by cold water releases from
Thurmond Dam, but is generally typical of a large river with Fall Line habitats located in
the southeastern U.S. More detailed information on the nature of these aquatic
communities is provided in Appendices S-2 and S-8.
The Augusta Shoals is an important and ecologically significant habitat, as noted
by the resource agencies in their letters providing comments on the draft license
application (refer to Appendix S-13). The Augusta Shoals is the last remaining extensive
shoal habitat found on the mainstream of the Savannah River, Shoal habitat is
submerged under reservoirs upstream of Augusta and does not occur downstream of
Augusta in the Coastal Plain. The Augusta Shoals provides prime spawning habitat for
species such as American shad, which prefer shallow, swift moving waters over coarse
substrates for spawning. Refer to Appendix S-14 for more detail regarding habitat
requirements for American shad. The Augusta Shoals also provides important habitat for
other anadromous fish such as blueback herring and hickory shad, migratory species such
as striped bass, and resident species such as robust redhorse.
12
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Savannah River Instream Flow Study
After consultation with the resource agencies, Augusta conducted a study of
instream flows (SRlFS) in the Augusta Shoals (see attached as Appendices S-6 and S-7).
The SRlFS developed and examined flow to habitat/passable area relationships for a
variety of relevant considerations including:
· Resident species and guilds;
· Anadromous fish;
· Species of concern (such as robust redhorse and sturgeon);
. Fish passage; and
· Recreational boat passage.
The Applicant's interpretation of the results of the SRIFS are discussed below.
Flows protective of aquatic communities and boat passage, balanced with flow needs for
the Augusta Canal users (Augusta's raw water program and the needs of the three Mills)
are the basis for Augusta's proposed flow management plan.
Development of Technical Memoranda Regarding Instream Flows
As part of the consultation with the resource agencies regarding instream flows,
the Applicant developed a series of teclmical memoranda which address:
· Implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals and the
Resulting Flow Regime;
· Augusta Canal Curtailment Relating to Possible Aquatic Base Flows; and
. Supplement to: Augusta Canal Curtailment Relating to Possible Aquatic Base
Flows - Agency Requested Flow Management Scenarios.
These technical memoranda~ which art included in this Application in Appendix S-14,
were intended for informational purposes and to stimulate discussion with the resource
agencies regarding instream flow regimes and their implementation, The information
13
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
presented in the technical memoranda did not represent proposals made by Augusta as
outlined below.
The Applicant's Proposed Flow Management Plan
The flow management actions discussed below represent Augusta's plan to
achieve a balanced use of Project waters that adequately protects both the aquatic
community of the Augusta Shoals and the Canal users, The proposal is a significant
protection and enhancement measure for the Augusta Shoals since flow management and
protection elements are not currently in place. The flow management plan consists of
four elements: protective Aquatic Base Flows for the Augusta Shoals, measures for
drought conditions, the Canal Operating Plan, and monitoring and compliance. The
practical result of the flow management plan will be maintenance and enhancement of
important fish habitats, The proposed Aquatic Base Flows are outlined in Table E.2-5.
The aquatic base flows presented in Table E.2-5 were developed by ENTRIX.
They are designed to protect aquatic resources in the Augusta Shoals within the context
of Augusta's flow management plan. These flows were developed in consideration of
anadromous and resident fish species present in the Augusta Shoals, resource agency
input on resource management goals, and the needs of Augusta and uses of water from
the Augusta Canal. A central protective element of this scheme is the fact that under the
proposed flow management plan, flows in the Augusta Shoals will often be higher than
the Aquatic Base Flows, at times by a considerable margin. When implemented within
the context of the Applicant's flow management plan, ENTRIX believes that these flows
are adequately protective and would significantly enhance the existing condition, under
which there is no flow management plan.
]4
~
:It-
&:
-.
-
t>J
>-i
l\)
cr'
;:0
tr1
N
I
VI
C/)
c
3
3
l\)
~
o
......,
;p-
c
(JQ
c
V>
~
V>
'"0
.....
o
"0
o
Vl
(l)
0-
;p-
.0
C
l\)
~.
o
OJ
l\)
V>
(l)
'Tj
0"
~
~
(l)
(JQ
3'
(l)
8'
.....
s-
(l)
)>
c
CIQ
c
Vl
~
l\)
en
::r
o
l\)
en
,-...
l\)
<
(l)
.....
l\)
(JQ
(l)
0-
~.
.:z
::!l
o
~
V>
;:I
o
;;r>
"--'
/ E;'9~~
,
w ~..,. e1 0 0 (JCI
0\ VI "--' ~ ti c
0 0 IV -- .., ~
O...-j O...-j v....-j = ~ ~
~ _. ..... -. ~..,. (ii' o o' 0
o (l) 0 (l)
..,...... VI..... 0..... 1il' = ~
~ w ~ tv 0- ~lor!::
..,. w - ... ..... '-<
\0 \0 ...0
\0 \0 ;~
W N
- - - '-i
'0 N VI ~
0 VI 0 ?
0 0 0
- - J'-l lor!
VI 0\ 0 (t>
0 0\ 0 c-
o 0 0 .
- - N ~
VI ~ '0
0 0\ 0 ~
0 0 0 =-'
- - tv ;..-
~VI 0\ 0 't:l
0 0\ 0 =-'
0 0 0
- - tv ~
VI 0\ 0
0 0\ 0 ~
0 0 0 '-<
;..-
,.Q
- - - '-i C
'0 tv v, C ~
0 VI 0 ::l ....
0 0 0 (t> r;-
o:l
~
'"
- - - '-i (t>
'0 ~tv VI C ~
0 v, 0 ~
0 0 0 0
~
'"
- - - ;..-
'0 N v, c
0 v, 0 ~
0 0 0
- - - C/l
'0 tv v, (t>
0 VI 0 't:l
0 0 0
- - - 0
'0 tv v, 0
0 v, 0 ....
0 0 0
- - - '2
'0 N v, 0
0 VI 0 ~
0 0 0
- - 0
'0 tv v, (t>
0 VI 0 0
0 0 0 .
Wl\)O NOOO-Z
;:I..... ..... VI 1'"\ 0
o o..::r a 0""0 ~J (ti
(l) - (l) (l) (l) (l) Vl
;:I N~;:I ?(l~"
(l) v. -. (l) (l) (l) .....
..... 0 Vl i:3 (l);:I e:..
e:.. (l) - ::l.....-
-OY - 0'<
'< tiP3'< ';-H-,O
o _. 0 VI _ 0
o 0;:1 0 ~::r.....
:j 2 -':j <5 (l) @
(l) ;:13(1) o.....V>
Vl (l) C Vl ~ 3'"0
-g S-3] V> (I> g
::l .....0-;:1 l\). 0-
0.. 0 l\) 0.. 5.0 V>
Vl c: =-= en .......
- CIQ'<..... -s-o
o ::r.....o '0(1)-
Cl;;;'~Co;2fr
CIl;:l(l)CIlO,
)> C ~ )> 0 (j;' 8'
() l\) (l) () tiP ~(l) ==
tI1 ~ o..trl ,-..._0
"--' 0.. '-< ::r ~
t;l ." l\) 0.. C (l) _.
..... 0 -. (l) ;:I 3 ;:I
o .......:z g. (l) _.CIQ
~ 5 l\) e; s-:!. C
::r <(l) .....3C1l
-3(l)0-0 ">-
..... c c:: ..-
l' Ol\)t;laq3<J
~ @0iJ (3 ::r..... tT1
(l) ............. C ...... (I> 0..
- ::r- -.. CIQ l\) Vl (l)
wl\)O::r;:l(l>o
, ;:I ~ ..... ~ ~ ~
CIl-~l''''''(l).....
"0 VI<; (I> '< o..(l)
(I> "0 0 < '-' 0.. 0..
o (I> s~ o'::t"ll\) 0..
Si (l 0.. tv .....:::.:(3
(l) (l) 0"' ;:I '< c::
0.. g (I> CIl 0 ~aq
:::!l 0 g-"O 3 (I> ~
Sl ;::>.....g Qi:3;:o
<: ::r ~ -. (I> CIQ <
,-... (I> (I> ::'1 ~ (I> (l)
o .....(I>(l) ::r........-
..... -.;:1 0.. l\) -.. Vl
aq 3 -::!:l ;:I ~..
@ (l)"V,o -Vl Z
l\)OO~VI 0
(t ;:I 0,-... "0 ~ ~
..... - 0 0 (I> 0
"--' ::r- ~..... ..... c:: 0
~ (I> Vlaq 80::.....
o 0" l\).....;:I -
s:: ~;:I(l) ~O"'
- ~. 0.. ~ 0 (I> CIl
0.. Vl _(l) H-,O"'''O
0"0~0~(l)(l)
(l)......,0\ ::r?o
..... l\) 0\ ~ (I> < -.
(I> 00..... (l) ::!l
Vl 0\ 0 s:: _. (l) (l)
(l) 0~-3::l0..
~ b.. ~ 0.. (I> J'-l ::!l
(I> ~ 'Tj0"' 000
0..'<(1)(1> ;:10:2
........... -sr:::r@ M-O
g ~2 V> fro;:O
:::-:~ ~ 0"'Cii'~
"0 ;:I~< ~~_
~ CIQ (I> V>::l'-'"
o "0 ..... 0.. (j;' 0.. 0
(l) (l) Ef .....
;:I ..... 0 ~ 0 -CIQ
..... o' c - H-,"V,.....
o 0..(JQ (I> ~ 0(1)
H-, ::r~ O\O~
s- 2;:..... 00 ~
(I> l\) e;; b.. Cii' '-'
=r. '< "0 ~,-...:2
3 ~(I> .....ri12
~ .....(l00"-
(l) -..... 0..
g-;:I ~~ 0"'
St~OQ""("O
<:0 '<.....
(l)H-,"O.....(I>
gSt~~rD
_ (I> 0' 0 ~
Y ..... 0.. c:: (l)
g 3' . ~ 0..
o~ ?>'~
o ..::._
~ l\) (I>
V> '< ~
'-' Vl
.....
-
v.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Protective Aquatic Base Flows
An important part of the Applicant's rationale for the proposed flows is that they
represent base flows, not minimum flows. The Aquatic Base Flows are designed to be
protective of aquatic species in the Augusta Shoals and to provide base flow levels during
times of reduced flow or drought. The proposed Aquatic Base Flow levels would not
occur continuously in the Augusta Shoals. They represent protective base levels that
would often be exceeded by substantial amounts. The Augusta Canal has specified water
needs that are relatively constant, but flows into the Project area are variable. Since the
flows of the Savannah River at the Augusta Diversion Dam often exceed the sum of
Canal needs and Aquatic Base Flows for the Augusta Shoals, any variable surplus of
water would also flow into the Augusta Shoals. The Canal cannot use more water than
the sum of the daily requirements of its users. Excess water in the Canal can lead to, for
example, discharges which flood areas of the City of Augusta,
The concept of aquatic base flows and the fact that flows higher (often much
higher) than the proposed Aquatic Base Flows will occur with regularity in the Augusta
Shoals are key components of the Applicant's proposal that will help maintain habitat to
support the overall ecological health of the aquatic community in the Augusta Shoals,
This concept can be demonstrated by examining the flow duration table (1955 to 2000,
excluding the reservoir filling years of 1961, 1962, 1983, and 1984) for flows in the
Savannah River at the Augusta Diversion Dam presented in Exhibit B of this application.
The sum ofthe average Canal need (approximately 3,800 cfs) and the maximum Aquatic
Base Flow proposed (2,000 cfs) equals 5,800 cfs, According to the flow duration table
for the Savannah River at the Augusta Diversion Dam, the flow value of 5,800 cfs is met
or exceeded 71 % of the time on an annual basis and from 62% to 82% of the time during
]6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I.
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
each month of the year, Because flows exceeding the combined Augusta Canal and
Aquatic Base Flow needs also flow into the Augusta Shoals, any flows above 5,800 cfs
would increase the flow in the Augusta Shoals above the specified Aquatic Base Flow,
Also by way of example, referring again to the flow duration table for the Savannah
River at the Augusta Diversion Dam, a flow value of 6,800 cfs is met or exceeded 48% of
the time on an annual basis and 31 % to 68% of the time depending on the month. This
indicates that the specified Aquatic Base Flow (2,000 cfs) plus 1,000 cfs would occur in
the Augusta Shoals 48% of the time on an annual basis. By again examining the flow
duration table for the Savannah River at the Augusta Diversion Dam, a flow value of
7,800 cfs is met or exceeded 35% of the time on an annual basis, ranging from 18% to
60% of the time depending on the month. This result indicates that the specified Aquatic
Base Flow (2,000 cfs) plus an additional 2,000 cfs would occur 35% of the time on an
annual basis.
It is also important to note that in some cases, naturally occurring high flows in
the Augusta Shoals will provide substantially lower levels of habitat for some species
while providing abundant levels of habitat for others. Therefore, the inter-annual natural
variability in the flow regime would provide years of varying levels of habitat for species
with different habitat needs. Aquatic species are adapted to intra-annual and inter-annual
variability in flows and have evolved to respond to these conditions. The altered
hydrologic patterns present in the Savannah River have tended to lessen historic flow
variability due to the operations ofthe USACE projects located upstream of Augusta.
The proposed Aquatic Base Flows represent daily average flows. The
Southeastern Power Administration (SEP A) and the USACE largely control the
17
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
management of flow of the Savannah River, and weekly, daily, and hourly changes are
the norm. Combined with the fact that flow in the Augusta Canal cannot be changed
rapidly due to operational constraints (see Appendix S-12), it is not possible to maintain
or ensure an instantaneous minimum flow in the Augusta Shoals.
Measures for Drought Conditions
Flow management at the ACHP depends on the flow management actions of the
USACE and SCE&G projects located upstream, Therefore, Augusta's flow management
plan assigns Aquatic Base Flows based on flow to the Project. Augusta proposes to
reduce Aquatic Base Flows when flows to the Project are reduced, This would happen
when the USACE reduces discharges at the Thurmond (Clark's Hill) Dam in response to
declared drought conditions. Under non-drought and Drought Levell conditions, the
USACE typically discharges a daily average flow of 5,400 cfs or higher. Thurmond
project discharges under other drought conditions are outlined below in Tabie E.2-6.
During a US ACE declared Drought Level 2, there is typically a 17% reduction in
discharge at the Thurmond project. Similarly, Augusta proposes reducing its Tier I
Aquatic Base Flows by 17% for Augusta Daily Declaration flows between 4,500 and
5,399 cfs. During a USACE declared Drought Level 3, there is typically another 20%
reduction in discharge at the Thurmond project. In order to provide added protection for
the aquatic resources of the Augusta Shoals, however, Augusta proposes to further reduce
its Aquatic Base Flow by only 10% during the critical February through May period
instead of the proportional reduction of 20%, Augusta proposes to maintain the
proportional 20% reduction from Tier 2 to Tier 3 during June through December when
Augusta Daily Declaration flows are between 3,600 cfs and 4,499 cfs.
18
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Table E.2-6. The Four Drought Level Thresholds of the USACE Drought Contingency
Plan (USACE 1989)
Drought Level Hartwellrfhurmond Reservoir USACE
Elevation ActionfDischarge
(msl)
Apr 18 - Oct 15 Dec 1 - Jan 1
Distribute public safety information
1 656/326 655/325
Reduce Thurmond discharge to
2 654/324 652/322 4,500 cfs; reduce Hartwell
discharge as appropriate to balance
lake levels
Reduce Thurmond discharge to
3 646/316 646/316 3,600 cfs; reduce Hartwell
discharge as appropriate to balance
lake levels
Continue level 3 discharge as long
4 625/312 625/312 as possible; thereafter outflow equal
to inflow
Implementation of the proposed Aquatic Base Flows during drought conditions
will likely require curtailment in Canal operations, depending on the Canal needs at the
time. The Applicant's flow management plan was based on a balanced reduction of
flows in the Canal and the Shoals.
Augusta does not propose Aquatic Base Flows for Augusta Daily Declaration
flows less than 3,600 cfs, which could happen during a Drought Level 4 as declared by
the USACE. Drought Level 4 could result in the "outflow equals inflow" scenario at
Thurmond Dam. There is no target flow requirement at Thurmond Dam under these
conditions. The USACE has never declared a Drought level 4 or implemented the
"outflow equals inflow" condition in the 12 years that the drought contingency plan has
19
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
been in place, however, and that period includes the worst period of drought (1999 to
2002) on record.
In the event of an extremely severe drought, should the "outflow equals inflow"
condition be implemented or declared by the USACE to be imminent, Augusta would
consult with the resource agencies regarding an appropriate interim flow regime for the
Augusta Shoals. At that time, the anticipated flows from Thurmond Dam would be better
understood and could be evaluated in coordination with the resource agencies in
consideration of season and identified priorities, Other factors not accounted for in the
SRlFS modeling, such as water temperature and dissolved oxygen, also may become
important at very low flow levels that could occur in the "outflow equals inflow"
scenario. Monitoring of these water quality parameters and other ambient conditions
performed in consultation with the resource agencies may be appropriate if the "outflow
equals inflow" scenario is ever implemented at Thurmond Dam.
Biological Basis for Proposed Flows
The Applicant's Aquatic Base Flows reflect consideration of the biological needs
of the aquatic community in the Augusta Shoals. The Applicant considered infonnation
provided by the agencies regarding important resources and management goals, and it
completed subsequent research into the relationship between these resources and flow
needs for the Augusta Shoals. Several key considerations, such as upstream fish passage,
target fish species, important life stages, and downstream recreational boat passage, were
identified. A summary of important resource considerations is presented in Table E.2-7,
and their relationship to the proposed Aquatic Base Flows is discussed below,
20
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
~
~
~
t'1
---I
P'
<J
r0-
m
10
--..)
~
P'
q
x'
o
....,
~
o
::l
5-
.:z
::r:
P'
<J
.....
~
z
Cl>
Cl>
0-
tIl
8'
....
(I)
'0
Cl>
()
(ii'
tIl
C
tIl
Cl>
tIl
8'
....
5-
Cl>
>-
c:
(JQ
c:
VI
S
(I)
::r-
o
P'
u;
'Ow "'~ "'~~ ~~ ~~ ~w "':I: "'>
~ 0 2" ~ 1l Vi' Cl> R 0 ~.., ~ - ~ -, ~ 3
~~ ~O n~~ ~a ~_. ~c ~n ~
p'..... ~~ ~. ~ OC ~ 5'& ~ 3.
(JQ 0:0 VI Cl> ~~ ~ (JQP' ..... n
~ ::s~ g ("0 ~ '< ~
NCl> :0
....... P>
:2 0.. ~ "0 ......
Cl>s, P'~ '"
:0 ..... ~ VI :0
~VI :0'" ~
o P> -.(JQ.....
en ::s ::J ("0 '<
0.. (JQ-
~ "'0 c' ~ c' {j "'0 "T}
~~ ~s, ~~~ g-
-P> :oCii :O::JP' C
5'~ 1i' ~ 1i' ,S!'~ ~
(J'Q .. tn 0.. VI ~.... .. -<
tn r:J ........ en tn VI <-. VI
-0'0 :0 c'O p> -0'0 -0 -0 C -0"0 '7
p>~ 0..<:P>0.. "'~ P>~ <: "'~ ;::..
~VI -<g~c ~VI ~VI g ~tIl P>
:!. Jg 0 ~ 5' Gf :!, Jg :!. Jg _ :!. Jg ri
ag.Cl> ~~fJ'l. ag.o ag.o ~ ag.Cl> ~
VI ~ c'.{g .{g"O c' ~ "0 'c' c' ~ "'0
0-0 o-<:~~ P>~ <:~~ <: <:~~ >-
~o "<:c: :EtIl O<:VI ""<:", -0
o ~ d ~:!. Gf :!.Jg ~ :!.Jg ::.. ~ :!.Jg :!.
::J -<~~. ag." ~~.o ~ ~~."
(I) ~ c' ~ ~ .{g"O ~ -0 c' ~ ~ ~. c' ~ "'0
g-g O-~~o.. ~~ ~~ ~:E~ ~ ~~~ :s:
"'P> -<:o:os, -P> ::J'" :O::J(JQ ::J ::J::J'" '"
o ;0;- 0 ~ -'Cii :::.(JQ -.(JQ ::.: -." _ ~ -'()Q '<
::J -<~ag. ag." ag." ~ag. ~ ~~J'
. . .
tn ~ c'~ ~"O.., ...... -0 c' c' c'
""0 o..<:~~ P>~ ,,~~ <: <: <: ......
~g -<g::Js,:E~ 2':J~ g " g 3
o ;0;- 0 ::.: -. Cii :!. ()Q ()Q:j ()Q ~ _ ::.: "
::1 ~~~.. ~..o O~Q. ~ ~ ~
V1 ~c'~ ..,......-0 c' c' ~.
"-0 o..<:~~ ,,~~ <: <: <: ......
~o -<g::Js' 2':J:G g g g s,
o ~ 0 ::.: _. Cii ()Q :j ()Q::': ~ ~ '<
::s ~~ggu 0 a~ ~ ~ ~
tn ~ c' -g p> .., g:. ~ c' c' c' )>
0"'0 0..< 0. On(/) < ..: < c:
~" ......,,:Ec 2'::l"''' 0 Cl> ()Q
0P> .......:0:0- ()Q:jP>::J ::J ::J C
::l ;.;- 0 ~ 5' Cii " '" ()Q ~ - - VI
~~~.. -Q. ~ ~ ~ ....,.
tn ~ 'c' -d PJ ......""0 3 c' 3 c' 3 'c:' ~
g-g o..~~o.. a~~~o~~'o~~'o~ ~
(.n ~::s<:c:::::: t:::!(f)"'c::sPJc::s"'c::s (b
o ~ :::::.; 2. &f (JQ ;j ~ d. '7 :=.; ~. ... :=.; ~. .. =-= 3
::J 9,,:0. ""''''0 00 "0" ~
.........tnlJQ -':J ..U)::s ..Vl;:::s..en ~
VI ~. g. .., s-"O~. 'c'~. 'c'~. 'c' 0
0-0 ,,_ ",,~()Qo~(JQo~()Qo~ n
~ " :!. Cii 2':J '" ~ C ::l @ C ::J .... C ::J 8"
o ~ 0" (JQ :j ~ ~. 7" =..: ~. ... :::: ~. 7 ::.: cr
::l VI~ ""''''0 "0 "0" "
0.. -'::s ..Vi::s ...Vl::s,!-"l ..,
'c' ~ 3 'c' 3 c' 3 'c' Z
<: C _. <: _. <: _. <: 0
g~ ()QOo()QOo()QO" <:
_. Ul Pl c ::s i:J C ::s @ c ::s 0
oPJ ~7=..:~7:=.;~7::.: 3
(I)::::J 0 (b0 00 (tl 0-
0. :J ~::s ...[/I::s..t/) ~
'c'~ ~ 0
<:o..c "
" - n
::J ..... "
,~ VI 3
'" ~
~
N - Z
-< (I) 0
O ~ .....
o "
-< ~ ~
_. ::J
::l 0
0.. VI
-. "
() '"
'" .....
..... C
~ cTQ
'< "
o 0
C :0
::l P>
6 ~
7' n
9-';
" ....
, 0
'< -0
o 0
P' '"
~ "
0-
::!l
o
:;:
'"
o
::J
-<
P'
::I>
~
S-
o
V>
-0
o
()
~.
VI
'"
0..
o
()
C
3
o
::J
<>
0..
'"
<::r
o
<:
o
Z
o
:E
U)
P>
<:
P>
::J
::J
P>
::r
~
C
;:::;
C-
O
n
;0;-
~
o
3
5'
::J
C
3
~
~
'"
()
o
3
~
;;;.
5'
()Q
'"
'"
"0
P>
:E
:!.
::J
()Q
P>
()Q
~
o
()Q
i':.
o'
?
tv
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Proposed Aquatic Base Flow in Relation to Available Habitat
The Applicant's proposed Aquatic Base Flows for the Augusta Shoals were
grouped into two time periods in consultation with the agencies: February through May
and June through January. The periods were based on consideration of the needs of
aquatic species and, as appropriate, efficient management. The biological bases for the
proposed Aquatic Base Flow levels are outlined below for Tiers 1 and 3. The basis for
selecting Tier 2 Aquatic Base Flows was a proportional reduction from Tier 1, relative to
decreased flows entering the project area, Habitat values under Tier 2 flow conditions
will fall between the Tier 1 and Tier 3 conditions described below.
The results of the SRlFS are often presented as amount of suitable habitat per
1,000 feet of stream. For the purposes of this discussion please note that the Augusta
Shoals is approximately 23,000 feet (4.4 miles) long and has an estimated surface area of
approximately 42,800,000 ft2.
February through May
The Applicant's Tier 1 protective Aquatic Base Flow for the Augusta Shoals
during the period from February through May is 2,000 cfs. At this flow:
· American shad and striped bass fish passage criteria would be fully met; South
Carolina anadromous fish passage criteria would be met at three of five transects,
and passable areas (although not equaling 10 percent of stream width) occur at the
other two transects;
· American shad (also a surrogate for hickory shad and blueback herring) spawning
habitat would be abundant (approximately 275,000 ft2 per 1,000 feet of stream)
relative to anticipated American shad spawning populations and would constitute
approximately 50 percent of maximum habitat available;
22
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
· Striped bass spawning habitat would be abundant (approximately 200,000 ft2 per
1,000 feet of stream)';
· Robust red horse spawning habitat (important in May) would be abundant (greater
than 20,000 :ft2 per 1,000 feet of stream) relative to estimated population size and
would constitute approximately 75 percent of maximum habitat available;
· Near maximum levels of habitat would be provided for most resident species:
greater than or equal to 90 percent of maximum available habitat for the shallow-
swift guild and all of the resident species evaluated in the study except silver
redhorse, and approximately 80 percent of maximum available habitat for silver
redhorse; and
· The South Carolina boat passage criteria would be met.
Augusta's Tier 3 protective Aquatic Base Flow for the Augusta Shoals during the
February through May period is 1,500 cfs. At this flow:
· American shad fish passage criteria would be fully met; striped bass passage
criteria would be met at three transects, but numerous passable areas would occur
for striped bass at the other two transects; the South Carolina anadromous fish
passage criteria would be met at two transects, but passable areas (although not
equaling 10 percent of stream width) would occur at the other three transects;
· American shad (also a surrogate for hickory shad and blueback herring) spawning
habitat would be abundant (approximately 200,000 ft2 per 1,000 feet of stream)
relative to anticipated American shad spawning populations and would constitute
approximately 40 percent of maximum habitat available;
· Striped bass spawning habitat would be abundant (approximately 150,000 ft2 per
1,000 feet of stream);
· Robust redhorse spawning habitat would be somewhat abundant (greater than
15,000 ft2 per 1,000 of stream) relative to estimated population size and would
constitute approximately 60 percent of maximum habitat available;
· Good (approaching maximum) habitat values would be provided for most resident
species: greater than or equal to 85 percent of maximum available habitat for the
shallow-swift guild and resident species modeled in the SRIFS except silver
redhorse; silver redhorse habitat would occur at approximately 70 percent of
The habitat suitability criteria for striped bass spawning depend on water velocity.
A vailable spawning habitat theoretically increases infinitely with increasing water velocity and
therefore may not ever achieve a true maximum, PMWUA therefore is not a suitable index for
analysis of striped bass spawning habitat.
23
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
maximum available, and the habitat would be abundant (i,e., approximately
250,000 ft2 per 1,000 feet of stream); and
. The South Carolina boat passage criteria would be met.
American shad/ Alosid passage and spawning, robust redhorse spawning, and boat
passage are protected under the proposed flow regimes discussed above for the February
through May period. American shad spawning habitat is generally abundant (total
estimated suitable habitat in the Augusta Shoals at 2,000 cfs flow is approximately
6,300,000 ft2) under the proposed flows relative to anticipated population levels. The
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS 2003) has indicated that the target population
of American shad for the Augusta Shoals and areas upstream is approximately 205,000
individuals -- meaning that the 2,000 cfs aquatic base flow would provide an average of
30.7 ft2 of habitat for each individual if the entire target population were in the Shoals at
one time, which is highly unlikely. .
This is ample habitat to support spawning American shad, particularly given the
facts that many American shad may congregate into small areas to spawn, spawning
cohorts may arrive at different times, and spawning habitat can be re-used withiri the
same season. Habitat suitability criteria for spawning American shad (which have been
updated since publication of the SRIFS) and the related revised flow to habitat modeling
results are presented in Appendix S-14. The revised habitat suitability criteria for
American shad were presented to the resource agencies on December 17, 2002, and
further clarified in a memorandum dated January 6, 2003,
Robust redhorse spawning habitat is somewhat limited overall, but is abundant
(approximately 460,000 ft2 at a flow of2,000 cfs) relative to the small estimated
population size in the Augusta Shoals (estimated 18 to 180 individuals, GDNR (2001)
24
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
unpublished data). Furthermore, robust redhorse spawning habitat appears to be limited
by the low occurrence of suitable substrate, not flows, Additionally, striped bass passage
and spawning habitat, elements identified by the resource agencies as important, are
substantially protected under this regime,
June through January
Augusta's proposed Tier 1 Aquatic Base Flow for the Augusta Shoals during the
June through January period is 1,500 cfs. At this flow:
· Striped bass passage criteria would be fully met at three transects, but passable
areas would occur for striped bass occur at the other two transects; the South
Carolina anadromous fish passage criteria would be met at two transects, but
passable areas (although not equaling 10 percent of stream width) would occur at
the other three transects;
· American shad juvenile habitat would be abundant (greater than 300,000 ft2 per
1,000 feet of stream) and would constitute approximately 70 percent of maximum
available habitat; American shad outmigration habitat would also be abundant
(greater than 600,000 ft2 per 1,000 feet of stream) which would constitute
approximately 60 percent of maximum available habitat;
· Near maximum habitat values would be provided for adult stages of most resident
species; greater than or equal to 85 percent of maximum available habitat would
be provided for the shallow-swift guild and resident species except silver
redhorse; silver redhorse habitat would occur at approximately 70 percent of
maximum available, and the habitat would be abundant (i.e., approximately
250,000 ft2 per 1,000 feet of stream); approximately 80 percent of maximum
habitat levels would be provided for redeye bass young of the year (YOY), which
would correspond to approximately 150,000 ft2 per 1,000 feet of stream; striped
jumprock YOY habitat would not be abundant (approximately 25,000 ft2 per
1,000 feet of stream and approximately 50 percent of maximum habitat available),
but would actually be maximized at flows less than 1,000 cfs; and
· The South Carolina boat passage criteria would be met.
Habitat for striped bass passage, Alosid juvenile habitat, resident species and boat
passage would be protected under the proposed flow regimes discussed above for the
June through January period. American shad juvenile and outmigration habitats would
25
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
generally be abundant under the proposed flows. Striped bass passage related to access
of summer thermal refugia would not be optimized under this proposed flow, but zones
for passage would exist for this species at all transects, Therefore, striped bass should be
able to move upstream and downstream through the Augusta Shoals during migrations
related to preferred summer thermal refugia habitats. Adult striped bass typically seek
cool water refugia during warm months in southern rivers. In the Savannah River,
hypolimnetic releases from Thurmond Dam provide such refuguia in the Augusta area,
Additionally, striped bass would have access to an additional 15 river miles of thermal
refuge habitat downstream of the Augusta Shoals following installation of fish passage
facilities at New Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam.
Augusta's proposed Tier 3 Aquatic Base Flow for June through January is 1,000
cfs. At this flow:
· Striped bass passage criteria would be fully met at two transects and passable
areas (9 to 11 areas) would occur at the other three transects, although the 10
percent width criteria would not be met;
· American shad juvenile habitat would be abundant (approximately 275,000 ft2 per
1,000 feet of stream and approximately 60 percent of maximum available habitat);
American shad outmigration habitat also would also be abundant (greater than
430,000 ft2 per 1,000 feet of stream and approximately 40 percent of maximum
available);
· Habitat availability generally would occur at near optimal or abundant levels for
resident species; optimal habitat levels would be provided for adult redbreast
sunfish, and greater than 85 percent of maximum for adult largemouth bass,
margined madtom and striped jumprock; approximately 75 percent of maximum
habitat levels would be provided for northern hogsucker and redeye bass;
shallow-swift guild and adult silver redhorse would have approximately 65
percent of maximum available habitat at this flow, but habitat for the two s~ecies
would still be relatively abundant (approximately 80,000 ft2 and 225,000 ft per
1,000 feet of stream, respectively); redeye bass YOY and striped jumprock YOY
habitat would vary at this flow (150,000 ft2 and 25,000 ft2 per 1,000 feet of
stream, respectively), but would actually be maximized for both life stages at
flows less than 1,000 cfs; and
26
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
· Marginally suitable boat passage would be provided; passage would be difficult at
the most shallow shoals and ledges; three transects would fully meet South
Carolina boat passage criteria, one transect (FP-l) would almost meet the criteria
(falling just short of the 10 percent passable width requirement), and the last
transect (FP-4) would contain about 5 passable areas but would comprise in sum
only about 5 percent passable width.
Priority species and uses would be sustained at this Aquatic Base Flow, but at a
reduced level of protection. Though the striped bass passage criteria would not be fully
met, passable zones would occur throughout the Augusta Shoals. Therefore, striped bass
should be able to move upstream and downstream through .the Augusta Shoals during
migrations related to preferred summer themlal refuge habitats. Additionally, striped
bass would have access to an additional 15 river miles of thennal refuge habitat
downstream of the Augusta Shoals following installation of fish passage facilities at New
Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam. Juvenile and outmigrating American shad habitat, as well
as habitat for resident species, would be generally abundant. Zones of passage for
recreational boating would exist throughout the Augusta Shoals, although suitable width
of the passable areas would be substantially below the one-way navigation criteria at one
of the five transects.
Canal Operating Plan
The Applicant's proposal to implement its flow management plan is detailed in
the Revised Canal Operating Plan (Appendix S-12). The Canal Operating Plan is the
process through which the Aquatic Base Flows would be provided. A summary of the
key steps of that plan are:
. Obtain the projected daily average flow release from Thurmond Dam as declared
by SEP A.
27
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
· Adjust the SEP A declaration to account for tributary inflow occurring between
Thunnond Dam and the Augusta Diversion Dam, resulting in the "Augusta
Declaration Flow."
· Use the Augusta Declaration Flow in conjunction with the tiered seasonal Aquatic
Base Flow table (Table E.2-5) to determine the amount of flow (daily average)
reserved for the Augusta Shoals, which is the "bypass flow rate" (same as the
designated aquatic base flow).
· Detennine the "daily allowable (Augusta Canal) diversion flow rate" based on the
Augusta Declaration Flow minus the bypass flow rate.
· Obtain the daily sum of the Augusta Canal users' needs, which is the "daily
demand flow rate."
· If the daily allowable diversion flow rate is greater than the daily demand flow
rate, then no action is needed and the flow in the Augusta Shoals will be greater
than the Aquatic Base Flow. If the daily allowable diversion flow rate is less than
the daily demand flow rate, then one or more Augusta Canal users must curtail
operations to account for the shortage.
· The Operations Plan requires Augusta to reserve the specified bypass flow rate
(daily average flow) or a greater amount at least 85 percent of the time during
Tier 1 and 2 conditions to provide flexibility for responding to unusual Canal
operating conditions. The remaining 15 percent of the time under Tier 1 and 2
conditions, the Applicant would reserve a daily average flow at the Tier 3 Aquatic
Base Flow or above, This would represent a reduction of no more than 500 cfs
from the Tier I Aquatic Base Flow levels and a reduction of no more than 250 cfs
(June - January) from the Tier 2 Aquatic Base Flows.
Monitoring and Compliance
Augusta proposes to manage flows into the Augusta Canal, which are the only
flows it can control. Augusta cannot control flows in the Savannah River that are
regulated by the USACE and re-regulated by SCE&G. Augusta therefore proposes to
ensure compliance with its flow management plan through the key elements identified
below:
· Compliance with the 85 percent of the time stipulation conditions would be
calculated on the basis of a 60-day rolling period. That is, for any consecutive
60-day period, the Applicant would reserve the tiered flows as specified in Table
28
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
E.2-5 for at least 51 days, For the remaining 15 percent of the time (9 days), the
reserved flow would be at or above the Tier 3 levels,
· Augusta will document compliance by monitoring daily average flow in the
Augusta Canal (as measured by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) and
comparing that value to the specified daily allowable diversion flow rate.
· Augusta would be in compliance as long as the measured daily average flow in
the Augusta Canal is not more than five percent above the daily allowable
diversion flow rate.
Future Aquatic Base Flows for Shortnose Sturgeon
Augusta proposes an additional condition regarding instream flow management
for the months of February and March contingent on the future presence of shortnose
sturgeon in the Augusta Shoals. This condition will ensure adequate spawning habitat
and passage for this federally-listed endangered species. Shortnose sturgeon do not occur
in the Augusta Shoals presently, but they do occur in the area just downstream of New
Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam, where upstream migrations are apparently precluded by
the presence of the dam, The USACE has completed preliminary designs offish passage
facilities at New Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam which would include provisions for
sturgeon. However, the schedule for completion and operation of the facilities at New
Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam is uncertain.
The resource agencies anticipate shortnose sturgeon passage at New Savannah
Bluff Lock & Dam after installation of fish passage facilities there, but the exact timing
of facility completion, success of the facility in passing shortnose sturgeon, and the
species' future behavior are unclear. For these reasons, the Applicant proposes that
protective instream flows requirement related to shortnose sturgeon be delayed until the
species is documented to occur in the Augusta Shoals in numbers sufficient to comprise a
spawning aggregation.
29
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Upon written notification to Augusta from the U,S. fish and Wildlife Service
(USFWS) or NMFS that the species is passing New Savalmah Bluff Lock & Dam and
utilizing the Augusta Shoals in such numbers, the Applicant proposes that alternate
protective flow levels for February and March be implemented. The alternate Aquatic
Base Flows would provide adequate spawning habitat and passage for this species.
February and March are the most likely periods for shortnose sturgeon spawning in the
Savannah River (Hall et al. 1991, Collins and Smith 1993, Isely et al. 2002). These
Aquatic Base Flows, to be reserved at least 85% of the time in February and March, are
2,700 cfs for Augusta Daily Declaration Flows greater than or equal to 5,400 cfs; 2,250
cfs for Augusta Daily Declaration flows between 4,500 cfs and 5,399 cfs; and 2,000 cfs
for Augusta Daily Declaration flows between 3,600 cfs and 4,499 cfs, At no time in
February and March (for Augusta Daily Declaration Flows at or above 3,600 cfs) would
the reserved flow in the Augusta Shoals be less than 2,000 cfs.
Proposed Aquatic Base Flows and Resulting Habitat for Shortnose Sturgeon
The Applicant's proposed Tier 1 Aquatic Base Flow for the Augusta Shoals for
February and March is 2,700 cfs based on written notification from the NMFS or the
USFWS that shortnose sturgeon are occurring in the Augusta Shoals in numbers
sufficient to comprise a spawning aggregation. At this flow:
· South Carolina anadromous fish passage criteria would be fully met allowing
passage for Alosids, striped bass and sturgeon;
· American shad (also a surrogate for hickory shad and blueback herring) spawning
habitat would be abundant (gre<lter than 350,000 :ft2 per 1,000 feet of stream)
relative to anticipated Alosid spawning populations and would constitute
approximately 65 percent of maximum available habitat;
30
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
. Striped bass spawning habitat would be abundant (approximately 375,000 ft2 per
1,000 feet of stream);
. Nearly optimal habitat would be provided for the shallow-swift guild and some
resident species such as striped jumprock-adults, northern hogsucker, silver
redhorse, redeye bass and largemouth bass; but there would be a notable reduction
in amount of suitable habitat for several resident species when compared to lower
flows, includin~ margined madtom (70 percent of maximum habitat and only
about 40,000 ft of habitat per 1 ,000 feet of stream) and redbreast sunfish (55
percent of maximum habitat and only about 35,000 ft2 of habitat per 1,000 feet of
stream);
· Shortnose sturgeon spawning habitat would be abundant (approximately 50,000
ft2 per 1,000 feet of stream) relative to anticipated population size and would
constitute approximately 50 percent of maximum available habitat; and
. South Carolina boat passage criteria would be met.
The Applicant's proposed Tier 3 protective Aquatic Base Flow relative to
shortnose sturgeon for the Augusta Shoals in February and March is 2,000 cfs, At this
flow:
· Shortnose sturgeon spawning habitat would be abundant (approximately 35,000
ft2 per 1,000 feet of stream) relative to anticipated population size and would
constitute approximately 40 percent of maximum habitat available; and
· Results for other key flow to habitat relationships would be seen as outlined
above for 2,000 cfs flows (see the February through May 30 period).
The alternate proposed flow for February and March is based on the potential for
presence of shortnose sturgeon in the Augusta Shoals in the future. The shortnose
sturgeon is a Federally-listed endangered species and the Tier 1 Aquatic Base Flow of
2,700 cfs should provide full passage and adequate spawning habitat for this species. The
Tier 3 Aquatic Base Flow of 2,000 cfs would provide adequate sturgeon passage even
though the ten percent passable width element of the South Carolina anadromous fish
passage criteria is not fully met. Under this condition, shortnose sturgeon could follow
3]
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
passable areas (e.g., the thalweg or adjacent routes) upstream even though the South
Carolina anadromous fish width criterion for passage would not be fully met.
Furthennore, based on the flow duration analysis for the Augusta Shoals using data
modified from the Savannah River at the Augusta gage, the Tier] Aquatic Base Flows
would often be substantially exceeded. This analysis suggests that in most years, flows
and passage for shortnose sturgeon would be increased well above the specified Aquatic
Base Flow levels in February and March.
Spawning habitat for shortnose shlrgeon is relatively abundant (approximately
] ,150,000 ft2 at 2,700 cfs flow) under the proposed Aquatic Base Flow levels, especially
relative to the anticipated population size. The population level of shortnose sturgeon in
the Savannah River has not been clearly established, but two estimates (without all the
basic statistical assumptions being met) placed the number of adults between 96 and
] ,676 (NMFS 1998). A population estimate calculated for shortnose sturgeon in the
Altamaha River in Georgia ranged from 468 to 2,862 for data collected from] 988 to
1993, The NMFS (1998) indicated that the shortnose sturgeon population of the
Altamaha River may be the largest and most viable population south of North Carolina.
The specified Aquatic Base Flows will provide ample habitat for shortnose
sturgeon for the reasons stated above, and because at least three other suitable spawning
sites have been identified in the Savannah River downstream of the Augusta Shoals,
different spawning cohorts may arrive at different times, spawning habitat can be re-used
within a season, and adults may not spawn in consecutive years (Hall et a1. ] 991, Collins
and Sm'ith ] 993, Isely et aI. 2002, NMFS 1998). Depth is a factor limiting the
32
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
availability of spawning habitat for shortnose sturgeon, but increased flow does not result
in significantly increased depth in the Augusta Shoals due to the Shoals' expansive width,
Agency Recommendations
The GDNR provided recommendations for instream flows for the Augusta Shoals
in a letter dated January 27, 2003, commenting on the ACHP's Draft License Application
(refer to Appendix S-13). No other resource agency provided instream flow
recommendations in its comments on the Draft License Application. The GDNR
recommended flows for the Augusta Shoals of 4,000 cfs (February through May) and
2,700 cfs (June through January). Although it was not entirely clear, these
recommendations apparently apply to times when there is sufficient water to meet their
recommendation and meet the needs of the Canal users.
E.2.iv MEASURES TO PROTECT OR IMPROVE WATER QUALITY
Operation of the ACHP does not have a negative effect on water quality in the
Project area (refer to Appendix S-l), which is regarded as good with the exception of
seasonally depressed levels of DO caused by hypolimnetic releases from the USACE's
Thurmond Dam. Augusta proposes no continued or new specific measures to further
protect or improve water quality. However, Augusta proposes implementation of a flow
management plan for the Augusta Canal and Augusta Shoals as described above.
Explanation of why the Applicant does not concur with the GDNR flow
recommendations
This section describes why Augusta does not concur with the GDNR's instream
flow recommendations for the Augusta Shoals, The GDNR used the results of the SRIFS
in its evaluation, and its recommendations appear to be based on analysis of Augusta
33
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Shoals flows in relation to percent of maximum weighted usable area for the modeled
species and guilds. As discussed above, the Applicant considered both percent of
maximum weighted usable area and raw weighted usable area in developing biologically
protective Aquatic Base Flow levels. The GDNR also appeared to base its
recommendations for fish passage on fully meeting the South Carolina Anadromous fish
passage criteria. The Applicant's analyses support a finding that flows which fully
satisfy those criteria are not needed at all times to provide adequate fish passage.
Interpretation of Weighted Usable Area Results
The output of the physical habitat modeling conducted during the SRfFS was
presented as a relationship between weighted usable area (WUA, a measure of suitable
habitat) per 1,000 feet of stream and discharge measured in cfs. WUA versus discharge
relationships were presented in two different forms, absolute and relative, in the SRJFS.
Absolute habitat was expressed as raw WUA, in the units square feet per 1,000 feet of
river (fi21I ,000 feet). Raw WUA is useful for evaluating potential habitat use by species
relative to estimated population size. Relative habitat value was expressed as percent of
maximum WUA (PMWUA). To compute the index PMWUA, each WUA value
predicted for a given discharge was divided by the maximum WUA value over the range
of simulated discharges for a given species and life stage.
The PMWUA habitat index expresses the percentage of a species' life stage
habitat present at different flows relative to the maximum attainable habitat at any flow
within the simulated range. Because the PMWUA index is normalized and essentially
unitless, it is well suited for comparisons among species. However, interpretation of the
SRJFS results should recognize that PMWUA index values also suffer some limitations.
34
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
First, some simple habitat suitability criteria, like that used for striped bass egg
incubation and drift in the SRIFS, have no upper limit on their suitability and
consequently result in an artificial, continually increasing relationship between WUA and
discharge. In such instances, WUA would increase across an umealistic range of
discharges, never reaching a true maximum value.
Second, PMWUA index values do not explicitly consider the absolute amount of
habitat needed to support the species' life stage of interest, Some species' life stages
have broader habitat tolerances and have larger amounts of maximum WUA. 'Species
with more specialized or narrow habitat requirements typically have lesser amounts of
potential habitat. Related to this limitation is the fact that a target population size may
not fully utilize the amount of habitat provided by a discharge that yields for example,
75% PMWUA. In this example, the amount of habitat needed by the members of the
target population may be achieved at a lesser discharge, which would require
consideration of the raw WUA scores. This type of analysis was utilized by the
Applicant in its instream flow proposal presented above, specifically where estimated
target population levels were compared to raw WUA for species such as American shad,
robust redhorse, and shortnose sturgeon.
These analyses support the conclusion that the instream flow levels recommended
by the GDNR are higher than required to support and sustain successive life stages of the
species of concern; and there is no valid scientific rationale for mandating such high
levels of habitat in relation to estimated or predicted population sizes, particularly at the
expense of other important uses served by the Augusta Canal. Based on the historic flow
record, however, high levels of flow at or above the GDNR's recommendations
35
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
nevertheless would occur with regularity, under the Applicant's flow management
proposal, due to the variable hydrologic patterns of the Savannah River and relatively
constant Canal flows,
South Carolina Fish Passage Criteria
The GDNR's recommendations also appear to be based significantly upon a
requirement that flows fully meet the South Carolina Fish Passage criteria. The SRlFS
(Appendices S-6 and S-7, refer to Sections 4.3 and 6,0) demonstrate that this level of
flow is not needed for successful fish passage and that the South Carolina Fish passage
criteria are overly conservative. The South Carolina Fish passage criteria are especially
conservative in relation to passage for American shad and striped bass, which were each
evaluated with separate criteria in the SRIFS, Fish passage occurs over a wide flow
range, and there is no single minimum passage flow for the Augusta Shoals and its fish
speCIes, Fish have the ability to pass freely under the Applicant's proposed Aquatic Base
Flows.
Other Considerations for Instream Flows
Augusta's proposal does not preclude flows in the Augusta Shoals in the range
recommended by the GDNR. Its proposed aquatic base flows would regularly be
exceeded by substantial amounts, and in fact the higher flows recommended by the
GDNR would still be met a substantial portion of the time, based on analysis of the flow
record and the fact that the Augusta Canal can only contain a specific, limited amount of
water (see "Protective Aquatic Base Flows" sub-section above), When flows at the
Project exceed the needs of the Canal and the Aquatic Base Flow, the "surplus" water
would remain in the Augusta Shoals.
36
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Other factors further support the conclusion that ample habitat will be provided by
the Applicant's proposed flows, These factors include:
· groups of the spawning population within and among species would arrive at
the Augusta Shoals at different times, providing a temporal separation of
needs for habitat;
· spawning (or other) habitats can be re-used during the same season, providing
much more available habitat than if it is assumed that habitat can be used only
once;
· the presence of spawning habitats in the Savannah River outside of the
Augusta Shoals, thereby providing many species additional habitats outside of
the Augusta Shoals;
· possible congregation of many spawning fish into relatively small areas, thus
reducing the need for vast amounts of habitat; and
· flow is not always a significant driver for increased suitable habitats; other
factors such as substrate (gravel for robust redhorse, Freeman and Freeman
200]) and depth (for shortnose sturgeon, NMFS 2001) also play important
roles.
In summary, Augusta's proposed Aquatic Base Flow regime will provide
adequate ecological protection of the aquatic resources of the Augusta Shoals and will
provide enhancement over existing conditions, where no flow management currently is in
place,
E.2.v NET IMPACT OF THE PROJECT ON WATER QUALITY
The Project should have no impact on water quality conditions. The water quality
of the Savarulah River is already outstanding, as reported in the appended Water Use and
Quality Report (Appendix S-l); and it should continue to improve as the USACE installs
autoventing turbines at Thurmond Dam.
37
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Water Quality Certification
Application for Water Quality Certification under the Clean Water Act was made
concurrently with the issuance of the Draft Application. The GDNR provides the water
quality certification. The Request for Water Quality Certification issued December 13,
2002, is attached to the license application, There will be no discharge to the waters of
South Carolina, thus 401 certification is not required from South Carolina.
E.2 Consultation Record: Included in Appendix E.2
38
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
E.3 REPORT ON FISH, WILDLIFE AND BOTANICAL RESOURCES
INTRODUCTION
The Augusta Canal and vicinity provide a variety of habitats for fish, wildlife, and
plant species. The Applicant strives to be a good steward of the natural resources and
habitats within the Project boundary, which include the Augusta Diversion Dam
Impoundment and the Augusta Canal. The Augusta-Richmond County Commission
adopted a statement of goals (see Exhibit B.5) for the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
(ACHP or Project) in relation to the development, conservation, and utilization of the
water resources of the Savannah River. These goals, among many others, include:
. Enhancement of Savannah River fisheries for commercial species,
. Maintenance or improvement of the natural ecosystem for the benefit of resident
species of animals and plants thereby increasing the use of the Augusta Canal, the
Savannah River, and its environs as educational sites, and
. Enhancement of game fishing access for public recreation fishing,
As part of the FERC licensing process, the Applicant has completed a variety of
studies and reports in relation to fish, wildlife, and botanical resources. These reports are
appended to this license application and were used to identify key resources and potential
impacts, and in many cases to develop measures to protect or enhance natural resources.
As a good steward of the natural resources of the ACHP, the Applicant has
developed a series of proposed measures to protect or enhance habitats and benefit the
species found within the Project boundary and the Savannah River in general. These
proposed measures include a flow management plan for the Augusta Shoals, upstream
and downstream fish passage facilities and measures, changes in Canal operations in
relation to drawdowns for maintenance, and measures to assist with protection of the
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
rocky shoals spider lily. Each of the proposed measures provides a substantial
improvement over the existing condition. For example, there currently is no flow
management plan for the Augusta Shoals, and the Applicant's plan will provide tiered
aquatic base flows (average daily flows into the Shoals) to protect aquatic resources
during low flow conditions.
The Augusta Canal Authority (ACA), an independent entity created by the
Georgia General Assembly, is charged with management of the lands surrounding the
Augusta Canal and acts to conserve habitats in the Project area. Terrestrial habitats in the
Project area are largely protected by existing land management ordinances and buffer
requirements, thereby affording protection to wildlife and botanical resources. The
ACHP would be operated in a manner consistent with the ACA's management emphasis
and plans.
The practical result of the combination of new measures proposed by the
Applicant and existing conservation programs will be a substantial improvement in
habitat protection and enhancement. Aquatic species will benefit from active flow
management proposed for the Augusta Shoals, anadromous and resident fish populations
will benefit from implementation of upstream and downstream passage facilities, and
terrestrial species will continue to be protected by the myriad set of ordinances that act to
limit development and preserve habitat (refer to Section E.6, below, for more details).
The following sections provide overviews of the biological resources of the
Project area, a listing of measures recommended by the resource agencies and the
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
E'l:hibit E
Applicant's responses to those recommendations, measures proposed by the Applicant,
and a description of continuing impacts related to Project operation.
E.3.i DESCRIPTION OF FISH, WILDLIFE AND BOTANICAL RESOURCES:
Fisheries
Based on recent sampling events conducted in the last five years and past studies
over the last 20 years, the Savannah River in the vicinity of the Project supports a diverse
and productive fish community typical of its setting (a large river of the southeastern
United States located near the Fall Line), but one which is influenced by flow and
thermal/dissolved oxygen regime alteration from cold and occasionally hypoxic releases
from Thurmond Dam, The fish species composition is generally characteristic of a warm
water riverine community, though some typically cool water species also thrive there. At
least 71 species of fish representing 17 families occur in the Savannah River.
The Augusta Canal also supports a relatively diverse and productive fish
community, which also is influenced by the thermal/dissolved oxygen regime alteration
from releases from Thurmond Dam. Water diverted into the Augusta Canal from the
Savannah River is subject to lower water temperature and dissolved oxygen during
summer months. Flows diverted into the Augusta Canal to support hydropower and
public water supply uses are relatively constant. The fish species composition of the
Canal is generally characteristic of a warmwater riverine community, but one that is
somewhat less diverse than the adjacent Savannah River. At least 51 species of fish
representing 13 families occur in the Augusta Canal.
3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
E--chibit E
Fisheries resources in the vicinity of the ACHP are described in detail in the
Fisheries Resource Report appended to this Application (Appendix S-2). Additional
detailed information regarding fish-related issues is included in the Savannah River
Instream Flow Study Report (Appendix S-6), the Fish Passage and Protection Plan for the
ACHP (Appendix S-5), the Rare and Protected Species Resource Report (Appendix S-4),
and the Adult Fish Survey (Appendix S-8).
Wildlife
The Project area provides a variety of wildlife habitats, including pine and
hardwood forested areas, open fields, dense undergrowth, and wetlands. The Project
boundary occurs within and adjacent to the heavily populated Augusta metropolitan area,
and wildlife habitats range from very limited (industrial, commercial, and residential
areas) to good quality (forested areas). . The Savannah River, riparian areas, and islands
are also attractive habitats to many wildlife species. As with most sites within and near a
city, habitat is lacking for forest interior species such as nesting neotropical migrant
birds.
Wildlife species in the Project area are typical of those that are suited or are able
to adapt to the influence of man upon the environment. The intersection of forested areas
and scrub vegetation, agricultural fields or pastures (areas known as forest edges) are
particularly attractive to many species of wildlife. Forest edge habitats occur primarily in
the northern portion ofthe Project area near the Augusta Diversion Dam Impoundment
and upper portion of the Augusta Shoals. The forested areas occurring adjacent to the
Augusta Canal and the Savannah River (especially between the Augusta Diversion Dam
and Raw Water Pumping Station) provide both habitat and migration corridors for a
4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
variety of wildlife. Snag habitat (dead trees, fallen timber) also occurs in the area
between the Canal and Savannah River, providing an additional habitat feature attractive
to wildlife such as birds and bats. Summary lists of wildlife species observed at the
ACHP and in adjacent areas are provided in the Wildlife and Botany Resource Report
(Appendix S-3), Please refer to that report, and to the Rare and Protected Species
Resource Report (Appendix S-4), for additional information regarding wildlife resources
near the ACHP.
Botany
A variety of terrestrial habitats exists in the Project area, including hardwood
forests, pine stands, pasture/maintained areas, and wetlands. Developed areas, including
residences, industry, municipal facilities and commercial property also occur in or
immediately adjacent to the Project area, especially along the southern portions ofthe
Project boundary. The Augusta, Georgia metropolitan area is the dominant influence
upon land use and habitat availability in the Project area. Augusta Diversion Dam
Detailed depictions of botanical features and land cover are included in the
Wildlife and Botany Resource Report (Appendix S-3) and the Recreation, Land
Management, and Aesthetics Resource Report (Appendix S-l 0). In general, the Project
area consists of bottomland and riparian species such as river birch, water oak, sycamore
and red maple, with several isolated areas of bald cypress. Also present in the area is a
mixed hardwood forest considered within the bluff community type including red
mulberry, sweetgum, yellow poplar, and various oaks and hickories. The mixed
hardwood forest may include American holly and hophornbeam in more xeric areas and
ironwood, sugarberry, and swamp chestnut oak in mesic to wet areas. A total of 156
5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
plant species (including 18 aquatic plants) and the strata in which they were observed
during the ACHP site reconnaissance (see Wildlife and Botany Resource Report,
Appendix S-3),
The rocky shoals spider lily, a federal species of concern and State of Georgia
designated endangered species, occurs in the Augusta Shoals downstream of the Augusta
Diversion Dam, Refer to the Rare and Protected Species Resource Report (Appendix
S-4) for more information regarding state or federally-listed plant species.
Federally listed Threatened or Endangered Species
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) provided lists of federally
designated threatened or endangered species potentially found near the ACHP in June
1998 and December 2000. Additional information regarding protected species was
obtained in June 2001. Finally, Augusta requested and received updated information
from the USFWS regarding listed species in December 2002, just prior to submittal of the
ACHP License Application filed January 30, 2003ACHP. The following table lists the
federally listed threatened and endangered species (based on the December 2002 USFWS
correspondence) found in the four counties encompassing the Project area:
6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Table E.3-1. Federally listed threatened or endangered species occurring in Columbia
and Richmond Counties, Georgia, and Edgefield and Aiken Counties, South Carolina.
Scientific Name Common Name USFWS ACHP Status
Status
ANIMALS
BIRDS
Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald eagle T Known to occur in the
vicinity of the Project
area
Mycteria americana Wood stork E Not known to occur in
the Project area
Picoides borealis Red-cockaded E Habitat not available
woodpecker at the Project
FISH
Acipenser brevirostrum Shortnose sturgeon E Not known to occur in
Augusta Shoals or
Augusta Canal
MUSSELS
Lasmigona decorata Carolina heel splitter E Not found in survey of
Augusta Shoals
PLANTS
Amphianthus pusillus Pool sprite or T Habitat not available
snorkelwort at the Project
Echinacea laevigata Smooth coneflower E Habitat not available
at the Project
!soetes tegetiformans Mat-forming quillwort E Habitat not available
at the Project
Ptilimnium nodosum Harperella or E Not known to occur in
Piedmont bishop-weed the Project area
Rhus michauxii Michaux's sumac or E Habitat not available
Dwarf sumac ' at the Project
Ribes echinellum Miccosukee T Not known to occur in
gooseberry the Project area
Trillium reliquum Relict trillium E Not known to occur in
the Project boundary
Notes:
E - Endangered
T - Threatened
The species listed in Table E.3-1 and other state-designated species are discussed
in detail in the Rare and Protected Species Resource Report (Appendix SA), with the
exception of Miccosukee gooseberry. Miccosukee gooseberry was not included in the
7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
USFWS's focused list of species remaining of concern provided in December 2000,
Miccosukee gooseberry's only known occurrence in Georgia or South Carolina is in
McCormick County, South Carolina, adjacent to Thurmond Reservoir (USFWS 2003),
approximately 11 miles north ofthe ACHP boundary. Based on the evaluations
performed by the Applicant, no adverse effects to federally listed endangered or
threatened species are anticipated to result from operation of the ACHP.
E.3.ii DESCRIPTION OF MEASURES RECOMMENDED BY THE AGENCIES:
The following section includes a summary description of measures and facilities
recommended by the resource agencies for mitigation of impacts on fish, wildlife, and
botanical resources, or for the protection or improvement of those resources. The
descriptions are based on agency comments on the Draft License Application (see
Appendix E.3, which includes Augusta's responses to the agency comments), which are
organized by resource agency and summarized below, An explanation of why the
Applicant has rejected several measures recommended by the agencies is provided below
in Section E.3.iii.
South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR)
. SCDNR-1: Augusta should continue to coordinate with USGS on the
establishment and operation of a reliable gauge for the Augusta Shoals.
. SCDNR-2: Timing for implementation of upstream fish passage facilities at the
Augusta Diversion Dam should not be contingent on activity regarding fish passage at
Stevens Creek Dam; the responsible state agencies should notify Augusta when
concerns regarding poor water quality no longer apply regarding fish passage at the
Augusta Diversion Dam.
. SCDNR-3: The Project boundary should be expanded to include the Augusta
Shoals and a 200 foot buffer (that would exclude development) along the shoreline
and islands should be established where feasible to help preserve wildlife habitat.
8
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
· SCDNR-4: Exploration of feasible measures to avoid, minimize, and/or
compensate for entrainment of fishes.
Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GDNR)
· GDNR-1: Implement an instream flow regime to protect and enhance habitat in
the Augusta Shoals during all flow conditions; GDNR's recommendations for
minimum flows, which apparently do not apply during "low/drought flow scenarios,"
are 4,000 cfs from February through May and 2,700 cfs from June through January;
specific flow recommendations for low flow or drought periods were not provided.
· GDNR-2: Encouraged implementation of measures to enhance rocky shoals
spider lily populations (refer to Appendix S-4), which include development of a
management plan, re-establishment efforts, and monitoring.
· GDNR-3: Move annual de-watering of the Augusta Canal from summer to
winter.
· GDNR-4: Install a vertical slot fish ladder for fish passage at the Augusta
Diversion Dam on the Georgia side of the Savannah River.
· GDNR-5: Include effectiveness monitoring in plans for upstream fish passage
facilities.
· GDNR-6: Install a full depth louver system across the width of the Augusta
Canal for downstream fish passage.
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
· NMFS-1: Concurred "with the USFWS comments and recommendations in their
entirety" as outlined in the USFWS letter dated June 6, 2002.
· NMFS-2: Recommended that fish passage at the Augusta Diversion Dam should
be provided "as soon as possible and not deferred until passage improvements at the
Stevens Creek Dam are implemented." .
United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
· USFWS-1: Immediate finalization of plans for upstream and downstream fish
passage facilities at the Augusta Diversion Dam followed by immediate
implementation of all necessary engineering design studies.
· USFWS-2: Explore feasible measures to limit or compensate for fish entrainment
and mortality in the final license application.
· USFWS-3: The final Canal Operating Plan should be re-evaluated if there are
major operational changes at Thurmond Dam or Stevens Creek Dam.
9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
· USFWS-4: Preliminary preference for a vertical slot fish ladder on the Georgia or
South Carolina side of the Augusta Diversion Dam to accommodate upstream fish
passage.
· USFWS-5: Vertical slot ladder should include a viewing window and be
designed to accommodate sturgeon; if located on the Georgia side as preferred, the
entrance pool should be located closer to the Augusta Diversion Dam and a dam
notch should be considered if feasible.
· USFWS-6: For downstream fish passage and protection, the following options
were recommended, in priority order: 1) full depth louvers across the entire Augusta
Canal (except for a navigation bypass), between the Canal Headgates and the Raw
Water Pumping Station, with a fish bypass pipe; 2) full depth louvers upstream of the
Canal Headgates using the lock or a dam notch as a downstream bypass (this option
involves measures to create unidirectional flow to facilitate effectiveness); or 3) full
depth louvers at all Canal intakes with a downstream bypass pipe and an Alosid
sound array across the Canal
Appendix E.3 documents communications with the agencies. TIle resource
agencies participated fully in determining the scope of all of the ACHP resource studies,
including the study methods for the Fish Passage and Protection Plan report prepared for
Augusta by Alden Research Laboratories. The report reflects a collaborative effort
between the Applicant and the resource agencies to identify available technologies to
improve passage and protection for fish resources, The resource agencies also
participated fully in developing a Plan of Study for the SRlFS. The SRlFS report was
forwarded to the agencies in September 2002. As of the date of this revised license
application (June 2003), the Applicant has not received formal flow recommendations
from the resource agencies that apply to low flow or drought conditions. Additionally,
the Project inflow conditions (i.e., conditions excluding droughts and low flows) that
would trigger their listed recommendations have not been clearly identified.
10
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
E.3.iii EXISTING AND PROPOSED FACILITIES FOR MITIGATION OF
IMP ACTS ON FISH, WILDLIFE AND BOTANICAL RESOURCES
The Applicant proposes several protection, mitigation or enhancement (PME)
measures in regard to fish, wildlife and botanical resources in the Project vicinity. These
measures include a flow management plan for the Augusta Shoals, upstream fish passage
facilities, actions to limit fish entrainment and turbine mortality, altered Canal operations,
and increased protection for the rocky shoals spider lily. Outside of the purview of the
FERC license, the Applicant would continue to support the existing ACA actions and
multiple land use regulations that serve to limit development in much of the Project
vicinity, thereby protecting wildlife habitat and botanical features. A detailed description
of the relevant land use regulations is presented in Section E.6 of this Exhibit, Land
Management and Aesthetics.
Instream Flows
The Applicant's proposed flow management plan for the Augusta Shoals is
detailed in Section E.2.iii of this Exhibit (Report on Water Use and Quality) and in the
Canal Operating Plan (Appendix S-12). The proposal includes aquatic base flow tiers,
keyed to declared average daily releases from the Thurmond (Clark's Hill) Dam plus
monthly average inflows to the River between the Thurmond Dam and the Augusta
Diversion Dam, which are protective of the aquatic species of the Augusta Shoals. The
Applicant's instream flow proposal represents a significant and positive enhancement in
the flow regime of the Augusta Shoals, from no management under current conditions to
implementation of protective aquatic base flows under a FERC license. It is anticipated
that implementation of the proposed flow management plan would have beneficial effects
1 ]
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
for resident and anadromous fishes, aquatic invertebrates, wildlife, and plants such as
rocky shoals spider lily.
Upstream Fish Passage
The Applicant proposes installation of a vertical slot fish ladder, with movable
baffles designed to allow accommodation of sturgeon in the future, on the South Carolina
side of the Savannah River. Conceptual drawings for this facility are included in Figure
4-5 of the Fish Passage and Protection Plan for the ACHP (Appendix S-5). This
proposed measure mitigates the impact to the fishery resulting from the blockage of the
Savannah River caused by the Augusta Diversion Dam. The South Carolina side of the
River has a lower head and is also the most upstream side of the dam; therefore fish are
more likely to move to that side provided that adequate attraction flows occur.
The Applicant proposes installation of such facilities Augusta Diversion Damafter
satisfaction of the following conditions:
· Completion and successful operation ofthe U.S. Army Corps of Engineers'
(USACE's) proposed new fish passage facility at New Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam,
which is located approximately 20 river miles downstream of the Augusta Diversion
Dam. The proposed facility is a fish bypass channel on the South Carolina side of the
dam.
· The USFWS or NMFS notifies Augusta in writing that the amount of habitat in
the Augusta Shoals (and areas downstream) is not sufficient to support anadromous
fish populations of the Savannah River, including the supporting rationale, thereby
requiring passage to additional habitats above the Augusta Diversion Dam.
· The GDNR notifies Augusta in writing that water quality in the Savannah River
between Thurmond Dam and the Augusta Diversion Dam is no longer subject to low
dissolved oxygen episodes, and that the low temperature concern has been resolved
and how it has been resolved.
]2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
E'(hibi/ E
After those three conditions are met, the Applicant would initiate consultation
with the resource agencies to finalize plans for the upstream fish passage facility. The
following steps and estimated sequential schedule would apply to this process:
. Consultation with the resource agencies - 3 months
. Design - 6 months
· Procurement, permitting, and consultation regarding historic resources - 3 months
. Construction - 8 months
· Startup and operation - 3 months
It is estimated that the time from initiation of consultation with the resource
agencies to facility operation would be approximately 23 months,
Some fish passage currently occurs at New Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam due to
operation of the lock and periodic equalization of flows above and below the dam during
high flow events, It is both reasonable and appropriate, however, to delay installation of
a fish passage facility at the Augusta Diversion Dam until improved and reliable facilities
are provided at New Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam, which is located downstream of the
Augusta Diversion Dam. Operation of the lock is not a reliable mode offish passage due
to the need for substantial repair of the lock. Equalization of flows at New Savannah
Bluff Lock & Dam is dependent on rainfall patterns and USACE operations and is not
entirely predictable. The Augusta Shoals has been identified as a unique and important
habitat for a variety of species. The current ecological benefits of moving fish beyond
the Augusta Shoals, which provides a 1ar~e area of prime habitat, to different and
potentially lower quality habitats upstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam, are unclear.
The Shoals habitat will be more available to anadromous fish after improved passage is
]3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
provided at New Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam, even before passage is provided at the
Augusta Diversion Dam.
Downstream Fish Passage and Protection
The Applicant proposes two actions to minimize entrainment of fish from the
Augusta Canal into the new Augusta Raw Water Pumping Station intakes:
· Once the license is in effect, Augusta would install bar screens with one inch
openings at the new and existing Raw Water Pumping Station intakes, to aid in
exclusion offish from the hydropower intakes, This action would prevent
entrainment of all but the smallest fish, which typically have high levels of
survival in passing through the turbines (see the fish Passage and Protection Plan
for the ACHP, Appendix S-5, Table 7-13),
· Augusta would design its new Raw Water Pumping Station sluice intakes to be
able to accommodate a louver system with a bypass to the Savannah River. The
louver system Raw Water Pumping Stationwould be installed after passage of
shortnose sturgeon upstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam has been documented
by the NMfS or USfWS.
The Applicant's proposed measures provide mitigation for current conditions
(prevention of entrainment offish most likely to suffer turbine mortality) and potential
future conditions (implementation of an additional protective measure for shortnose
sturgeon when warranted). Based on the high estimated survival rate for fish passing
through the Raw Water Pumping Station turbines, especially for the smaller fish most
likely to pass through the bar screens, implementation of downstream fish protection
devices beyond the installation of bar screens is not warranted at this time. Clupeids,
which include American shad, were estimated to survive passage through the Raw Water
Pumping Station turbines at levels exceeding 94 percent (refer to the fish Passage and
Protection Plan for the ACHP, Appendix S-5, Table 7-13). American shad are a key
species of management interest in the Savannah River and outmigrating juveniles may
]4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
appear in the Augusta Canal in the future if spawning adults pass upstream of the
Augusta Diversion Dam.
The Applicant proposes to design the sluices for its new Raw Water Pumping
Station facility to be able to accommodate a louver system and bypass pipe to the
Savannah River as an additional measure for downstream fish passage and protection.
Should the endangered shortnose sturgeon be documented occurring upstream of the
Augusta Diversion Dam by the USFWS and NMFS, the Applicant would then install the
louver system in the new sluices. Louvers would not be installed in the existing intakes;
but the existing intakes and hydro-mechanical units will be relegated to a reserve role
after installation of the proposed facilities, and their bar screens would be refitted with
one inch opening bars. The Applicant anticipates operating the existing hydropower
units only about 4 to 8 hours per month each for maintenance reasons wIllie in reserve
mode. Retrofitting of the Raw Water Pumping Station intakes would be completed
within 9 months of the effective date of the license.
After shortnose sturgeon are documented as passing above the Augusta Diversion
Dam, the Applicant would initiate consultation with the resource agencies to finalize
plans for the downstream fish passage facility. The following steps and estimated
schedule would apply to this process:
· Consultation with agencies - 3 months
· Design - 6 months
· Procurement, permitting, and consultation regarding historic resources - 3 months
· Construction - 6 months
]5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
· Startup and operation - 3 months
It is estimated that the time from initiation of consultation with the resource
agencies to operation would be approximately 21 months.
Canal Drawdown
The Applicant proposes to change the timing of the annual drawdown from
summer to winter in order to mitigate potential impacts to Canal fish (e.g., stress due to
increased water temperature and potentiallylow dissolved oxygen in isolated pools), as
recommended by the GDNR. Annual de-watering presently occurs in the lower portion
of the Augusta Canal, from the Bulkhead Gates to the 13th Street Headgates, for
approximately one week each summer. This de-watering affects approximately 2 miles
of the first level Augusta Canal's total length of 6.9 miles. The purpose of the
de-watering is to allow the hydroelectric facilities operating at the Augusta Canal (Sibley
Mill, King Mill, and Enterprise Mill), which are licensed separately by FERC, to
perform routine maintenance. The Applicant also proposes to give the GDNR advance
notice of plans to de-water the Canal and to perform the drawdown at a rate that allows
fish to migrate out of the Canal as the Canal is emptied.
Rocky Shoals Spider Lily
The Applicant's proposed flow management plan for the Augusta Shoals, which
is discussed above and outlined in more detail in Section E-2 and the Revised Operations
Plan (Appendix 8-12), represents a significant enhancement of the existing condition,
where no flow management occurs. The proposed flow management plan would provide
enhancement for survival and propagation of rocky shoals spider lily in the Augusta
Shoals.
16
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Human collection of bulbs and/or seeds and trampling are recognized as
potentially the greatest threats to this species in the Augusta Shoals. The Applicant
proposes to coordinate with law enforcement staff of the Augusta Canal Authority and
the Georgia Department of Natural Resources regarding increased surveillance of rocky
shoals spider lily populations to reduce or eliminate collection and trampling of
specimens. ACHP
Outside of the scope of the FERC license, the Applicant supports the Greenway
status afforded to the islands in the Augusta Shoals. The islands are owned by Augusta
and permanently protected from development, thus preventing development-related
impacts and protecting the rocky shoals spider lily populations in the river. Greenway
designations are discussed in more detail in Section E-6, Land Management and
Aesthetics.
Consistency with Comprehensive Plans
The Applicant's proposal is consistent with "Elements of consensus on American
shad management in the stretch of Savannah River between Strom Thurmond (Clarks
Hill) Dam and Augusta" (USFWS 1994), which has been accepted by FERC as a Section
10(a)(2)(A) comprehensive plan. The basic goals identified by the USFWS as part of the
plan include:
. continued passage of anadromous fish at New Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam
(New Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam),
· design and implementation of upstream fish passage facilities at the Augusta
Diversion Dam and Stevens Creek Dam,
. improvement of the seasonal condition oflow dissolved oxygen in the Savannah
River, and
]7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
· downstream fish passage for outmigrant anadromous fishes, if deemed necessary.
The Applicant's proposal is consistent with these goals. The USACE is
proceeding with measures to increase the level of dissolved oxygen in the discharge from
Thurmond Dam. Operation of the ACHP does not negatively impact dissolved oxygen
concentrations in the Savannah River.
Explanation of Differences with Agency Recommendations
The following section explains why the Applicant does not concur with certain
measures recommended by the resource agencies. This section is keyed to the numerical
designations and descriptions provided above in Section E.3.ii.
SCDNR
· The Applicant accepts SCDNR recommendations 2 and 4. SCDNR
recommendation 4, which involves downstream fish protection, is the subject of
continuing consultation as of the time of this Application filing.
· SCDNR-l: The Applicant proposes to use federal agency sponsored flow
gauging in the Augusta Canal to document compliance with its operating plan.
The USACE is reported to be installing new gauges in the Augusta Canal and the
Augusta Shoals, and the Applicant supports the actions of the USACE. The
Stevens Creek Hydroelectric project has FERC directed responsibilities to work
with the U.S. Geological Survey for gauging the flow in the Savannah River
(FERC 1996).
· SCDNR-3: 18 CFR S 4.5 1 (h)(2) requires that the Project boundary enclose those
lands necessary for operation and maintenance of the Project and for other Project
purposes. There are no Project purposes that would necessitate inclusion of the
Augusta Shoals or islands downstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam. Those
areas already have protective federal, state, and locally based regulations in place
and inclusion of additional areas in the boundary could cause conflict with the
existing regulations.
The ACHP is well integrated into existing plans and land uses developed under
the purview of managing entities with public input. Augusta proposes to manage the
Project lands consistent with these plans and uses in the future and continued engagement
]8
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
in existing land management programs. Existing land use patterns and restrictions
provide an adequate buffer zone around the Project boundary and preserve public access.
Augusta therefore proposes no further shoreline development measures or buffer zone
provisions at this time. Refer to Section E.6 of this Exhibit for a more detailed discussion
regarding land management and existing regulations providing buffers.
CDNR
· The Applicant accepts GDNR recommendations 3 and 5.
· GDNR-I: The Savannah River Instream Flow Study (SRIFS) results indicate that
flows in the Augusta flows substantially less than 4,000 cfs (during spring) and
2,700 cfs (remainder of the year) are biologically protective. (See SRIfS,
Appendices S-6 and S-7.) A detailed rationale supporting this contention is
presented in Section E.2.iii of this Exhibit E.
· GDNR-2: The Applicant proposes two measures to protect and enhance
populations ofrocky shoals spider lilies: flow management and increased
surveillance by law enforcement personnel. Human trampling and collection has
been identified as a key threat to this species, and the actions of law enforcement
may decrease this threat and source of potential impact. Augusta's actions to
preserve habitat at and near populations of rocky shoals spider lily through the
Greenway program will further protect this species. Considering the measures
proposed and already in place, further management action is not warranted at this
time.
· GDNR-4: The Applicant proposes installation of a vertical slot fish ladder on the
South Carolina side of the Savannah River, not on the Georgia side as
recommended by the GDNR. The South Carolina side ofthe River is farther from
the Canal Headgates, has a lower head to overcome, and is the more upstream
side of the dam. fish are therefore more likely to move to that side, provided that
adequate attraction flows occur.
· GDNR-6: A full depth louver across the width of the Augusta Canal would be
incompatible with the existing aesthetic values of the Augusta Canal, its historic
status, and Canal recreational activities such as tours by replica historic
Petersburg boats (refer to Section E-5 for more detail regarding recreation and
Petersburg boats).
NMFS
19
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
· NMFS-l: comment number 1 relates support for comments provided by the
USFWS regarding fish passage and protection. Those comments are addressed
below.
· NMFS-2: It is both reasonable and prudent to require satisfaction ofthree
conditions prior to the installation of upstream fish passage facilities: completion
and successful operation of the planned fish passage facilities at New Savannah
Bluff Lock & Dam (located downstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam),
notification by the USFWS or NMFS that aquatic species require more habitat
than is available downstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam, and notification by
the GDNR that water quality upstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam is of
sufficient quality to support fish.
Existing fish passage at New Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam relies on either high
flows over the dam or operation of the lock. High flows are dependent upon a
combination of heavy rainfall and USACE operations and are not entirely predictable.
Locking may not prove to be a reliable mechanism because the lock at New Savannah
Bluff Lock & Dam is in need of substantial repair. The Augusta Shoals contain
extensive, excellent habitat for anadromous species such as American shad, and it is
prudent to wait until population levels of such species increase to levels requiring more
habitat before they pass into potentially less suitable habitat upstream of the Augusta
Diversion Dam. Finally, seasonally low dissolved oxygen levels have long been a
concern in the Savannah River downstream of Thurmond Dam. While the USACE is
beginning to install autoventing turbines at the dam and preliminary results are
promising, it is prudent to ensure that these measures will provide adequate levels of
dissolved oxygen prior to passing fish upstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam.
USFWS
· The Applicant accepts USFWS recommendations 2, 3, and 4.
· USFWS-I: Refer to discussion ofNMFS-2, above, for reasons why upstream fish
passage facilities should not be finalized immediately. Downstream fish passage
measures are not warranted in the near term because survival is high for the small
20
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
fish capable of being entrained at the Raw Water Pumping Station. In the future,
if adult or juvenile shortnose sturgeon occur upstream of the Augusta Diversion
Dam and are subject to possible entry into the Canal, the Applicant has proposed
that louvers be installed in its sluiceways to protect short nose sturgeon and
provide a bypass back to the Savannah River. The practical result of the delay in
implementation of downstream fish passage facilities could be development of
improved options in the future, based on possible increases in the science or
technology of fish passage.
· USFWS-5: The Applicant proposes installation of a vertical slot fish ladder on
the South Carolina side of the Savannah River, not on the Georgia side as
proposed by the USFWS. The South Carolina side of the River is farther from the
Canal Headgates, has a lower head to overcome, and is the more upstream side of
the dam. fish are therefore more likely to move to that side, provided that
adequate attraction flows occur.
· USfWS-6: A full depth louver across the width of the Augusta Canal would be
incompatible with the existing aesthetic values of the Augusta Canal, its historic
status, and Canal recreational activities such as tours by replica historic
Petersburg boats (refer to Section E-5 for more detail regarding recreation and
Petersburg boats).
Installation of stnlchlres in the Augusta Diversion Dam impoundment to provide
unidirectional flow necessary for a full depth louver upstream of the Canal Headgates is
not feasible from an engineering/cost perspective, relative to the other options. This
option was not evaluated in the fish passage shldies completed by the Applicant, which
were scoped with the full participation of the USFWS. Further engineering analysis
would be necessary, but most likely the flow at the Canal Headgates would require a
concrete wall rather than sheet pile walls as suggested by USFWS. Bedrock is located at
the surface near the Augusta Diversion Dam and the use of sheet piling is not a feasible
option. If a louver were installed in the Augusta Diversion Dam Impoundment at the
Headgates, underwater concrete construction would result in much higher overall cost
than the other louver alternatives evaluated.
21
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Augusta's proposal includes bar rack screens and design preparation for a
louver/bypass in its new sluiceways, with implementation of the louver/bypass dependent
upon the documented passage of shortnose sturgeon upstream of the Augusta Diversion
Dam. The bar rack screen will prevent entrainment of many larger fish. Since survival
of juvenile Alosids through the Raw Water Pumping Station turbines is estimated to be
high (greater than 94 percent, see Table 7-13 of the fish Passage and Protection report),
installation of an Alosid-proof array is not warranted.
E.3.iv DESCRIPTION OF CONTINUINC IMP ACTS, OR INCREMENTAL
IMPACTS RESULTINC FROM NEW DEVELOPMENT
Potential impacts related to instream flows in the Augusta Shoals or lack of
upstream fish passage facilities at the Augusta Diversion Dam will be ameliorated by the
proposed PME measures described above. There is some potential for continuing
impacts to fishery resources in regard to Canal drawdowns and turbine mortality at the
Raw Water Pumping Station, which is located outside the Project boundary.
It is possible that fish may become stranded in isolated pools during de-watering
of the Augusta Canal during maintenance activities, or during Canal de-watering required
for installation of the new water mains that are to be constructed across and beneath the
Canal to carry water from the new pumping facilities to the existing water main located
west of the Canal. Isolation could lead to fish mortality if the pools became subject to
increased temperatures, lowered dissolved oxygen levels, or increased predation. As
discussed above, the Applicant proposes two PME measures to lessen this potential
impact: gradual de-watering to allow migration of fish out of the affected area and
moving the scheduled de-watering from summer to winter. The proposed change in the
22
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
timing of Canal de-watering would further decrease the risk of impacts related to
temperature and dissolved oxygen.
There will likely be minor continuing impact to fish resources of the Augusta
Canal in regards to Raw Water Pumping Station turbine mortality as indicated in Table
7-15 of the Fish Passage and Protection report (Appendix S-5). An estimated II ,772 fish
would be subject to entrainment mortality annually at the Raw Water Pumping Station,
with approximately 60 percent of those losses comprising Cyprinids (minnows), gizzard
shad, and threadfin shad. These losses are not known to have negatively impacted the
overall fishery of the Augusta Canal. The GDNR indicated that the Canal supports "very
good fisheries" for species such as bluegill, redbreast sunfish, and chain pickerel (refer to
the GDNR letter dated January 27, 2003 in Appendix E.3). The Applicant proposes two
measures to limit fish entrainment and mortality, bar rack screens and ,installation of
louvers in the Raw Water Pumping Station sluices if shortnose sturgeon are documented
as passing upstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam. Incremental impacts from increased
raw water pumping over time are expected to be minimal due to the factors described
above.
Impacts to wildlife or botanical resources from Project activities are not anticipated.
E.3.v ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
(A) Functional designs for fish passage options are included in the Report "Fish
Passage and Protection Plan" appended to this application (Appendix S-5).
(B) Operation and Maintenance provisions for fish passage facilities are discussed in
Appendix S-5, but cannot be finalized until such time as the facilities are
designed and constructed.
(C) Implementation timing for upstream and downstream fish passage facilities are
subject to actions outside the applicant's control as described above in section
23
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
E.3.iii. However, when implementation is initiated, it is estimated to take
approximately 22 months (downstream fish passage) to 24 months (upstream fish
passage) for the facilities to be designed in consultation with the agencies,
constructed, and begin operation.
(D) Estimated costs (in August 2001 dollars) for design and construction of a vertical
slot fish ladder on the South Carolina side ofthe Savannah River are $736,000,
with annual operation and maintenance costs of $1 0,000. Estimated costs for
design and construction oflouvers in the Raw Water Pumping Station sluiceway
with a bypass pipe are $2,009,000, plus annual operation and maintenance costs
of $40,000. Additional information regarding cost estimates for upstream and
downstream fish passage facilities are included in the "Fish Passage and
Protection Plan" Report (Appendix S-5).
(E) A conceptual drawing of a proposed vertical slot fish ladder on the South
Carolina side of the Savannah River is depicted in Figure 4-13 of the "Fish
Passage and Protection Plan" Report (Appendix S-5). A conceptual drawing of a
proposed louverlbypass system at the Raw Water Pumping Station is depicted in
Figure 5-13 of that report. Additional infom1ation regarding conceptual
drawings for upstream and downstream fish passage facilities also is included in
the "Fish Passage and Protection Plan" Report.
E.3 Consultation Record: Included in Appendix E.3
24
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
E'Chibit E
E.4 Report on Historic and Archeological Resources
INTRODUCTION
Construction of the Augusta Canal began in 1845. The Canal was initially
proposed as a means of providing improved cotton barge access to Augusta, water power
for the development of textile manufacturing, and a water source for Augusta. Although
the Canal resulted in increased cotton barge traffic, it proved somewhat of a
disappointment as a water power project because it could provide only 600 horsepower
for industrial enterprises. A variety of measures were initiated in order to encourage
industrial development along the Canal. In 1874 a Canal improvement project began
which resulted in deepening and widening of the Canal to its present configuration,
construction of the second and third levels of the Canal, and construction of the present
Augusta Diversion Dam. These measures increased the power potential of the Canal to
an estimated 14,000 horsepower (NPS 1998). By 1897, increased water demand
resulting from industrial and population growth in Augusta led to construction of
relocated waterworks. Previous waterworks were located on the southwest side of the
Canal near 15th Street. The relocated facility is the present raw water pumping station.
With the availability of raw cotton, expanded manufacturing capabilities, and a reliable
water supply, Augusta grew to become one of the leading textile manufacturing cities in
the South by the early 1900s (NPS 1998).
Today, the Augusta Canal remains fully operational and continues to serve its
original purposes of industrial power generation and water supply. Only three of the
early mills (Enterprise, King, and Sibley Mills) have survived, but the Canal provides a
substantial portion ofthe power that they require. The Canal also continues to furnish
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Augusta with hydro-mechanical power for pumping raw water from the Augusta Canal at
the raw water pumping station.
The Augusta Canal is the central historic element ofthe Augusta Canal and
Historic Augusta Canal and Industrial District National Historic Landmark (Historic
Landmark District), which was designated in 1978 by the National Park Service (NPS)
(NPS 2002). Virtually the entire Augusta Canal Hydropower Project (ACHP or Project)
is contained within the Historic Landmark District boundary, and many components of
the ACHP, such as the Augusta Diversion Dam, the Augusta Diversion Dam
Impoundment, and the Canal Headgates, are contributing elements of the Historic
Landmark District. Designation of the Historic Landmark District recognized the
historic, industrial, and engineering significance of the Augusta Canal.
The Augusta Canal was designated a National Heritage Area by the United States
Congress in 1996, forming a cooperative partnership between the NPS and the Augusta
Canal Authority (Canal Authority), an independent entity created by the Georgia General
Assembly and charged with management of the lands surrounding the Augusta Canal.
The NPS and Canal Authority partnership is intended to blend education, cultural
conservation, resource protection, recreation, and community revitalization.
The Augusta Canal Master Plan (Canal Master Plan), published by the Canal
Authority (Canal Authority 1993), is the main planning document guiding and directing
preservation and development of the area surrounding the Augusta Canal. The Canal
Master Plan, which was developed by the Canal Authority and NPS with extensive
resource agency and public involvement, represents a multiple use plan that "identifies
actions to preserve and interpret the Canal and related resources, while also proposing
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
strategies to extend the influence of the Canal and its setting to enhance the natural and
urban environment of Augusta" (Canal Authority 1993). Preservation of the historic
resources and setting of the Augusta Canal area is the core of the Canal Master Plan. The
Canal Master Plan encourages continued operation of the industrial textile mills and
specifically provides for preservation and expansion ofthe raw water pumping station so
that the Canal can continue to fulfill two of its original purposes, water supply and power.
Elements of the ACHP are themselves historic resources and contributing
elements of the Augusta Canal and Hi~toric Landmark District. Continued operation of
the ACHP will have no adverse effects on historic or archeological resources because the
ACHP and its operation are functionally compatible with the Historic Landmark District
and consistent with the historic uses of the resource, hydropower and water supply.
Proposed facility expansions at the raw water pumping station, which are independent
from the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project License Application, would result in
physical and visual effects to historic and archeological resources listed or eligible for
inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (Historic Register), including the
Augusta Canal. Some of the construction activities associated with the raw water
pumping station expansion would occur within the ACHP boundary (intakes and pipeline
crossings under the canal). Mitigation measures designed in consultation with the
Georgia Department of Natural Resources Historic Preservation Division (HPD) would
ensure that any effects resulting from Project implementation would not be adverse.
Additionally, Augusta is developing a Historic Properties Managerrient Plan to establish
the protocol for managing the effects of activities associated with constructing (any new
3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
or proposed facilities), operating, and maintaining the ACHP over the entire term of its
license.
E.4.i IDENTIFICATION OF LISTED OR ELIGIBLE HISTORIC RECISTER
SITES
A cultural resources survey was performed to identify resources listed or eligible
for inclusion on the Historic Register that are located in the Project area. The results of
that survey are presented in Appendix S-9, Cultural Resource Survey of the Augusta
Canal Hydropower Project, and are summarized below.
Augusta plans to construct new facilities at the raw water pumping station, in an
area located outside the Project boundary. The new facilities are independent from the
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project License Application and would consist of two new
buildings housing hydro-mechanical turbines and diesel-powered pumps, new sluices
. leading to the hydro-mechanical turbines, a new tailrace connecting to the existing
tailrace, and a new operations building. Expansion at the raw water pumping station
would require construction of a new water intake on the Canal bank to divert water to the
new sluices. Two new water main pipes would be constructed across and beneath the
Canal to carry water from the new facilities to an existing water main located west of the
Canal. The new water intake and the water main pipes would be located within the
Project boundary, and their construction would require dewatering of the Augusta Canal
for a period of up to six weeks.
The area of potential effect (APE) considered in the cultural resources survey was
identified in consultation with the HPD to assess the potential effects of the ACHP and
the raw water pumping station facility expansion. The HPD confirmed by letter its
agreement with the APE (refer to Appendix EA). The APE consists of three areas. The
4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
first APE is defined by the Augusta Canal and Historic Landmark District boundary. The
second APE encompasses the viewshed of the 14-acre area of potential physical impact
associated with raw water pumping station facility expansion, extending in all directions
from the Augusta Canal Towpath Trail. The third APE consists ofthe 14-acre area of
potential physical impact in the immediate vicinity of the Raw Water Pumping Station.
The boundaries of these various APEs are depicted in Figures 1.2 through 1.4 of
Appendix S-9.
Augusta Canal and Historic Landmark District
Virtually the entire ACHP boundary is contained within the Augusta Canal and
Historic Landmark District in Richmond and Columbia Counties, GA. The Augusta
Canal and Historic Landmark District boundary is depicted in Appendix S-9, Cultural
Resource Survey of the ACHP. The NPS designated the Augusta Canal and Historic
District as a Historic Landmark District in 1978. The NPS enlarged the boundaries of the
Historic Landmark District in 1998 to include additional associated historic elements
identified during a Historic American Engineering Record study performed in 1977.
According to the revised nomination form (NPS 1977), the Augusta Canal and Historic
Landmark District is significant in three major areas: Postbellum period Southern
industrialization, Southern canal engineering, and the distinctive architectural styles
exhibited by the associated textile mills. The contributing features of this district that are
contained within the ACHP boundary include:
~ the Augusta Canal,
. the 1845-47 Headgate,
o the 1874-77 Headgate/Canal lock,
. the Canal Gates at the Columbia-Richmond County line, opposite Lake Warren,
immediately below the raw water pumping station, just below the Canal's junction
with Rae's Creek, and at 13th Street,
5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
. the 1845-1846 Canal Dam (contained within the Augusta Diversion Dam
Impoundment),
o the 1874-77 Augusta Diversion Dam,
. the 1885 Concrete Fish Ladder, and
. the Augusta Diversion Dam Impoundment.
In addition to the features contained within the ACHP boundary, a number of
other contributing features also occur along the Canal. Features along the Canal include
the raw water pumping ~tation, the Lock Keeper's House, and the three industrial mill
complexes (Enterprise, Sibley, and King).
Continued operation of the ACHP will have no adverse effect on the Augusta
Canal and Historic Landmark District or any of its contributing features. The ACHP is
functionally compatible with the Historic Landmark District and consistent with the
historic uses of the resource, hydropower and water supply. The new raw water pumping
station facilities and their construction will affect two contributing elements of the
Augusta Canal and Historic Landmark District, the Canal and the raw water pumping
station. All of the proposed works, both inside and outside the Project boundary, will be
designed to minimize adverse visual effects to the Augusta Canal, the raw water pumping
station, and their historic setting (see Section EA.ii below). The remaining contributing
elements of the Historic Landmark District will be unaffected by construction of the new
raw water pumping station facilities because all of the new facilities will be visually
isolated from the other Historic Landmark District contributing features.
Charleston and Western Carolina Railroad Bridge
The Charleston and Western Carolina (C&WC) Railroad bridge, which is now
owned by Central and Southern Railroad (CSX), crosses the Augusta Canal just south of
the raw water pumping station facility campus and is in the second APE. This steel truss
6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
bridge was built in 1927 and represents a good example of an early 20th century steel
truss railroad bridge. The Cultural Resource Survey of the Augusta Canal Hydropower
Project (Appendix S-9) recommended the bridge as eligible for the Historic Register
under Criterion C (Engineering-Railroad Bridges) at the local level of significance.
Continued operation of the ACHP will have no effect on the C& WC Railroad
bridge. The planned expansion of the raw water pumping station facilities will have no
physical effects on the bridge, but will result in visual effects to the bridge because the
proposed raw water pumping station facilities would be visible from the bridge. The
Cultural Resource Survey of the ACHP (Appendix S-9) concluded that these effects
would not be considered adverse.
Archeological Resources
The Cultural Resource Survey of the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
(Appendix S-9) identified three archeological sites within the second APE. Of these
sites, two (9RI 158 and 9RI 172) were previously described and one (9RI 1 090) was
previously unrecorded.
Site 9RIl72 is a prehistoric lithic and ceramic scatter and historic period scatter
(see The Cultural Resource Survey of the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project, Appendix
S-9, Figure 6.2 for location). Historic component features of the site are likely the
remains of "squatter's shacks" that were located between the Canal and the River in the
middle 1970s (GDNR 1976). The historic period component at 9RI 172 was
recommended ineligible for the Historic Register. The prehistoric component of Site
9RI172 was previously determined eligible for the Historic Register (Bowen and
Robertson 1984). Neither continued operation of the ACHP nor the planned expansion of
7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
the raw water pumping station facilities would affect the site. Site 9RI172 will be
preserved in place.
Site 9Rl1 090 is a prehistoric lithic scatter and historic period subsurface scatter
located on a ridge terrace. (See The Cultural Resource Survey of the Augusta Canal
Hydropower Project, Appendix S-9, Figure 6.2 for location.) The site also contains early
to middle 20th century structural features that are thought to be "squatter's shacks"
remnants. The site reflects a high level of disturbance from erosion, site use, and
structure demolition. The Cultural Resource Survey of the Augusta Canal Hydropower
Project (Appendix S-9) recommended the site as ineligible for the Historic Register.
Site 9RI158 is a large prehistoric lithic and ceramic scatter and historic period
refuse scatter (see the Cultural Resource Survey of the Augusta Canal Hydropower
Project, Appendix S-9, Figure 6.2 for location). Site 9RIl58 contains evidence of
occupation from the Paleoindian Period through the late 20th century (Ledbetter 1988).
This site was initially recorded by Bowen (1984). Subsequent Phase II testing (Bowen
1984) verified the site's eligibility for the Historic Register. Phase III data recovery
excavations were performed at a portion of the site in 1987 before construction of the
River Watch Parkway (Ledbetter 1988). Continued operation of the ACHP will have no
effect on the site, but the planned expansion of the raw water pumping station will result
in adverse physical effects to the site. Augusta will continue its consultations with the
SHPO for the purpose of attempting to reach agreement on the terms of a Section 106
Memorandum of Agreement to resolve such adverse effects.
E.4.ii ACENCY RECOMMENDATIONS AND LICENSEE'S PROPOSAL
Augusta prepared and issued an Initial Consultation Package (ICP) to initiate the
historic resource consultation process in July 2000. The ICP was submitted to multiple
8
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
E.:\hibit E
state and federal resource agencies, including HPD, for review and comment. HPD
responded to the ICP submittal by letter dated September 25,2000, and requested
completion of a Phase I archeological survey of the Project's APE and submittal of a
cultural resources management report.
A copy of the Cultural Resource Survey of the Augusta Canal Hydropower
Project (Appendix S-9) was submitted to the HPD. By letter dated December 30, 2002,
the HPD provided comments on the report. The HPD concurred with the findings of the
cultural resource survey report regarding sites listed or eligible for inclusion on the
Historic Register. The HPD also provided three recommendations, which are provided
below:
I. Removal of the existing water main pipe across the Canal could have an adverse
effect on the historic integrity of the raw water pumping station. In-place
preservation of the pipe should be considered.
2. Project archeologist should notify HPD when dewatering of the Canal occurs and
local law enforcement should be asked to increase patrols if the Project
archeologist locates deposits during dewatering.
3. Proposed construction of new rmv water pumping station facilities could have an
adverse visual effect on the Augusta Canal and Historic Landmark District.. Plans
and elevations for the proposed new buildings should be submitted to HP D for
review.
Augusta will comply with all of the HPD recommendations. The existing 30"
water main pipe (c. 1898) over the Augusta Canal. at the raw water pumping station will
remain in service to avoid an adverse effect on the historic integrity of the raw water
pumping station. The HPD had no objections to removal of the 42" pipeline (c. 1974)
which parallels the historic pipeline. The 42" pipeline will be removed.
As mitigation for the adverse physical effect to the Historic Register listed
archeological site (Site 9RI158) associated with installation of the new water main pipes,
Augusta will conduct a Phase III data recovery effort prior to Project implementation.
9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Undisturbed portions of the site will be preserved in place. A professional archeologist
will notify the HPD of Canal dewatering plans and be on site to monitor excavations in
the Canal during dewatering. Canal Authority staff will provide security for the Canal by
periodically patrolling the site during dewatering.
All of the raw water pumping station facilities proposed works, including those
located inside the Project boundary, will be designed to minimize adverse visual effects
to the Augusta Canal and Historic Landmark District and its historic setting. The HPD
has been actively consulted during the design of the proposed Project facilities. At the
request of HPD, the exterior architecture of the new raw water pumping station facilities
will be designed to be compatible with the historic setting of the existing raw water
pumping station buildings but distinguishable from the historic buildings. Computer
generated model views of the proposed facilities are included in Appendix S-lO, the
Recreation, Land Management and Aesthetics Resource Study Report. Limited tree
clearing adjacent to both sides of the Augusta Canal north of the existing raw water
pumping station will be required at the proposed construction site, but the activity will
not substantially affect the overall forested setting of the area. Augusta will continue to
consult HPD regarding the design considerations incorporated in the raw water pumping
station facility expansion to ensure that the facilities do not result in an adverse visual
effect on the Augusta Canal and Historic Landmark District.
At HPD's request, Augusta is currently developing a Historic Properties
Management Plan (HPMP). The HPMP will establish the protocol for managing the
effects of the activities associated with constructing (any new or proposed facilities),
operating, and maintaining the ACHP over the term of its license. The HPMP will
10
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
require cultural resource surveys and resource agency and interested party consultation to
determine the potential effects of all Project undertakings on historic properties or
contributing elements of historic districts.
Plans for fish passage at the Augusta Diversion Dam and fish protection at the
Canal and raw water pumping station are currently being evaluated in consultation with
state and federal resource agencies. These facilities could result in adverse visual or
physical effects to the Augusta Diversion Dam, the Canal, or other contributing elements
of the Augusta Canal and Historic Landmark District. If planning for these facilities
advances, implementation of the HPMP would ensure compliance with regulations for
historic preservation through consultation with the HPD, the NPS and the Canal
Authority, among others. The final design of any fish passage and protection facilities
would include consideration for preventing or minimizing the physical and visual impact
to the Augusta Diversion Dam, the Augusta Canal, and other contributing elements of the
Augusta Canal and Historic Landmark District.
Augusta's proposal for operation of the Augusta Canal reflects a continuation of
the historic operation of the Canal with new features designed to offer protective flows to
the areas of shoals bypassed by the diversion of water into the Augusta Canal. (Please
refer to the Augusta Canal Operations Plan in Appendix S-12.) Because the proposed
plan does not substantially change the availability of water to the Augusta Canal users,
Augusta did not evaluate any secondary impacts to the historic features or primary socio-
economic impacts to the Augusta Canal environs or its community resulting from
restricted availability of water to the hydroelectric users. Should there be proposed
] 1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
E:'(hibit E
changes to the availability of water to the hydroelectric users, there would be grave
consequences that must be defined and understood.
Facilities Proposed by Others
As described in Exhibit E.5, Report on Recreational Resources, other
management entities such as the Canal Authority have planned multiple facility
enhancements or developments that would take place within or adjacent to the Project
boundary. Such plans include the Augusta Headgates National Heritage Area Master
Plan (NPS/Canal Authority 1999), the Chaffee Park Master Plan, renovation of historic
structures at the Headgates area, and construction of Petersburg boat docking facilities in
the Canal. All of the proposed works, both inside and outside the Project boundary,
would be designed to minimize adverse visual effects to the Augusta Canal and its
historic setting in consultation with the HPD. For example, the new pedestrian bridge
over the Canal and the kayak/canoe launching facilities identified in the Headgates
Master Plan would be sited downstream of the historic zone at the Headgates area. All
facilities proposed by others would be developed in close consultation with regulating
resource agencies and in compliance with all local zoning ordinances. These measures
would ensure that the Augusta Canal and Historic Landmark District and its contributing
elements would not be adversely affected.
E.4.iii INFORMATION ON SURVEY AND SALVACE ACTIVITIES
Survey and salvage activities will take place in conjunction with the raw water
pumping station facility expansion, which is scheduled to occur over the period of 2004
to 2007. Though this Project is independent from the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
License Application, water intake construction and pipeline installation associated with
the raw water pumping station facility expansion would affect the Augusta Canal within
12
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
the Project boundary. As mitigation for the adverse physical effect to an Historic
Register-listed archeological site (Site 9R1158) associated with the pipeline installation,
Augusta would conduct a Phase III data recovery effort prior to Project implementation.
This effort would consist of artifact recovery from the proposed impacted areas within
the bounds of the archeological site. Following recovery, all artifacts would be prepared
for final curation and archived. It is estimated that the data recovery effort would be
completed over a period of approximately three to four months and at an estimated cost
of $200,000, assuming human remains are not discovered.
At the request of the HPD, Augusta would also ensure that a Project archeologist
would be on site to monitor excavations within the Canal, its berms, and banks during
pipeline installation. It is estimated that Canal excavation activities would occur over
approximately two weeks. Costs associated with archeological monitoring during that
time period would be approximately $10,000.
# 1167539
13
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
E.5 Report on Recreational Resources
INTRODUCTION
The Augusta Canal Hydropower Project (ACHP or Project) is located within and
adjacent to lands that fall under the jurisdiction of a variety of entities involved with
recreation planning and management. The lead entity is the Augusta Canal Authority
(Canal Authority), an independent entity created by the Georgia General Assembly. The
Canal Authority is charged with management of the lands surrounding the Augusta Canal
and actively participates in recreation planning and development activities within the
Project boundary. In addition, Federal, state, and local governments are all involved with
recreation resource issues in the vicinity of the Project, and each level provides
recreational opportunities and facilities.
Recreation within and surrounding the Project boundary is interconnected with
land management and existing land uses in the area. Therefore, this report should be
considered in concert with Section E.6, Report on Land Management and Aesthetics.
The Augusta Canal Master Plan, published by the Canal Authority (Canal Master Plan)
(Canal Authority 1993), is the main planning document guiding and directing land
management and recreation in the area surrounding the Augusta Canal. The Project
boundary is wholly contained within the designated area covered by the Canal Master
P.lan. The Canal Master Plan was developed with significant resource agency and public
involvement and was intended to serve as a "long term guide to the preservation and
development of the Augusta Canal in order to maximize its benefits to the community."
(Ibid.) Recreation is a key component of the Canal Master Plan, and the plan
recommends that the lands between the Canal and the Savannah River (excluding the
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
developed, urban areas in the most downstream reach of the Canal) be established as a
park combining the natural setting with developed recreational facilities.
The practical result of the ACHP's location in this setting is that recreation
opportunities are generally well managed and provided for via existing plans and
facilities. Lands within and immediately adjacent to the ACHP boundary support a
variety of diverse recreation pursuits including both land- and water-based activities. The
Canal Authority is also actively implementing a series of resource enhancements that will
increase recreational use of lands within and bordering the Project, while ensuring
,.
preservation of the historic setting and character of the Augusta Canal. Partnership of the
Canal Authority with the National Park Service (Park Service), Columbia County, and
Augusta has resulted in effective balancing and management of recreation and resource
protection in the Project area. Recreation within the ACHP boundary is already well
integrated into existing plans developed under the purview of local managing entities,
largely the Canal Authority, with public input. Augusta proposes to continue to support
the Canal Authority's recreation management and planning role over Project lands in the
future. Existing facilities provide a range of recreation opportunities within the Project
boundary, but recreational use could be improved by enhanced access through and within
the Project boundary. A number of projects proposed, planned, or recently initiated,
independent from the ACHP License Application, will provide improved access and
enhanced recreation within and adjacent to the Project. These projects will include
recreation enhancement measures that are consistent with existing recreation and land
management plans and with resource agency recommendations. Augusta therefore
proposes continued engagement with the Canal Authority and other managing entities,
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
but it proposes no further specific recreation facility enhancements or measures within
the context of the requested FERC license at this time.
The Canal Master Plan identifies multiple proposed recreation facility projects
and measures to enhance recreational use of the area surrounding the Augusta Canal,
including new park development, existing facility improvements, and linkages to provide
enhanced recreational access throughout the Project area. The Canal Authority is
actively implementing the Canal Master Plan in coordination with the Park Service, the
Georgia State Historic Preservation Officer, the City of Augusta, Columbia County, and
other local municipal governments. As evidenced by the projects described herein, the
Canal Authority has been successful in securing grants, donations, funding provided by
Augusta through the assignments of the contracts with the Mills for the use of the Canal
water, and other monies to fund and implement projects identified in the Canal Master
Plan. These projects will increase the accessibility, use, and conservation of the Augusta
Canal and all of its uses.
E.5.i DESCRIPTION OF EXISTINC RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
Recreational resource opportunities within and surrounding the Augusta
metropolitan area, which is located in east-central Georgia and west-central South
Carolina, are abundant and diverse. Both land-based and water-based activities are
actively pursued at a variety of existing federal, state, and locally managed facilities
surrounding the Project. The Recreation, Land Management and Aesthetics Resource
Study Report (Appendix S-l 0) provides a detailed review of the recreational pursuits and
facilities available within or adjacent to the Project boundary and in the surrounding
region. Those pursuits and facilities are summarized below.
3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Regional Facilities
A number of public and privately managed park facilities in the region
surrounding the ACHP support a variety of land-based recreational activities that include
hiking, biking, camping, viewing of natural and historic features, hunting, and individual
and team athletic sports. The location of the Project area along the Savannah River and
its proximity to large reservoirs also affords the region with a variety of water-based
recreational activities. Fishing, swimming, motor boating, kayaking and canoeing,
rowing, viewinK,of boat races and regattas, and water skiing are all actively pursued in
the region.
Each of the counties surrounding the Project (Augusta-Richmond and Columbia
Counties, Georgia; Edgefield and Aiken Counties, South Carolina) maintains and
operates a system of park facilities. These facilities provide a range of recreational
opportunities including athletic fields, gymnasiums, playgrounds, picnic areas, camping
facilities, and multi-use trails and bikeways. Riverwalk Augusta which is operated by
Augusta, is a riverfront park in downtown Augusta that contains an outdoor amphitheater,
marina (providing access to the New Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam pool and the
Augusta Shoals), playground, picnic areas, and horticultural displays. Riverwalk
Augusta, which is operated by Augusta, plays host to a variety of events and festivals
throughout the year and serves to attract tourists and businesses to the area.
Both Georgia and South Carolina operate state parks that provide multiple
recreational opportunities at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Thurmond
Reservoir, which is located within 20 miles of the Augusta metropolitan area. The states
also maintain Wildlife Management Areas in Richmond, Columbia, and Aiken Counties
4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
that provide the public with hunting and passive recreational opportunities. The U.S.
forest Service (USfS) Sumter National Forest, Long Cane District is located
approximately eight miles north of Augusta and provides significant recreational
opportunities and a variety of facilities. Multiple natural areas in the Project area
operated by a variety of entities provide natural resource protection, nature viewing, and
educational interpretation. These facilities include the Phinizy Swamp Nature Park
(Augusta, Southeastern Natural Sciences Academy), the Savannah River Bluffs Heritage
Park (South Carolina), the Silver l?luffNature Center (Audubon Society), and Heggie's
Rock (The Nature Conservancy). Refer to Appendix S-] 0, the Recreation, Land
Management and Aesthetics Resource Study Report, for further discussion of these
facilities.
Thurmond Reservoir offers substantia] opportunities for fishing, boating, and
water skiing in close proximity to Augusta. Multiple boat launching and camping
facilities operated by the USACE, Georgia, South Carolina, and the USFS provide access
to Thurmond Reservoir and the surrounding area. Stevens Creek Reservoir, in contrast,
has shallow water and numerous stumps which result in lower levels of water-based
recreation there, though ample access is provided by South Carolina Electric and Gas
(SCE&G), USFS, and Columbia County. Many boat ramps and picnic facilities are
operated by the USACE, SCE&G, and local governments and provide access to the
Savannah River throughout the Project area (see Figure 1-2 in Appendix S-] 0, the
Recreation, Land Management and Aesthetics Resource Study Report).
A variety of boating-related activities, including rowing and dragboat races,
occur in the Savannah River/New Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam pool, approximately
5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
two river miles downstream of the ACHP tailrace. The Augusta Rowing Club maintains
year-round training programs for juniors, adults, and Olympic-level rowers (Augusta
Rowing Club 2002) and sponsors numerous regattas throughout the year. A national
dragboat race attracting approximately 25,000 spectators is held in the New Savannah
Bluff Lock and Dam pool in July of each year (Canal Authority 2002a).
Facilities 'Within and Adjacent to the Project Boundary
The regional and local significance of the Augusta Canal is exemplified by the
number and variety of recreational resources and facilities that occur within and adjacent
to the Project boundary. The Project boundary is contained within the Augusta Canal and
Historic District National Historic Landmark (Historic Landmark District). The Historic
Landmark District was designated in 1977 by the Park Service (Park Service) (Park
Service 2002a) and is important as a site for both recreation and land management. The
Augusta Canal was designated a~ a National Heritage Area by the United States Congress
in 1996, forming a cooperative partnership between the Canal Authority and the Park
Service to blend education, cultural conservation, resource protection, recreation, and
community revitalization. Interpretation of the historic and regional significance ofthe
Augusta Canal is provided by the recently opened Augusta Canal Interpretive Center,
which is housed in Enterprise Mill and operated by the Canal Authority. This $3.2
million facility, which was funded by the Park Service and the Canal Authority, provides
visitors with an overview of the Canal's construction, the Canal's history, and the physics
and mechanics of industrial hydropower generation.
Multiple park facilities operated by Columbia County and Augusta are located
along the Canal. These facilities provide opportunities for recreation; and they function
6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
as gateways, providing access to the Canal and lands lying between the Canal and the
Savannah River that are used for passive recreation. The Savannah Rapids Pavilion is a
multi-purpose handicap accessible community and conference center that overlooks the
Canal Headgates and the Diversion Dam. The site contains a 31-acre park with a
playground, picnic areas and an open stages and it provides access to the TO'vvpath Trail
and Savannah River bypass reach via the Canal Headgates. The Savannah Rapids
Pavilion is an integral part of planned recreational enhancements and improvements at
the Canal Headgates area, as discussed in "Measures or Facilities Proposed by Applicant"
below.
Lake Olmstead Park consists of 113 acres and has a variety of facilities including
athletic fields, trails, picnic areas, playgrounds, and a boat ramp (Augusta Recreation and
Parks 2002). Fishing and boating are popular activities at the Park, and the Augusta Canal
is accessible by boat from Lake Olmstead. Boats powered by gasoline motors are
allowed in Lake Olmstead, but their use is restricted on certain days. (Gasoline powered
boats are not allowed in the Canal.) The Park also includes indoor and outdoor facilities
for receptions and other special events. Green Jackets' Stadium is adjacent to Lake
Olmstead Park and hosts a minor league baseball team.
Chaffee Park is located adjacent to the Augusta Canal opposite Sibley Mill. The
park consists of nine acres and currently has a gymnasium for indoor activities (Augusta
Parks and Recreation 2002a). Significant plans for this park would provide additional
recreational facilities and enhance the park's connectivity with the Canal (See Section
E.5.iv and E.5.v, Measures or Facilities Proposed by the Applicant).
7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
In addition to the formal facilities described above, informal recreational
opportunities exist within the Project boundary and in the bypass reach of the Savannah
River. These activities include bird watching and nature walks along the Augusta Canal
and Augusta Shoals. Wildlife is particularly abundant near the forested peninsula of land
owned by Augusta that lies between the Augusta Canal and the Savannah River north of
the Raw Water Pumping Station. This area has been permanently protected as a
conservation easement in the Augusta Greenspace Program and provides a space for
passive recreation.
The following sub-sections describe the recreational facilities and activities
occurring within and adjacent to the Project boundary. These areas include the Augusta
Canal, the Augusta Diversion Dam Impoundment, and the Augusta Shoals.
Augusta Canal
Within the Project boundary, the Towpath Trail, which is located on the eastern
bank of the Augusta Canal, is used for walking, jogging, and biking, but was historically
used to tow barge traffic. The path extends approximately five miles between the Canal
Headgates and the Eve Street Bridge. The path is not paved, but it is in good condition
and is generally shaded [rom the sun north ofthe Raw Water Pumping Station. Public
vehicular traffic is prohibited on the Towpath Trail. The trail offers scenic views of and
access to the Augusta Canal, the Savannah River, and undeveloped natural areas along
the peninsula of land separating these water bodies. Visitors utilize a grassy clearing
adjacent to the Savannah River ('The Clearing") for picnics, scenic viewing, fishing and
access to the River. Access to the Towpath Trail is provided at the Canal Headgates
(from parking areas at Savannah Rapids Pavilion) and at the Raw Water Pumping
8
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Station. Proposed access to the Towpath Trail at the Raw Water Pumping Station is
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) compliant. Existing access from the Savannah
Rapids Pavilion across the Canal Headgates is not ADA compliant, but future
improvements that would be ADA compliant are planned in the area. See Section E.5.iv,
"Measures or Facilities Proposed by Applicant," for further discussion of proposed
facility enhancement measures.
Water~based recreation, including fishing, boating, and wading, also occurs
within the Project boundary. Fishing occurs throughout the Canal, but most fishing
activity is concentrated in the area between the Raw Water Pumping Station and the Eve
Street Bridge where there is convenient vehicular access. A local ordinance prohibits use
of gasoline powered motors in the Augusta Canal since the Canal serves as a drinking
water source. The Canal is open to canoeing, kayaking, and small boats powered by
electric motors, and at least two private companies provide canoe rental and shuttle
services. There are no boat ramp facilities along the Augusta Canal, but small boats may
be manually launched at various informal launches such as Savannah Rapids Pavilion,
Lake Olmstead Park, and road crossings of the Canal that provide access to the water and
adjacent parking. A local ordinance prohibits swimming in the Canal, but wading is
permitted and signage exists to notify the public of the regulations (Canal Authority
.2002a).
Augusta Diversion Dam Impoundment
Augusta does not provide access to the Diversion Dam Impoundment and
discourages its use for safety reasons. The lower end of the Diversion Dam Impoundment
is an unmarked spillway flowing directly over the Diversion Dam, creating a potential
9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
hazard if watercraft were manually launched and piloted by persons unfamiliar with the
Diversion Dam. There are no public boat ramps in the Diversion Dam Impoundment, but
a private ramp owned by South Carolina Electric and Gas does provide authorized access
to the Impoundment. It is possible that boaters and anglers could access the Diversion
Dam Impoundment through adjacent private property, but use of the Impoundment for
boating and fishing is considered negligible.
Augusta Shoals
The bypass reach of the Savannah River, which is also referred to as the Augusta
Shoals, is located outside the Project boundary, but access to this resource is provided
through the Project boundary. Some visitors to the Towpath Trail and adjacent areas
wade and swim in the Augusta Shoals. The Savannah River in this area is generally
shallow and wadeable, but some deep and swift-moving areas occur. Fishing activity
occurs at a relatively low level in the Augusta'Shoals. Anglers utilize the banks of the
Savannah River near the Savannah Rapids Pavilion or the Raw Water Pumping Station
unless they choose to walk to more distant sites. Boating is generally difficult in the
Augusta Shoals due to the abundance of rapids, rock outcrops and shallow water, but
canoeing and kayaking does occur there. At least one private company provides canoe
rental and shuttle services. Most canoe float trips are initiated near the Canal Headgates
and terminate at either the North Augusta boat ramp or the 5th Street boat ramp in
Augusta. No formal boat launching facilities currently exist at the Canal Headgates, but
future improvements are planned in the area (see "Measures or Facilities Proposed by
Applicant," below).
]0
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Erhibit E
E.5.ii EXISTING AND POTENTIAL RECREATIONAL USE
As outlined above, regional recreation facilities are both abundant and diverse.
Recreation facilities are operated by local, state, and federal agencies, the Canal
Authority and other public and private entities. In many cases, facilities in the Project
area have been recently expanded or renovated to improve their capacity or value to the
public. However, the population of the Augusta metropolitan area is growing. The
population in the four county region surrounding the ACHP increased by over] 5 percent
from 1990 to 2000. Effective maintenance of existing recreation facilities as well as
expansion to meet future recreation need and demand will be necessary. Augusta-
Richmond County, Columbia County, Aiken County, and the City of North Augusta have
all recognized this need and have initiated planning activities and projects to meet future
recreation needs. See Appendix S-lO, the Recreation, Land Management and Aesthetics
Resource Study Report, for additional }nformation.
The level of existing recreational use within the Project boundary and adjacent
areas is generally below capacity. The Towpath Trail is used at a relatively high level for
walking, scenic viewing, and bicycling, but this resource is adequate to support current
and increased future use (Canal Authority 2002b). Activity is typically highest in the
morning hours, with lesser amounts of activity at mid-day and during the late afternoon.
Use of the Augusta Canal for boating and fishing is currently low to moderate and
is also well below capacity (Canal Authority 2002b). The sales records of two
commercial canoe/kayak rental and shuttle operations on the Canal indicate that
approximately 50 to 60 trips per month occur during 'the warm season. An unknown
number of additional trips by privately owned boats also occur.
] ]
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
A creel survey was conducted in the Savannah River near Augusta by the GDNR
in 1997 and 1998 (GDNR 2001). Two of the 10 survey locations were located in the
Project boundary (the Diversion Dam) or nearby (the Raw Water Pumping Station). In
the Project boundary, the survey included interviews of 51 fishing parties totaling 88
anglers, and the interviews were conducted during most months of the year. The anglers
expended 233 hours of fishing effort. Sought-after species included hybrid bass and
yellow perch. All of the anglers interviewed fished from the bank. Approximately 78
percent of the anglers at the Diversion Dam and the Raw Water Pumping Station
indicated that they were satisfied with their angling experience.
Relative to the area available, fishing, boating and wading also currently occur at
generally low levels in the Augusta Shoals. The generally shallow depths, rocky shoals,
and rapids areas within the Augusta Shoals present both opportunities and limitations to
boating activities. The actual levels of use are not well known, but users familiar with the
Augusta Shoals indicate that canoeing is the most common boating use followed by
occasional kayaking and, infrequently, by jon boats (1. Stringer 2002, personal
communication). The commercial canoe rental and shuttle operation at the Augusta
Shoals is much less popular than the Canal trip. Approximately five to 10 trips per
month are typically sold during the warm season. Use of the Augusta Shoals by private
boaters also occurs at low levels. This resource could support increased use in the future.
Use ofrecreational resources and opportunities within the Project boundary is
generally accessible from the towpath of the Canal. Access to the upstream end of the
Canal and Towpath Trail, as well as the adjacent Augusta Shoals, is currently limited to
pedestrian and bicycle traffic. Boat launching facilities are planned in the Canal and
12
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Augusta Shoals near the Canal Headgates. Pedestrian access to the upper Towpath Trail
is by an existing walkway across the Canal Headgates, which is not handicap accessible,
but an upgrade to ADA compliance is scheduled for the near future as discussed in
section E.5.iv, below. The Raw Water Pumping Station provides access to the Towpath
Trail and adjacent areas, and Augusta is in the process of improving foot and bicycle
accessibility through the Raw Water Pumping Station campus. Public access to the
Augusta Canal downstream of the Raw Water Pumping Station is unrestricted.
As previously described, three parks, Savannah Rapids Pavilion, Lake Olmstead
Park, and Chaffee Park, also provide access to the Augusta Canal area. Approximately
100,000 persons attended events at the Savannah Rapids Pavilion in 2001, not including
numerous visitors to the adjacent playground and Towpath Trail (Columbia County
2002). Lake Olmstead and Chaffee Parks received an estimated 97,346 and 7,300
visitors year-to-date as of August 2002, respectively (Augusta Recreation and Parks
2002). Improvements are planned for all of these facilities to enhance their use and role
as gateways to recreational use of the Augusta Canal environs.
It is expected that enhanced access will result in increased use of the recreational
resources and opportunities available within and adjacent to the Project. Plans to address
improved access at the Canal Headgates, the Raw Water Pumping Station, and other park
facilities along the Canal have been developed and are discussed in section E.5.iv.
"Measures or Facilities Proposed by Applicant," below.
E.5.iii ACENCY RECOMMENDATIONS
The Savannah River Instream flow Study was conducted to support the ACHP
licensing process. During the scoping process for that study, several participating
]3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
resource agencies requested that a study be performed to assess the flows required for
downstream movement or passage of recreational boats through the Augusta Shoals.
Specifically the resource agencies requested that the study combine the results of past
studies of flows and boat navigation through the Augusta Shoals (SCWRC 1983a;
SCWRC 1983b) with a current assessment conducted using one-way navigation criteria
developed by the State of South Carolina.
In response to the resource agency requests, a recreational boating evaluation was
designed and conducted to provide the information necessary to address the potential
limitations of low flows on recreational boating in the Augusta Shoals. The specific
objectives of the study were to summarize the results of previous flow-navigation studies
-conducted by the State of South Carolina; to identify the flows below which downstream
navigation of a small jon boat would become impaired; and to interpret the results of
these studies and ancillary observations coilected during the instream flow studies to
identify likely flow threshold(s) below which the passage and maneuverability of small
recreational boats becomes impaired. The results of this evaluation are presented in
Appendix S-6, the Savannah River Instream Flow Study, and described further in Exhibit
E.2, Report on Water Use and Quality.
In its comments on the Draft License Application, the GDNR identified ten
recommendations to enhance recreational access to the Augusta Shoals and the Augusta
Canal. These comments represented formalization and furthering of views previously
expressed by the GDNR. The ten GDNR recommendations are provided below:
1. Carry-down boat launching facility in the Canal near the Canal Headgates.
]4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
2. Carry-down boat launching facility in the Canal near the enhanced Raw Water
Pumping Station parking area.
3. Carry-down boat launching facility in the Augusta Shoals near the Diversion
Dam.
4. Carry-down boat launching facility in the Augusta Shoals near the Raw Water
Pumping Station.
5. Gravel boat ramp in the area known as "The Clearing" to provide improved
research boat access to the Augusta Shoals.
6. fishing pier in the Augusta Canal at the confluence with Reed Creek.
7. Improved signage for the Augusta Shoals and Canal relating to recreational uses.
8. Handicap accessible path to the Augusta Shoals from the Towpath Trail near the
Raw Water Pumping Station.
9. Transportation of anglers and other recreational users to the Augusta Shoals and
Canal between the Raw Water Pumping Station and Canal Headgates.
10. Boat storage and dock facilities in the Augusta Canal near the headgates.
Most of the facility improvements identified by the GDNR will be addressed by projects
that have already been proposed, planned, or initiated by the Canal Authority or Augusta
independent from the ACHP License Application. These projects are described in the
following subsection. The GDNR's recommendations 4,6, 8 and 9 are not proposed' for
implementation, for reasons of infeasibility or inconsistency with other current or planned
uses, as explained in Sections E.5.iv and v.
]5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
E.5.iv and E.5.v MEASURES OR FACILITIES PROPOSED BY THE
APPLICANT
As described in Description of Existing Recreational Facilities above, recreation
within and surrounding the ACHP boundary is already effectively managed and
developed. An abundance of diverse water- and land-based recreational opportunities are
available for pursuit in the Project boundary and the surrounding lands. It is likely that
recreational use within and adjacent to the Project boundary could be enhanced if
improved access is provided to the available resources (i.e., the Canal, the Towpath Trail,
and the Augusta Shoals).
A number of proposed, planned, or recently initiated and/or constructed projects
will provide improved access and enhanced recreation within and adjacent to the Project.
These projects are being implemented by a number of entities using various funding
sources, but all are independent from the ACHP License Application. These projects,
which are described below, will fulfill many of the resource agency recommendations
concerning enhanced recreational access.
Augusta Headgatcs National Heritage Area Master Plan
The Augusta Headgates National Heritage Area Master Plan (Headgates Master
Plan) will provide a variety of recreational enhancements and renovations in the area
surrounding the Canal Headgates and the Savannah Rapids Pavilion (Park Service/Canal
Authority 1999). This plan is administered by the Canal Authority and will be funded in
concert by the Canal Authority, Park Service, and Columbia County. The project will be
implemented in two phases, at estimated costs of $575,000 and $1,500,000, respectively.
Construction of Phase I is expected to commence by the end of2003.
]6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Phase I of the Headgates Master Plan will construct a new loop access road that
will provide vehicular access to newly developed picnic areas and boat launch facilities.
A new pedestrianlbike bridge over the Canal will COlU1ect the Savannah Rapids Pavilion
Park with the Towpath Tr?il. This bridge will provide ADA compliant access to the
Towpath Trail and will replace the current ADA non-compliant access way across the
Canal Headgates. Phase I of the Headgates Master Plan will also provide kayak/canoe
launches in both the Canal, just above the Reed Creek confluence, and the Augusta
Shoals, just below the Diversion Dam and near the new pedestrian bridge. The
kayak/canoe launch facility at the Canal will be ADA compliant, but the severe elevation
differential and limited distance between the Towpath Trail and the Savannah River
precludes ADA compliant accessibility at the Augusta Shoals boat launch facility. Phase
I of the Headgates Master Plan will also provide a boat rental/storage facility for use by
vendors.
Phase II of the Headgates Master Plan will provide additional facility
enhancements in the Headgates area, including additional parking, walking trails, picnic
shelters, public restrooms, bicycle storage, and a concession building. Improved signage
and information kiosks will be constructed to provide wayfinding, visitor orientation,
special event information, and wildlife and environmental educational materials. This
signage will be coordinated with other signage throughout the National Heritage Area
and will serve to direct and enhance recreational use of the entire Project area.
Headgates Area Historic Structure Renovation
In conjunction with the Headgates Master Plan, the Canal Authority and
Columbia County will renovate and restore the historic struchlres at the Headgates area.
17
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Columbia County will use local and Federal TEA-21 grant funds totaling $942,000 to
renovate the historic dance pavilion, barbeque pit, dining shed, and lock keeper's cottage.
The Canal Authority will use local and Federal TEA-2] grant funds totaling $],120,750
to restore the historic Canal Gatehouse and] 875 Locks. The restored locks may be used
to pass replica Petersburg boat tours into the Diversion Dam Impoundment. These
projects are expected to be let for bids or commence construction in June 2003.
Petersburg Boats and Docking Facilities
The Headgates Master Plan also provides for construction of a Petersburg boat
docking facility in the Canal, just below the Headgates. Petersburg boats were used
historically to transport goods through the Augusta Canal. The Canal Authority has
gathered local funds and Federal TEA-21 grants totaling $500,000 to construct two 45
passenger replica Petersburg boats. The boats are currently under construction and will
be completed by August, 2003. The Canal Authority will use these boats to operate
Canal tours running between the Headgates docking facility and a second dock at
Enterprise Mill, which is the site of the Augusta Canal Interpretive Center. The Canal
Authority is also using local funds and Federal TEA-21 grants secured by Augusta to
construct the two Petersburg boat docking facilities at a cost of $271 ,721. Docking
facility construction is expected to be complete by June, 2003.
Towpath Trail Improvements
The Canal Authority is currently in the process of renovating the Towpath Trail.
Renovation activities include construction of a new trail from Bulkhead Bridge to the
Sibley Mill Tailrace and extension of the trail from the 13th Street Headgates to Dyess
Park and the Augusta Riverwalk. Installation of safety railings along some portions of
18
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
the Canal and hazard barriers at bridge crossings will enhance safety for recreational
users along the trail. The $1,250,000 project is being funded by the Canal Authority,
with construction expected to be completed by November 2003.
The Project furthers two other Canal Authority projects designed to enhance
safety and user access to the Towpath Trail. These projects include a bicycle/pedestrian
bridge linking Lake Olmstead Park with the Towpath Trail (completed 2000) and safety
railing installation at the Long Gate Spillway (completed March 2000). Plans for
improvements to the pedestrian bridge linking Eisenhower Park and the Towpath
Trail/Raw Water Pumping Station are also complete, but the project is on hold pending
installation of a new water main at the Raw Water Pumping Station. The Canal
Authority will sponsor this $150,000 project, but the direct source of the funding has yet
to be identified.
Facility Improvements at Raw Water Pumping Station
The Canal Authority recently completed a redesign of the entrance and parking
facilities at the Raw Water Pumping Station to provide enhanced aesthetics and visitor
access. The project was completed in December 2001 at a cost of $81, I 00 and utilized
Park Service and Canal Authority funds. The Augusta Utilities Department has also
completed plans for access improvements to the Towpath Trail at the Raw Water
Pumping Station. These plans will provide enhanced access from the Raw Water
Pumping Station parking area and the Eisenhower Park pedestrian bridge and will result
in ADA compliant access to the Towpath Trail. The project will also separate the
recreational component of the Raw Water Pumping Station campus from the active
]9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
operational component and thereby provide enhanced safety for recreational users. The
Utilities Department will fund this $467,560 project using revenue bonds.
Facility Improvements near the Raw Water Pumping Station
The Canal Authority constructed a 3.5 mile long mountain bike trail located just
south of the Raw Water Pumping Station in 2000. Since project completion, the
Southern Off-Road Bike Association (SORBA) has been responsible for maintenance of
the trail. It is anticipated that SORBA will continue to maintain the trail in the future.
In response to GONR comments, the Canal Authority has also plmmed to develop
a kayak/canoe launch facility on the northern bank of the Canal, just downstream of the
Raw Water Pumping Station but upst[f~am of Riverwatch Parkway. The project will
consist of installation of a floating dock facility at an area already used as an informal
boat launching facility. Canal bank heights in the immediate vicinity of the Raw Water
Pumping Station preclude installation of the facility there. The boat launch facility has
not yet been funded and the schedule for project completion is currently unknown.
Chaffee Park Master Plan
The Chaffee Park Master Plan, which is being implemented by the Canal
Authority, will result in a number of significant resource enhancements at the existing
park facility. These improvements will utilize the park's location on the banks of the
Canal, opposite Sibley Mill, to shift the park's focus from the existing gymnasium and
integrate it with other elements of the National Heritage Area. The planned recreational
enhancements include a kayak/canoe launching site, boat dock, and enlargement of the
Canal. The plan would also create additional trails, playgrounds, parking, and an
20
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
interpretive center. The existing gymnasium structure would be demolished. The project
has not yet been funded and no schedule is currently available.
Boat Ramp at the Clearing
In response to GDNR requests, Augusta and the Canal Authority have agreed to
provide a gravel boat ramp in the area known as "The Clearing" to provide access to the
Augusta Shoals. Since public vehicular access to this area is restricted, the launch would
only be used for official agency or research purposes. It is possible that recreational
boaters in the Augusta Shoals would use such a facility as a layover point in an informal
fashion, but the area is already available and used for this purpose. It is also highly
unlikely that the site would be used as a recreational launch or take-out due to the
distance separating it from vehicular access and parking facilities. As such the facility is
not regarded as a true recreational enhancement measure. Augusta has agreed to provide
funding for the gravel boat ramp facility at an estimated cost of $25,000. However,
consistent with its management role of the lands surrounding the Canal, the Canal
Authority will be responsible for project implementation and facility management.
Summary
As just described, a number of proposed, planned, and recently initiated and/or
constructed projects will provide improved recreation access and enhanced safety within
and adjacent to the Project. Existing and planned facilities are adequate to meet
increasing recreation needs of the Project area. These projects are being successfully
implemented at the local level outside ofFERC's purview and using a variety of funding
sources. These projects fulfill many of the resource agency recommendations concerning
enhanced recreational access in and around the Project (i.e., kayak/canoe launch and
2]
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
storage fac.ilities and improved signage). Augusta therefore proposes to continue
engagement with the Canal Authority and other entities regarding recreational facilities,
but it proposes no specific recreational resource enhancement measures under the
purview of the License Application at this time.
Agency Recommendations Not Considered Further
Of the facilities recommended by the GDNR, two measures related to angler
access are inconsistent with current or planned uses: a fishing pier in the Canal and
provision for angler transportation. Two other recommendations, handicap access and
boat launching facilities to the Savannah river near the Raw Water Pumping Station, are
not feasible.
The GDNR request for a fishing pier in the Augusta Canal at the confluence with
Reed Creek would conflict with the kayak/canoe launch facility and pedestrian bridge
that will be provided by Phase I of the Headgates Master Plan. A fishing pier also would
likely conflict with Canal tours and Petersburg boat traffic in that area.
The land area upstream of the Raw Water Pumping Station is held in a
conservation easement under the Augusta Greenspace Program. The Canal Master Plan
calls for conservation and preservation of this area and limits recreational access to foot
or bicycle traffic only. Therefore, motorized transportation of anglers and other
recreational users would be inconsistent with the existing land use and would conflict
with pedestrian use of the Towpath Trail. Numerous informal angling access points
occur along the length of the Canal and the Augusta Shoals. Anglers and other users may
walk or bike along the Towpath Trail to reach these points. Proposed and currently
22
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
active Towpath Trail access and safety improvements will sufficiently enhance utilization
of these resources in the future.
The GDNR also recommended a kayak/canoe launch in the Augusta Shoals and a
handicap accessible path between the Towpath Trail and the Augusta Shoals near the
Raw Water Pumping Station. Site specific constraints render these recommendations
infeasible. The vertical elevation difference between the Towpath Trail and the
Savannah River bank in the vicinity of the Raw Water Pumping Station is approximately
36 feet, and, there is insufficient space available between the Towpath Trail and the River
to provide a path with a grade that would meet ADA requirements. However, current
Canal Authority projects and proposed Augusta Utilities Department projects will
enhance access to the Towpath Trail and ensure that the path is ADA compliant.
Similarly, the severe elevation change between the Canal berm and the Savannah
River bank hinders siting of a kayak/canoe launch in the vicinity of the Raw Water
Pumping Station. A kayak/canoe launch facility in this area could also conflict with
fishing activity near the Raw Water Pumping Station facilities tailrace area. The City of
North Augusta and Augusta's 5th Street Marina boat ramps (see Appendix S-lO, the
Recreation, Land Management and Aesthetics Resource Study Report) already provide
kayak/canoe launching facilities downstream of the Raw Water Pumping Station.
E.5.vi WILD AND SCENIC RlVERS/WILDERNESS AREAS
No National Wild and Scenic Rivers or designated wilderness areas occur within
or immediately adjacent to the ACHP.
23
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
E. 6 Report on Land Management and Aesthetics
INTRODUCTION
The Augusta Canal Hydropower Project (ACHP or Project) is located within and
adjacent to lands that fall under the jurisdiction of a variety of governmental entities
involved with land use planning and management, including federal, state, and local
governments.. In addition, the Augusta Canal Authority (Canal Authority or ACA), an
independent entity created by the Georgia General Assembly and charged with
management of the lands surrounding the Augusta Canal, actively participates in
planning and development activities within the Project boundary.
The practical result ofthe ACHP's location in this setting is that land use planning
and management is already well developed via existing programs that were developed
with substantial public input and representation. Lands within and immediately adjacent
to the ACHP boundary are managed for a wide range ofresource uses, including
recreation, natural resource protection, cultural resource management, residential
development, and industry. These programs have resulted in effective balancing and
management .of land use and resource protection in the Project area to date. The Augusta
Canal Authority (Canal Authority) is also implementing a series of resource
enhancements that will both increase recreational use of lands bordering the Project and
ensure preservation of the historic setting and character of the area.
The ACHP is already well integrated into existing plans and land uses developed
under the purview of managing entities with public input. Augusta proposes to manage
the Project lands consistent with these plans and uses in the future and to continue
engagement in land management programs. Existing land use patterns and restrictions
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
provide an adequate buffer zone around the Project boundary and preserve public access.
Augusta therefore proposes no further shoreline development measures or buffer zone
provisions at this time. Existing zoning and developmental restrictions outlined in this
section will ensure that Project works blend aesthetically with the surrounding natural
and historic setting of the Project area.
Virtually all of the area of the ACHP is encompassed by the Augusta Canal and
Historic District National Historic Landmark (Historic Landmark District). The Historic
Landmark District was designated in 1978 by the National Park Service (Park Service)
(Park Service 2002a) and is important as a site for both recreation and land management.
The Augusta Canal was designated as a National Heritage Area by the United States
Congress in 1996, forming a cooperative partnership between the Canal Authority and
the Park Service to blend education, cultural conservation, resource protection,
recreation, and community revitalization. The Augusta Canal also was the first
Regionally Important Resource (RIR) designated by the Georgia Department of
Community Affairs.
The Augusta Canal Master Plan, published by the Canal Authority (Canal
Authority 1993), is the main planning document guiding and directing preservation and
development of the area surrounding the Augusta Canal. The Canal Master Plan, which
was developed with extensive resource agency and public involvement, represents a
multiple use plan that "identifies actions to preserve and interpret the Canal and related
resources, while also proposing strategies to extend the influence of the Canal and its
setting to enhance the natural and urban environment of Augusta" (Canal Authority
1993). The Project boundary is contained within the de$ignated area covered by the
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Canal Master Plan, which includes the Diversion Dam Impoundment, the land areas
adjacent to all three levels of the Canal (including Lake Warren and Lake Olmstead), the
land area between the Augusta Canal and Savannah River (except in downtown
Augusta), arid the islands in the Savannah River from Stevens Creek Dam to downtown
Augusta.
The Canal Master Plan includes recommendations for specific enhancements to
facilitate preservation, conservation, recreation, and economic development of the Canal
area, as well as multiple general principles regarding land use and management within the
designated boundary. The general recommendations include Canal Authority review and
comment on any public or private construction, alteration, or site improvements within
the designated boundary; establishment of a natural buffer zone along the length of the
Canal; designation of areas with limited or no vehicular traffic; limiting private boat use
in the Canal to non-motorized craft; and obtaining property, where required to implement
the Plan, by donation or purchase from willing sellers. In addition, the Master Plan
specifically provides for preservation and potential expansion of the Raw Water Raw
Water Pumping Station so that the Canal can continue to fulfill two of its original
purposes, water supply and hydropower.
The Canal Master Plan is actively being implemented by the Canal Authority in
coordination with the Park Service, the Georgia State Historic Preservation Officer,
Augusta, Georgia, and other local municipal governments. As evidenced by the projects
described in section E.5 (Recreational Resources), the Canal Authority has been
successful in securing grants, donations, and other monies to fund and implement projects
3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
identified in the Canal Master Plan that will increase the accessibility, use, and
conservation of the Augusta Canal and all of its uses.
The Augusta Canal has played an important role in development of the existing
land use and development patterns in the surrounding area. The Canal facilitated the
early growth of the City of Augusta and continues to playa significant role in the City's
prosperity to modern times (Canal Authority 1993). Based on the programs and special
designation status already in place at the Augusta Canal and its economic importance, it
is expected that the Canal and the ACHP will remain centrally important features of the
landscape well into the future.
E.6.i DESCRIPTION OF EXISTINC DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF PROJECT
LANDS
Augusta owns the lands within the Project boundary, which include the Diversion
Dam, the Canal Headgates and the Augusta Canal, as well as many lands adjoining the
Project boundary (see Figure 3-2 of Appendix S-IO, the Recreation, Land Management
and Aesthetics Resource Study Report). The Project boundary is defined by the borders
of the Diversion Dam Impoundment and the first level of the Augusta Canal. The Project
boundary is depicted in Exhibit G of the License Application. The upstream boundary of
the Diversion Dam Impoundment is bordered by the South Carolina Electric and Gas
Company (SCE&G) Stevens Creek Dam at Savannah River mile (RM) 208.1, and its
downstream boundary is the Diversion Dam at RM 207.2. The 1 57.5-foot elevation,
which is the mean low water mark, forms the Project boundary on the Georgia side of the
impoundment and the islands in the impoundment. The 160.5-foot elevation contour
forms the boundary on the South Carolina side. Augusta therefore owns a variable width
strip of land on the South Carolina side of the Diversion Dam Impoundment. The first
4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
level of the Augusta Canal extends from the Canal Headgates to the 13lh Street
Headgates. As depicted in Figure A-X of Exhibit G, the width of the Project boundary
along the Canal is variable and is determined by a combination of high water mark
elevation and site-specific Canal berm design.
The ACHP occurs along the Savannah River at the Fall Line, the transitional area
from the lower piedmont to the upper coastal plain. Topography in the area is typically
steep, but flat bottomland areas and floodplains exist, especially near the Savannah River
and Augusta Canal. Existing land use patterns surrounding the Project are well
established and no significant change in these patterns is expected in the future. Existing
development and use of Project lands and lands abutting the Project are summarized
below and described more fully in Appendix S-lO, the Recreation, Land Management
and Aesthetics Resource Study Report.
Diversion Dam Impoundment
The land surrounding the Diversion Dam Impoundment is largely undeveloped
and consists primarily of forest and agricultural land. Dominant developed features in
this area include the Stevens Creek Dam and ancillary facilities on the western shore of
the impoundment and the Edgefield County raw water intake structure on the eastern
shore. Only a limited number of private land parcels adjoin the Project boundary in this
area, and these parcels are expected to remain in their current land use (i.e., low density
residential and forest).
At least 15 undeveloped and largely forested islands are located in the Diversion
Dam Impoundment. These islands are not within the Project boundary. Stallings Island,
an important archeological site, is owned and administered by The Archeological
5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
E;'Chibit E
Conservancy. The other islands are privately owned. For the purposes of safety, historic
preservation, and security of Augusta's and Edgefield County's water sources, Augusta
discourages use of the Diversion Dam Impoundment and its islands and limits access by
not providing a public boat ramp at the Impoundment.
Augusta Canal
Forest land is the dominant land use along both sides of the Canal from the Canal
Headgates to the Raw Water Pumping Station. The land along the eastern (Savannah
River) side of the Canal is a narrow peninsula near the Diversion Dam and Raw Water
Pumping Station, but. widens substantially in the area where Interstate 20 crosses the
Canal (see Figure 1-1 of the Recreation, Land management, and Aesthetics Resource
Report, Appendix 8-10). This area is protected under a conservation easement in the
Augusta Greenspace Program and used mainly for passive recreation.
Three large, privately owned parcels adjoin the western side of the Project
boundary between the Canal Headgates area and the Raw Water Pumping Station. One
of these parcels is a large rock quarry located approximately 0.5 miles downstream of the
Canal Headgates. The quarry facilities are inaccessible from the Canal and are screened
from view by a narrow strip of riparian vegetation along the Canal banks. The other two
parcels consist of forest and forested wetlands and are expected to remain in their current
land use in the future. Other Augusta landholdings in this area consist of forest land,
Eisenhower Park, and Lake Warren.
Below the Raw Water Pumping Station, the peninsula separating the Canal and
the Savannah River progressively widens to the terminus of the first level of the Canal at
the 13th Street Headgates. The peninsula between the Raw Water Pumping Station and
6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Sibley Mill is owned by Augusta and is largely forested, but is bisected by the
Riverwatch Parkway transportation corridor. With the exception of these lands, the areas
adjoining the Project boundary south of the Raw Water Pumping Station have already
been developed to the extent possible. From Sibley Mill to the 13th Street Headgates,
land use along the Canal is composed of industrial and commercial developments and
residential areas. With the exception of forested areas associated with Lake Olmstead
Park, generalized land use along the western side of the Canal is urban, transitioning from
primarily residential areas near the Raw Water Pumping Station to the mixture of urban
land uses described above. Chaffee Park is also located along the western bank of the
Canal in this area. Below the Raw Water Pumping Station, riparian areas immediately
adjacent to the Canal transition from forest to maintained, grassed areas.
E.6.ii MEASURES PROPOSED BY THE APPLICANT
Augusta plans to construct new raw water pumping facilities at the Raw Water
Pumping Station, in an area located outside the Project boundary, but the water intakes
for this facility would be located within the Project boundary. These proposed facilities
would be visible from the Towpath Trail, the Augusta Canal, the bypass reach of the
Savannah River, and the South Carolina side of the Savannah River. All of the proposed
works, inside and outside the Project boundary, will be designed to minimize adverse
visual effects to the Augusta Canal and its historic setting. The Georgia Department of
Natural Resources (GDNR), Historic Preservation Division (HPD) has been actively
consulted dw'ing the design of the proposed Project facilities. At the request of HPD, the
exterior architecture of the new Raw Water Pumping Station facilities will be designed to
be compatible with the historic setting of the existing Raw Water Pumping Station
7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
buildings but distinguishable from the historic buildings. Limited tree clearing will be
required at the proposed construction site adjacent to both sides of the Augusta Canal
north of the existing Raw Water Pumping Station, but will not substantially affect the
overall forested setting of the area. These design considerations will act to preserve the
setting of the area to the benefit of visual resources. Computer generated model views of
the proposed facilities are included in Appendix S-10, the Recreation, Land Management
and Aesthetics Resource Study Report.
Plans for fish passage at the Diversion Dam and fish protection at the Canal and
Raw Water Pumping Station are currently being evaluate~ in consultation with state and
federal resource agencies. These facilities could affect visual resources If planning for
these facilities advances, Augusta would ensure consistency with existing land
management plans (e.g., Canal Master Plan) and compliance with regulations for
historical preservation through consultation with the HPD, the Park Service, and the
Canal Authority (among others). The final design of any fish passage and protection
facilities would result in the least possible physical and visual impact to the Diversion
Dam, the Augusta Canal, and their historic and scenic setting.
Facilities P.'oposed by Others
As described in Exhibit E.5, Report on Recreational Resources, other
management entities such as the Canal Authority have planned multiple facility
enhancements or developments that would take place within or adjacent to the Project
boundary. Such plans include the Augusta Headgates National Heritage Area Master
Plan (Park Service/Canal Authority 1999), the Chaffee Park Master Plan, renovation of
historic structures at the Headgates area, and construction of Petersburg boat docking
8
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
E.:thibit E
facilities in the Canal. All of the proposed works, including those located inside and
outside the Project boundary, would be designed to minimize adverse visual effects to the
Augusta Canal and its historic setting. For example, the new pedestrian bridge over the
Canal and the kayak/canoe launching facilities identified in the Headgates Master Plan
will be sited downstream of the historic zone at the Headgates area. All facilities
proposed by others will be developed in close consultation with regulating resource
agencies and in compliance with all local zoning ordinances to ensure that the aesthetic
resources of the Augusta Canal are maintained.
E.6.iii DESCRIPTION OF WETLANDS AND FLOODPLAINS
Wetlands
As described in Appendix S-3, the Wildlife and Botany Resource Study Report, a
variety of wetland types, including emergent, shrub/scrub, and forested wetlands, occur
within the Project boupdary and adjacent areas. The nature and extent of these wetland
areas were qualitatively assessed during field surveys performed in August 2001 to verify
information obtained from National Wetlands Inventory maps and aerial photography.
Wetland areas are extensive along the western side of the Augusta Canal near Interstate
20. Wetlands are less common along the eastern side of the Canal near Interstate 20, both
sides of the Canal downstream of Lake Olmstead, and both sides of the bypass reach of
the Savannah River from the Diversion Dam to the Raw Water Pumping Station.
Minor fluctuations of water level in the Diversion Dam Impoundment and
Augusta Canal occur as a result of upstream influences, and to a much lesser extent
operation of the ACHP. Water level fluctuations are typically less than 1.5 feet in the
Diversion Dam Impoundment (daily fluctuations are typically less than 0.5 feet) and less
than 0.75 feet in the Augusta Canal (City. of Augusta 1984). The Canal has been operated
9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Er:hibit E
in a consistent manner for many years, and Augusta does not propose to substantially
alter those operations. Therefore, future water level fluctuations would be similar to
existing conditions. Operation of the ACHP and resulting effects on water level
fluctuations in the Diversion Dam Impoundment and Augusta Canal should have little or
no effect on riparian habitats and wetlands because variation in water levels would be
similar to existing conditions.
Small wetland areas associated with the Savannah River or seepage from the
Canal berm occur in the vicinity of the planned new facilities at the Raw Water Pumping
Station outside the Project boundary. If these wetlands can not be avoided during
construction, impacts will be minimized and otherwise mitigated in accordance with
Clean Water Act Section 404 permit conditions administered by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (USACE).
Floodplains
As depicted in the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) floodplain
maps included in Appendix E.6, some of the Project area and much of the adjacent lands
occurs in fEMA designated floodplains. The floodplain width associated with the Canal
varies from less than 200 feet to greater than 1,500 feet. The width of floodplain
associated with the Canal decreases substantially in urban areas located south of Lake
Olmstead. Downtown Augusta is largely protected from flooding of the Savannah River
by the existence of a constructed levee.
The Project has no impact on flooding in the Project area because the storage
capacity of the Diversion Dam Impoundment is limited and minimal water level
fluctuations occur there and in the Canal. Flooding in the Project area is controlled by
10
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
natural rainfall and runoff conditions in the Savannah River basin and by operation of
three large, upstream USACE reservoirs. Augusta does not propose to substantially alter
the operation of the Project; therefore, the ACHP would have no effect and future flood
elevations would be similar to existing conditions. Construction of the new facilities
associated with the Raw Water Pumping Station would be located outside the Project
boundary, but intake structures would be located within the Project boundary. Fish
passage facilities may also be constructed at the Diversion Dam in the future.
Construction of any and all such facilities would be in accordance with the Augusta-
Richmond County flood Damage Prevention Ordinance and Federal Emergency
Management Act.
E.6.iv APPLICANT'S ABILITY TO PROVIDE A BUFFER ZONE
In their comments on the Draft License Application, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (USfWS) and the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR)
recommended that a 200-foot shoreline buffer be included in the Project boundary where
feasible.
To the extent possible, Augusta has already achieved provision of a shoreline
buffer throughout a large portion of the Project boundary, which in some instances
exceeds 200 feet. Much of the Augusta owned lands adjoining the Project boundary are
already afforded permanent protection by a conservation easement under the Augusta
Greenspace Program, which is subject to a Georgia Greenspace Program Grant Award
Agreement with the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GDNR). Approximately
155 acres of lands adj acent to and within the Proj ect boundary are contained in the
Greenspace Program. These lands consist ofthe islands in the bypass reach of the
1 1
,I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
Savannah River, lands lying between the Canal and the Savannah River from the
Columbia County line to the Raw Water Pumping Station, some lands between the Canal
and Riverwatch Parkway, and the Canal itself above Lake Warren. These lands will be
maintained in their undeveloped, natural state in perpetuity but will remain available to
public access and passive recreation.
Most lands adjoining the Project boundary are also subject to legislated buffer
requirements already in place. Both Columbia County and Augusta have adopted a
Savannah River Corridor Protection Plan ordinance that includes requirements for a 100-
foot natural vegetative buffer from the banks of the Savannah River and restricts
permitted land uses within the buffer. Permitted land uses include low-density
residential, road and utility crossings, timber production and harvesting, agricultural
production and management, wildlife and fisheries management, recreational uses, and
facilities"consistent with the natural buffer and/or river dependent recreation activities.
However, only those uses related to fish and wildlife management and recreation are
consistent with current land uses and likely to occur adjacent to the Project boundary.
The Savannah River Conservation Area and Greenway, which is a key component
of the Columbia County Greenspace Program, also seeks to obtain and permanently
protect a 200-foot-wide corridor along the southern banks of the Savannah River, the
Diversion Dam Impoundment, and the Augusta Canal (Columbia County 2001).
Additionally, State of Georgia and local sedimentation and erosion control regulations
and ordinances require preservation of a 25-foot naturally vegetated buffer between land
disturbance activities and waterbodies such as the Savannah River and Augusta Canal.
No such regulations are currently in place in Edgefield County, South Carolina, but the
12
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control has proposed
establishment of a statewide 35-foot naturally vegetated buffer zone for all streams.
Furthermore, Augusta owns a variable width strip of land adjoining the Diversion Dam
Impoundment in South Carolina. Augusta has no plans to develop this land and would
also prevent development by others.
It is impractical to provide a 200-foot shoreline buffer within the Project boundary
in highly urbanized areas adjoining the lower portions of the Canal in Augusta. These
areas have already been developed to the extent possible and provision of a buffer would
do little to provide resource protection or enhancement. It also is not feasible to provide
such a buffer within the Project boundary in areas where adjoining lands are owned by
others, as such a measure would place considerable imposition on the current landowners
and entail undue costs for Augusta. However, the legislated buffer requirements
described above (and the development restrictions described in the following subsection)
already apply to privately owned lands adjoining the Project boundary.
Augusta directly or indirectly provides shoreline protection within and along the
entire Project boundary. A large portion of those lands ovmed by Augusta are afforded
permanent protection by a conservation easement. Augusta has little ability to provide a
shoreline buffer around the Project where adjoining lands are owned by others.
However, adequate legislated buffer and developmental restrictions are already in place
to provide resource protection in those areas.
E.6.v APPLICANT'S POLICY CONCERNINC SHORELINE DEVELOPMENT
Augusta's current policy on shoreline development consists of requiring
compliance with the various State and local land management plans, developmental
13
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
regulations and ordinances, and easements that are already legislated and in place along
the Project boundary. Augusta has and will continue to restrict development of structures
on lands that it owns within the Project boundary, except for public recreation, fisheries
and wildlife management, and necessary utilities or hydropower facilities. There are no
current land use conflicts within or adjacent to the Project boundary.
The numerous existing land management plans, developmental regulations and
ordinances, and easements obviate any need for further restrictions within the FERC
license.
As described in the previous subsection, much of the lands within and bordering
the Project boundary are already held in a conservation easement under the Augusta
Greenspace Program. The Georgia Greenspace Act (O.C.G.A 536-22-1) defines the
manner in which these lands must be maintained to achieve resource protection and
enhancement. In the future, additional lands in Columbia County may attain similar
status under the Columbia County Greenspace Program, which Augusta would support.
The Canal Authority already actively manages much of the lands contained within
and adjacent to the Project boundary through implementation of the Canal Master Plan.
As described in Appendix S-l 0, the Recreation, Land Management and Aesthetics
Resource Study Report, the Canal Master Plan divides the Canal into three segments, the
upper, middle, and lower segments, and recommends specific management activities to
facilitate preservation, conservation, recreation, and economic development in these
areas. Within the upper Canal, emphasis is placed on the natural environment with
preservation, conservation and passive recreation considerations. In the middle section, a
series of public-oriented uses provide improved access to the Canal, recapture views of
]4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
the Savannah Riverfront, reclaim impacted open space, and provide active recreation. In
the lower Canal, emphasis is placed on neighborhood revitalization, economic
development, transportation improvements, and historic interpretation, which is
consistent with the more urban setting and existing land uses.
In addition to the buffer requirements described in the previous subsection, and as
described in Appendix 8-10, the Recreation, Land Management and Aesthetics Resource
Study Report, other municipal comprehensive plans, regulations, and ordinances also
guide and direct development of areas 'within and adjacent to the Project boundary. Each
of the municipalities bordering the Project area governs land use within its jurisdiction
through land use and land management policies contained in its comprehensive plan.
FEMA regulations and local flood damage ordinances influence land development within
the 100-year floodplain by establishing design standards and permitting procedures that
significantly restrict the potential for development along the Project boundary. Within
the Planned Development Riverfront (PDR) Zone, which includes those areas located
along the Savannah River from the Richmond/Columbia County line to East Boundary
Extended (located to the east of Augusta), and between the Savannah River and the
Augusta Canal from 1-20 to downtown Augusta, the Augusta PDR Zone ordinance
defines acceptable land uses, establishes design standards, mandates a review process to
ensure that new development and revitalization projects do not adversely impact historic
structures, and provides for continued public access to the Savannah Riverfront. The
Augusta Riverfront Development Review Board must review all plans for development
within the boundaries of the PDR Zone. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is also
partially responsible for development (e.g., construction and discharge activities, etc.)
15
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Exhibit E
affecting the immediate shoreline and waters of the ACHP through implementation of
Clean Water Act Section 404 and Rivers and Harbors Act Section 10 regulations.
Special status designation also affords the area within and surrounding the Project
boundary with additional developmental protections and regulatory review that transcend
political boundaries. All of the Project boundary is contained within the National
Historic Landmark District. Federal agencies whose projects affect National Historic
Landmarks must obtain comments regarding those projects and their effects from the
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. The Augusta Canal's designation as an RlR
also subjects the activities of local governments that may impact the resource to a
regional advisory review and comment process that provides a forum for
intergovernmental discussion.
In their comments on the Draft License Application, the DSFWS, GDNR, and
SCDNR recommended that Augusta develop a shoreline management plan. As the
preceding discussion demonstrates, numerous land management plans, developmental
regulations and ordinances, and easements are already legislated and in place. These
plans, regulations, etc. are highly effective and preclude the need for further
developmental restrictions on lands bordering the Project boundary. Development of
further land management policies and regulations within the FERC license would create a
redundant and possibly conflicting set of standards and would complicate a land
management and resoUrce protection system that is currently working effectively.
Augusta proposes continued engagement regarding existing land management programs
but does not need and does not propose to develop a formal shoreline management plan.
16
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
o
B
U
I
E.? LIST OF LITERATURE
E.! Ceneral Description of the Locale
Georgia State Climate Office. 2002. Climate data for Augusta accessed online at
http://cJimate.engr.uga.edu/augusta/ on September 30, 2002.
U.S. Census Bureau. 2002. Population Data Accessed at http://wvvw.census.gov on
September 30, 2002.
E.2 Report on Water Use and Quality
Collins, M. R. and T.IJ. Smith. 1993. Characteristics of the Adult Segment of the
Savannah River Population of Shortnose Sturgeon. Proceedings of the Annual
Conference of the Southeastern Association offish and Wildlife Agencies
47:485-491.
freeman, BJ. and M.C. Freeman. 2001. Criteria for Suitable Spawning Habitat for the
Robust Redhorse Moxostoma robustum. A Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, January 2001.
Georgia Department of Natural Resources. 2001 a. Savannah River Basin Management
Plan 2001. Environmental Protection Division, Atlanta, GA.
Georgia Department of Natural Resources. 2001 b. Personal Communication with Mr.
Jimmy Evans (and subsequent receipt of unpublished data), Biologist-GDNR.
Hall, J.W., T.I.J. Smith, and S.D. Lamprecht. 1991. Movements and Habitats of
Shortnose Sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum, in the Savannah River. Copeia
1991 (3) pp. 695-702.
Isely, J., D. G. Trested, K. Ware and R. Bakal. 2002. Behavioral Comparison of Wild
and Hatchery-Reared Shortnose Sturgeon in the Savannah River-Preliminary
Progress Report, South Carolina Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit at
Clemson University, October 2002.
National Marine fisheries Service. 1998. Final Recovery Plan for the Shortnose
Sturgeon. December 1998.
National Marine Fisheries Service. 2001 (unpublished). Draft Spawning Habitat
Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves. Modell -
Shortnose Sturgeon, Model 2 - Atlantic Sturgeon.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-I
I
I
I
I
National Marine fisheries Service. 2003. Letter dated January 29, 2003 commenting on
the draft FERC license application for the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project.
SCDHEC. 1997 . Watershed water quality assessment: Savannah and Salkehatchie River
basins. Technical Report No. 003-97. Bureau of Water, Columbia, SC.
SCDHEC. 1998. Water classifications and standards (R.6] -68), classified waters (R.6]-
69). Bureau of Water, Columbia, Sc.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1989. Savannah River Basin Drought Contingency Plan,
March 1989.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2002. Personal communication with Mike Alexander of
the USACE on November 13, 2002.
ZEL Engineers. 1998. Augusta, Georgia Utilities Department Comprehensive Water
System Study, June 1998.
E.3 Report on Fish, Wildlife and Botanical Resources
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. 1996. Order Approving Water Quality
Monitoring Plan, South Carolina Electric and Gas-Stevens Creek Project Number
2535-016.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994. Elements of Consensus on American Shad
Management in the Stretch of the Savannah River Between Strom Thurmond
Dam and Augusta. Document submitted to FERC as a Comprehensive Plan.
U.S. fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Species account for Miccosukee gooseberry
accessed at website: http://endangered.fws.gov/i/q/saq2t.html on May 8, 2003.
E.4 Report on Historic and Archeological Resources
Augusta Canal Authority (ACA). 1993. The Augusta Canal Master Plan, Part 1,
Summary Plan and Part 2, Technical Plan. December 1993.
Bowen, W. R. 1984 An Intensive Archaeological Survey ofGDOT Project M-7050(1),
Richmond County Murray Road Extension. Georgia Department of
Transportation, Atlanta, GA.
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Bowen, W.R. and T.H. Robertson. 1984 Archaeological and Historical Assessment,
Augusta Canal Hydroelectric Project. Baldwin and Cranston Associates,
Augusta. Prepared for the City Council of Augusta, Georgia.
Ledbetter, R.J. 1988 The Pig Pen Site: Archeological Investigations at 9Ri58,
Richmond County, Georgia. Prepared for the Georgia Department of
Transportation, Atlanta. Southeastern Archeological Services, Inc., Athens.
Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GDNR). 1976 Augusta Canal Policy
Statement on its Use as a Park. Report prepared by the DNR Office of Planing
and Research, Atlanta, GA.
National Park Service (NPS). 1977 National Register of Historic Places Nomination
Form - Historic Augusta Canal and Industrial District. form on file at the Georgia
Department of Natural Resources, Historic Preservation Division, Atlanta, GA
NPS. 1998. National Historic Landmark Nomination - Augusta Canal and Industrial
District (Draft). Form on file at the National Park Service Southeast Region,
Atlanta, GA
NPS. 2002. Information regarding the Historic Augusta Canal and Industrial District
and the National Historic Landmarks Program accessed at:
http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl on September 24, 2002.
NPS/ACA. 1999. Augusta Canal National Heritage Area Master Plan. Prepared by
EDA W. February 1999.
E.5 Report on Recreational Resources
Augusta Canal Authority (ACA). ] 993. The Augusta Canal Master Plan, Part 1,
Summary Plan and Part 2, Technical Plan. December 1993.
ACA. 2002a. Personal Communication with Dayton Sherrouse (Executive Director of
the ACA) on February 21,2002, July 24,2002, and September 24 and 27, 2002.
ACA. 2002b. Information Regarding the Augusta Canal accessed at
http://augustacanal. com!.
Augusta Recreation and Parks. 2002. Personal Communication with Mr. Tom Beck, Jr.
(Director), Augusta Recreation and Parks Department on July 19,2002,
September 27,2002 and October 2, 2002.
3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Augusta Rowing Club. 2002. Personal Communication with Cab Stitt, Board Member
of the Augusta Rowing Club on July 24,2002.
Columbia County. 2002. Personal Communication with Ms. Sandy Bonner and Ms.
Allison Hume, Staff at the Savannah Rapids Pavilion on September 23, October
4, 2002, and October 22, 2002.
Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GDNR). 2001. Letter providing unpublished
creel census data for the Savannah River from Thurmond Dam to New Savannah
Bluff Lock and Dam dated April 27, 2001.
National Park Service (NPS). 2002. Information regarding the Historic Augusta Canal
and Industrial District and the National Historic Landmarks Program accessed at:
http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl on September 24, 2002.
NPS/ACA. 1999. Augusta Canal National Heritage Area Master Plan. Prepared by
EDA W. February 1999.
South Carolina Water Resources Commission (SCWRC). 1983a. Savannah River Low-
Flow Investigations, September 12, 1983.
SCWRC. 1983b. Savannah River Low-Flow Investigations, November 15-l6, 1983.
Stringer, J. 2002. Personal communication between Mr. J. Stringer, owner, American
Wilderness Outfitters, Augusta, GA and Paul Leonard, ENTRIX, Inc. on March
19,2002.
E.6 Report on Land Management and Aesthetics
Augusta Canal Authority (ACA). 1993. The Augusta Canal Master Plan, Part 1,
Summary Plan and Part 2, Technical Plan. December 1993.
City of Augusta. 1984. Water surface profiles in the Savannah River. Augusta Canal
Water Power Project, FERC Project No. 5772GA, Field Study - City Ref. No. 80-
896, October 1984.
Columbia County. 2001. Forward 2020: Columbia County Growth Management Plan.
February 2001.
National Park Service (NPS). 2002. Information regarding the Historic Augusta Canal
and Industrial District and the National Historic Landmarks Program accessed at:
http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl on September 24, 2002.
4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
NPS/ACA. 1999. Augusta Canal National Heritage Area Master Plan. Prepared by
EDA W. February 1999.
5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
EXHIBIT F: eENERAL DESIeN DRA WINes AND REPORT
Table of Contents
F.O GENERAL............................................................................................................................. .......... 2
F.I DRAWINGS .... ...... ... ............ ... ..... ...... .............. ....... .......... ..... ...... ....... ..... ........... ...... ..... ........ ..... ... ... 2
F.2 SUPPORTING DESIGN REPORT .................................................................................................. 3
DRAWiNGS................ ...................................................................................................................... 11
Fl
.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
EXHIBIT F eENERAL DESIeN DRA \VINeS AND REPORT
F.O eENERAL
No new work is contemplated for this project. The Project consists of existing facilities.
Drawings of existing structures are included in the attached drawings. Descriptions of the
proposed and existing construction of the canal structures are included in Exhibit A and
appropriate structural information is presented in this exhibit.
F.I DRA WINeS
Drawings of all major project structures are included in this exhibit for reference. Table 17
provides a listing of those project structures and references to the appropriate drawing
numbers.
Table 17
List of Drawing References
STRUCTURE
I. Diversion Dam
2. Diversion Dam Impoundment
3. Canal Headgates
4. Canal
5. * Reed Creek Waste Gate
6. * Rock Creek Waste Gate
7. Water Works Pumping Facilities
8. Long Gate Spillway
9. Tin House Gates
10. Bulkhead Gates
11. Weigles Gate
12. Thirteenth St. Headgates
13. ** Sibley Mill Generating Plant
14. * * King Mill Generating Plant
15. * * Enterprise Mill Generating Plant
* Not used to operate canal; included for information only.
** To be separately licensed.
DRAWING NO.
Fl
Gl
Fl,f3,f4
Gl
Fll
F9
F5,F6
F7
F9
F7
F8
F8
F2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
F.2 SUPPORTINe DESIGN REPORT
Diversion Dam: The Diversion Dam is a gravity structure of stone masonry construction with
1.5 foot concrete cap sitting on natural rock in the river bed. The entire 1666 LF. of dam is a
straight drop spillway, 11 feet high and discharging onto the natural rock river bottom.
Generally, the dam is in very good condition; Water continually passes through the existing
fishladder and there is some leakage around several closed stop log gates located on the
South Carolina end of the dam. A vertical crack in the downstream face of the dam has been
located, but there is no significant leakage at this point. Aquatic grass coverS most of the dam
and a few logs and fallen trees have collected behind the dam. The Spillway rating curve for
the diversion dam was determine by the City Engineer's office in October 1984 and found to
be: Q=CLH^1.5+dQ=((2.282+.8312H)(l600)(H^1.5)+350
Figure 1 - Augusta Diversion Dam Rating Curve
3.5
3
2.5
'S: 2
.!
::i
..;
'"
CD
:J: 1.5.
0.5
o
2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000 17,500 20.000 22,500 25,000 27,500 30,000 32,500 35,000 37,500 40,000
Flow, Q, efs
F3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Diversion Dam Impoundment: The shoreline was cleared in 1930 when the concrete cap was
added to the Diversion Dam. There is no routine maintenance of the shoreline and it is
overgrown down to the waters edge; the water level in this pool is 158 plus or minus. Islands
within the impoundment area are similarly overgrown. Edgefield County maintains a small
area around their raw water intake; those intake openings are 4 feet square with an invert
elevation of 149.5.
Canal Headgates: 1847 Head gate Structure: This is a gravity structure of stone masonry
construction sitting on the natural rock bottom of the river. These headgates have not been
used since 1875. The gates are permanently lowered and the area immediately upstream of
the structure has been filled. Overall, these headgates remain structurally sound.
1875 Headgate Structure - This is a gravity structure of stone masomy construction sitting on
the natural rock bottom ofthe river. The structure has been in continual use since 1875, is
structurally sound, and in excellent operating condition.
The structure was renovated in 1979. A concrete slab with 6 x 6 10-10 wire mesh was poured
across the top of the headgates. Eight of the 17 wooden gates were replaced with four 9 foot
x 9 foot steel gates using electric lifts. The remaining nine were replaced with new wooden
gates using manual lifts.
A new building was constructed over the entire structure. The wood and steel mitre gate on
the locks are presently inoperable and some leakage occurs through them.
F4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I.
I
I
I
Plans of the renovation work show the concrete to have a f c = 3000 p.s.i. No information is
given for the steel.
Non-overflow Wall: This wall is a gravity structure of stone masonry construction which
joins the two headgate structures. The wall is in very good condition with no evidence of any
structural problems. The area on the west side of the wall is filled now.
Canal: The Augusta Canal is operated and maintained by Augusta personnel. The canal
banks do not show evidence ofleakage and appears to. be sound. The river side ofthe canal
has a service road for the full length of the canal. On the land side of the canal for the upper
five miles, the canal bank is generally at the level of the surrounding ground, in other areas
where earth fill embankments were used for the canal banks, a service road is also provided
along the top of the embankment.
Reed Creek Waste Gate: The Reed Creek Waste Gate is a gravity structure of stone masonry
and reinforced concrete construction. The original timber foundation has been replaced with
concrete. Reinforced concrete, added to the original masonry, raised the structure to its
present elevation. The bridge over the structure is a reinforced concrete slab supported by .
steel I-beams.
Available drawings of the structure indicate that "Class A" concrete, presumed to have an f\
= 3000 p.s.i., was used. Reinforcing steel is assumed to have a yield strength of 40 k.s.i.
The waste gate is structurally sound but currently inoperable. Sediment build-up in the inlet
covers the gates. The tailrace is partially overgrown with weeds and bushes.
Rock Creek Waste Gate: The Rock Creek Waste Gate is a gravity structure constructed of
stone masonry and reinforced concrete. The reinforced concrete gate wall is anchored to the
F5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
stone masomy with steel beams. The tailrace is a reinforced concrete arch over the rock floor
with earth cover. The bridge is a reinforced concrete slab supported by steel I-beams.
Drawings of the structure do not indicate the strength of either the steel or concrete. It is
assumed that the steel has a 40 k. s. i. yield strength and that the concrete has an fc = 3000
p.s.l.
The waste gate is structurally sound and operable.
Water Works Pumping Station: are not in the project boundary. Information on these
structures is provided for completeness.
18 MGD - This station, constructed in 1898 and refurnished in 1939, houses a pair of 9 MGD
turbine driven pumps. No drawings or structural design information is available. All data is
from on site inspection.
The brick masomy building is in fair condition. The pump rooms, turbine rooms and
discharge pits are of reinforced concrete construction as are the intakes. Penstocks are 8 foot
diameter steel tubes. Tailraces are stone masomy on rock.
The station is structurally sound and the equipment is in good working condition. This station
is now used for standby pumping.
20 MGD - Constructed in 1952, this station houses a single 20 MGD turbine driven pump.
Data is from as-built drawings of the installation.
The building is brick veneer over a steel frame. The intake, penstock, pump room, turbine
room and discharge pit are constructed of reinforced concrete. The tailrace is cut from
naturally occurring rock.
F6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Drawings show the concrete to have an f c = 3000 p.s.i. and the steel to have a design
strength of 12,000 p.s.i. in tension and 18,000 p.s.i. in bending.
The station is structurally sound and the equipment is in very good condition. This station is
used to supplement the 30 MGD facility during periods of high demand. It is scheduled to
assume reserve status upon construction of replacement units.
30 MGD - This station was constructed in 1977 and houses a 30 MGD turbine-driven pump
and a 20MGD diesel powered pump. Information is from available specifications and
construction drawings.
The building is brick veneer over a steel frame. The intake, penstocks, pump room, turbine
room, discharge pit and tailrace are constructed of reinforced concrete.
Concrete used in the station has an f c = 4000 p.s.i. All reinforcing steel has a Fy = 60 k.s.i.
The structure is anchored to the rock below with rock anchors.
The station is structurally sound and the equipment is in very good condition. This station
serves as the primary raw water pumping facility for the water system. The diesel driven
pump provides back-up pumping. These units are scheduled to assume reserve status upon
construction of replacement units.
Long Gate Spillway: The Long Gate Spillway was constructed in 1940 as a Works Progress
Administration (WP A) project. It replaced a brick and stone masonry structure which still
stands immediately in front of the 1940 structure. Construction data is from drawings made
by the City Engineer's office.
Reinforced concrete retaining walls were constructed next to the original stone masonry
walls. Spillway is a gravity structure of concrete with three box culverts for sluice gates.
Structural steel frame of 6 inch I-beams supports a concrete slab walkway. Stone block
F7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
.1
I
I
I
I
I
placed along the base of dam and the heel of the retaining walls form the bottom of the
tailrace.
Drawings show "Class A" concrete, assumed to have an fc= 3000 p.s.i., was used in the
retaining walls and "Class Boo concrete, assumed to have an f'c = 2500 p.s.i., was used in the
remainder of the structure. The drawings do not indicate the strength of the reinforcing steel,
but is presumed to have an fy = 40 k.s.i.
The spillway and appurtenant structures are sound and in very good condition. No visual
structural failures are evident. A small amount of leakage occurs around each of the gates.
The hand railing along the walkway has been newly replaced. The raceway to Rae's Creek is
in generally good condition. All three gates are operable and the spillway performs its
function of removing excess water from the canal.
Tin House Gate: The Tin House Gate is a gravity structure constructed of stone masonry and
reinforced concrete. The lower sections, side walls and floor are stone masonry. The upper
sections of the side walls, the roofs of the intake and tailrace, and the walls of the gate well
are of reinforced concrete construction. The bridge that carries Goodrich Street Extension
over the tailrace is a concrete slab over steel 15 inch I-beams. A tin covered building with
wood framing and wood plank floor sit atop the gate well.
A drawing of the structure indicates that "Class A" concrete was used which is presumed to
have an f c = 3000 p.s.i. No material strength information for the reinforcing steel is given,
but it is assumed to have an fy = 40 k.s.i.
The gate structure is in very good condition and both gates are operable. A small amount of
leakage occurs around each gate.
F8
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Bulkhead Gates: The Bulkhead Gates are a gravity structure originally constructed in 1919
as part of a flood control project. A 1940 renovation raised the height of the structure 12 feet
and replaced the wood mitre swing gates with vertical steel gates operated with manual lifts.
Steel framing for the gates is anchored through the bottom of the structure and encased in
concrete.
D. S. Army Corps of Engineers drawings of the structure do not indicate the specifications
for the concrete or the reinforcing steel.
The Bulkhead Gates are in very good structural and operational condition. Gates are adjusted
as needed to regulate flow to the remainder of the canal. A wood and steel bridge for bycicle
traffic across the structure has replaced a former structure that accommodated motor
vehicles. The stem on one gate is visibly bent, but operation is not adversely affected.
Weigle's Gate: The Weigle's Gate is a gravity structure consisting of a spillway and a single
gate. The spillway is constructed of 2 foot x 4 foot stone block as are the wing walls and
retaining walls along the canal. A timber cap is mounted on top of the stone spillway. A
reinforced concrete gate wall and slab added over the existing stone masonry provide
mounting for a single electrically operated roller gate.
Generally, the structure is in very good condition. The gate is operable. A considerable
amount of sediment has settled along the canal in front of the spillway up to a level just 1
foot - 2 inches below the timber cap. The original timber floor of the tailrace has been
repaved with concrete. The tailrace and raceway walls are in varying conditions but are
generally adequate. Some leakage is present around the gate.
There is no visual evidence of any structural failure in the spillway or gate.
F9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Thirteenth Street Headgates: The Thirteenth Street Headgates are a gravity structure of brick
masonry construction. The retaining walls along both sides of the canal are also brick
masonry. Each ofthe five wood gates is controlled by a manually operated lift.
The brick masonry construction is in good condition. The wood framed building and shed
need considerable repair. Four of the gates are operable while the geared operator is broken
on the fifth one.
There is no evidence of any structural failure in the Headgates.
Industrial Generating Plants: These generating facilities are independently operated and
maintained by the industrial plants and are separately licensed.
FlO
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
DRAWINGS
Fll
'f\~ v
~
~
~Etl ~
tJ.lt: ~
~~ ~
O\J :;:!
~~ a..;
So ~
:t:~ ~
~~
t.:J~
t.:JE--;
~~
c
~~
e
./
\' .,-
~../
\~ \.,
,,~ .-/
;!'''"~:''
." ~~ \\
. ....Jw
'__ . ~ u \
~ ~ :...........t::>
\ . '\
""-l .
'. <o:C \., .
//~~~ ~ '\..
'U ~
:o:r:: ~
;< i c;-~
l 3 ~ u~
....__..,::::> E--;
"'1- '--r--' --;:!. ~
, " <o:C <:- ....
'--/ e [g2
~~
..- <o:C:t:
....... -~-"
}
/K
/
-------------------
~E--;
~~
~~
~~
l::lo
~~
[go..;
~~
<o:C~
AlliJEli! COVNTY
-- --
~vGEFTfW ~O'UN'liY
~
~
~
c
~
~
~
'S
~
~~
~~
~~
~'=:.
..-
<'-l
.....-
~~I
I-~
z4:
=>1-
o~
Uo::
OW
-II-
w4:
G:~
w
0~
0<(
WO::
...--.
::.:: w
ww-l
wI-CO
0::<(<(
u00::
WW
ol-a..
wVlO
wo<!z
o::~c.
0::
w
o
o
4:
-I
J:
Vl
G:
./
./
/
)
,...
/
/"
;~Z.:.TFti_:; ~N~017,~~:;:~
L~_~.'\~)~~:: .~~ :T,-'SiI'!l:~~.: ~l')
~
~
~--.,
~~
r?'
.~~
;~cg
N ",'-0
\8L~G
'-.,
(:0) 4
~
Y
~~
~~
::::>~
O~
\JV}
~~
Ccs::
~~
\.)::::>
.....Q.,
~Q::;
.~
E--;
~~
~=
~=
~<o:C
<o:CQ::;
..-
""l
~
~
~
0..;
~
:t:
~
~
~
~
L
'J'S '\'lalVnlOJ
"'-l ~
"'-l ..r
..... 0
~~l/')
~~ .
~~O
tJ.lr-<Z
>-.J;'%U
Cl:l'-'O::
.... w
~~~
.........
-.-<>....
~
~
<3
~
~~
~[::
~~
:s~
~'=:.
6>
~
~
<3
~
~i
~~
V)E--;
~ ~;'%
tJ.l E--; '-'
"'-l ~~
~
::::> tS'
...--. \.:) ~ \:::;J
~ ~ ~~
~ 0> ~r-<
~~O> =<o:C
~tl.jo t.:J
r""E--; Z ~~
'-' <o:C .... '=:.
~\:l ~ <:
~~W l;;:::
....,-.....:..u...
..- '-"
~
-
o<!
I-
Vl
=>
00::
=>w
o<!l-
4:
J:~w
I- ~
o::~o<!
Oo<!l-
ZO::~
J:
u
o::t:
~O
4:~
wo<!
COO
\
\
OA-
00.- "b~
'<'"c:>
~
\S'"L
~"\,
I
\
;f
...,J
:::!
::t
~
~
~ ~
~ >-(3
!:: ~~
~ :::!~
~ ",f-;;
Q::~
~_ ~V)
VleJ
. ;:)~
c.:>()
~Cl..
\.
\
a
_ ~ 8-
__~_ I")
~ ---
C3
~
:;:S~
~~
~<3
....
~~
~
a
o
o
I")
a
o
o
I")
"
o .......
W
-I
. <(
o u
o Vl
l/')
.....
,
~
~
[fj~
...,J~
~<o:C
~O
~'=:.
~
-
''''8 "v'lN'tll 'f
(~~'!
G>,
~
.J
c;-;
.~
I::.~
"
r.~
"-::-c"
rc~
....
()
~
.~
o
1-0
~
...
~
~
o
Co
o
...
~
>.
X
-
eel
s:::
eel
U
eel
....
VJ
=
0.0
='
-<
~
.c:
f-4
..-
v
w
a:::
::>
o
I...L.-
I-
U
W
J
o
n:
a..
o n:
c: w
o ~
U 0
o 0 a..
o .., 0
o III n:
I 5, 0
o :J ~
..... 4:'UJ:
co Q)
_ N Q) .~-I
..... O.cOo<!
......., Ol-!tz
Ouo<!N <(
I .9:!., 0 .... ;...:. Q).... U
t')o Q)'
O....o.D~~<(
.....a....,EwOI-
o III Q) 0:: g-Vl
U:J.., ....=>
Z 0:: C7l a.~ "0 0
,w :J Q) '-' >.=>
Ju...4:VlG:J:o<!
-
-
-
-
~
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
\
-
-
-
'I
i;
),
~
----------
~BD
n________. _n"'-':-:':::':'--
-.-
,........
~
~
~
b
.:.
It
~
b
>b
'i'
..
'i'
..
'0
.~
Ii
<'-,
y
..
'i
~
,
~
d
!I
-I
."
I
"
.~
~
i~'
"
~
~
~
o
ZO
0-1
~c,
<{z
~q;
-'
wW
I-
1-<:
Ul~
<{O
W<:
i!:W
=:JI
or--
(/)V
[0
~
..
~
r:.
'"
..
~
~
0::
~
Ii:
t~
~
~
0']
J.
'.
.. ~
r. :~...
~ :.
.:. ;":.-:' '.~~
~"~~:.~.
.;~.~ ~.',;.
ictr.:....
..";.....:.~ .~.'. .
{N;:l:
. -, -,.: ' .
..\" .
\
~
:1
q
..'
~. .
.
,C,
~\\
\\\
cl
'f
~
~
~
,011
IDL"" <C'l
~
u
<
~
gs t
~
JJ
11
~[
::j
a:
..
-I
~
:::E
<{
o
Z
o
Vi
0::
w
>
15
o
Z
<{
Ul
~
0::
~
Cl
<{
W
J:
-'
<{
Z
<{
()
u...
o
Z
<{
-'
Q..
-'
<{
0::
lJJ
Z
lJJ
()
~
~
~"1ii
i-~
~-;;
~z
:'t
~
~
~
W
0:
~
o
::l
0:
...,1-
c,Vl
z~
Q<:
t;<.!l
~"
..t-
oo
~
::l
0:
I
I-
~
.
..
~
~
!.! ~
g ~ '"
"- I I
;!; S l.- ~ ~
w ~ ~
<I!
u ~ ~
<Jl
~ "
~ '1-' .
. ~
~ "
t.. ~
f;/ .
~ "
B_
...
!!
13-
~
VJ
W
0::
=:J
l-
I- 0
U =:J
<( a g:
- 0::: VJ
G a.
0::: "" I:!
o "'" <{
w g 0,-...
(;) 0.. 00
o <{z
.0::: wF
I 5:! J: Vl
:I: X
<( -' Ow
t- 0<( Z........
CIJ Z <l:
::::l Z :::E
G <<: <l:
:::l I- 0
<: v>
::>
3-5-
<( -
VJ
0::
lJJ
~
o
;;:
Z
o
i=~
o<l:
nWO
()Ul
z~6
o=:J-
_~VJ
1-_0::
()XW
w<l:>
VJ:::i;Ci
=:JIJ..
ct::O
~
~
;;
.
~
a
, ~~
" ~
m\
-\
Ii)!l
"I ~61f}5 Gl:l\3l'J
10 e0l!
-
.
~
~ ,
.,
i1Ii
- - @1Il1
b 961
t ~ (!I
,....
'll>-
~
~
"1fl
l
d
-
-
-
~\ ~~
~~
;l
~I ~I ~
;
~
-
-
-
-
.
I
;
~
~
@
'I
10
.
~
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
I
L___________
III
-
~
~
S
;.
:,'
,?:
00
a
o
-
W
Q::
~
o
::l
g:
"t Ul "
C!I ~
Z w,:,
g':{~
t;0g
W In ~
V)r--
r(J
..-
::)1
a:
~
-
-
-
~
<a
-i~-'-.--
\.
~
t
Ill\;
~d
I
~
~
U'i
'iii
..
1m
~
.
I
--.
s
g
~
i
;
~
B
~
..
.
b
>I
I
.
WZ~a
~Qga
~'<-'+
::>>0
~'jza
~ W <( .
(/) <(
t-(/)I-
~~I=!U1
<(W<(-l
<..?~g~
lI)::l<C<(
r--owu
~V):r:
~
JJ-p.
o
i
~
~
l;>
!:
~
-------~~
]
1!I1lI
fJa~
el~s
Clmgm
O::W
wa:
1i:j2
::>(;) - .---
0:: ::l 'I
FE ~ 'r
VJ"
-.:t ~
:x:l!:!~
z<9
00
t=1O
UI'-
WlJ:)
V)..-
~
3:
~
."
~
I
...
10 ~
a
..
..
'.
"
"
iI-
~-
~-
~I
a
2
~
'g
"
.
i
(fl
W
Q::
~
t- 0
~::l
6 g: 8
-< g: III a
(3 0:: W I
cr:....t- 0
o~<( ~
w ~ <-',....co
r.:> 0 Cl 0;:
o::<(z.
.OW~O
<( >- :I:UlZ
t-:I: -
lfl -' Cl ~t
::l < z......-Il:l > g
C1~<( ~UI
-:J- u_::l'~ Z g
<( ~<( u c:O
~ 0 ffi ~ 8
<;IZ ...G:
::>0 UI
<(;j ~
Q:: :I
~ -
Ci N
W
~
~
o
Z
<(
Q::
..rW
-,00
::l'
z<(
o:r:
~Ll
(J~
~o
a
-l
10
I'-
lJ:)
..-
::l
tt::
:r:
to-
'a
l
~
~
N
~
10
c
z
U
II<
~
..
-
,
~
'"
~.-:-
~,.,.,~"
...,<""~.
_,(f'~\w:.,. " "
?W.
-
-
._.
_.
---
- -
.~
~.q..l
o ]
~
,-,,~..
~
~
~
N
'"
o
"-".,,,
..
7tl'Nt1':J ---+ t1'J.Sn9ntl'
'"
<l
=f I
I
1-
~I~ 8
i!:.J
ow
"-
'0
~
"'"
-"".,.~..., ~~
~, ..
._..w-_
'1,11 H
"A N " .
SA'
J:CL___.
J
w
.~"'l'\~~\"'\I:D~""I':"'''''"\.'')Jo..U.>
_nJ
- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
~r
. /
R
" E: R
,.A
r~
~
~I----
0:
W
co
~
<l
J:
U
'"
<l :w::
u
0'0
.J.
z ,
o 0~\Q
- W
~ Z ~
U 0 ~
w 0 III
Z
VI <I
co
<I
.;-
'"
C>
'-
-,l'
/" ".:'.,.,.
_._.~~~~."."""'":,'''''',..~~~,.
--
:!\"':'
.,.
'"
C>
z
o
i= cr..
rt) ~ w?
W (/) 0-_
o '
-1 ~ m
Z <l .J....
o Z ::
- - w
1-0 J:-'
~ ~ (f) ~
(f) t: La: (fJ
Cl
Z
o
.J
:~r'
z
",~Cl:
Clt-W
<10
> 0
ZW<I
S?.J.J
~w
U J:
wI-(/)
(/)(/)-
<I u.
W
"'""......,.~,..,.,..,.,.\......"~'I":~
,-~~~
-'
-'
...
'0
co
-
~
c(
o
z
Q
VI
0:
w
>
o
o
Z
<l
VI
:w::
0:'
00
~.'
00
<l ..
w'
:z: '-
.JW
<l -'
Z "
<l ~
U
lL
o
Z
<l
.J
a..
.J
<l
a:
w
z
w
"
i
ii
~
~
-
-
~
z
o
'" ;:: ::E.
.'Ii;' -<.> -<I -0---
~ ~ 0 ~
& ~ 5';,,,,
, z::> v; -
o~a:w
- - W ..J
~ X > "
<I _ u
U ~ 0 III
w::> lL.
VI 0: 0
~
VI
" w
Z a:
;:: ::>
'" u ~
alw~'o
~ g: .~
o VI,'
Z U "'Jill
o.J\O",
- -1 ,.... ..J
f-<lal"
U ~ ~ ~
w::>
Vlo:,...
:z: <T
f-' co
-
-
-
-
'0
'",
o
,
~
'0
,
'",
'co
.'0
,
'",
--...
N
_.~._~.
'",
....
'9
\0
'0
-~~.
'0
,
iD
.--.-..
'0
,
...
z
o :w::
- U
~ 0
<l .J
> 0
w ;Z
..J <('0
w w'':
~:
<I ~
f- <:> ::
V) 0 ~
<l <l "
l1J W ~
:z: :z:
~ ,...
::J <T
o ~
VI
o
N
-,--
"f-.. .
L_~
-.....-...
-
'",
'-I"'"
, ,
~~ 10
'",
'"
'"
o
Z
o w
- -'
~ "
,... ~
U <T
w co
(f1 0
.::J
a:
~ i
g-
N
]
t
-.,
1
. ~
'"
.-
'"
~ ...
~-
l:I
<l
~
o
W
C>
10 . .
I.' . <[
1- 0 t-
. .' (/)
~...l.I.~lll G
~ ~ a
.J .-
of C
U u lL.
.. .. 0
>-
t-
o
]
!
~
>- (/)
~~
o ~
jj! u
CI :;)
z a:
- f-
~ VI
-'0::
"'" W
Zz ~
5~ g G
O:u 0 Z
~~ ;'J f::
~u J: (/)
~ 0 x
~~ ~ ~
g~ ::E
"8 ~
Ci ;z
NO
~fQ
to- W
~ ~
III 0
-
...
o
:z
u of
" "
- N
. ..
~:~
~ I~
~..!
o
:: "-
. 0
" "
l/...
~;,
i:~
!iil
N B!.
i
"
11
"
N
..
..
'"
Ii
u
a:
w
...
-
-
-
:&
g
z
o
iii
'"
w
>
0'"
'"
~~
0.'
0-'
I-Ul
-
-
-
:>::
l-
i
'"
UJ
I-
'" en
" '"
o
-' I-
UJ '"
UJ '"
I- Ul
en 0.
o
,
o U
I -
" '"
'" I-
U
. Ul
, ..J
o UJ
,
"",
I
..
o
, -'
"", '"
:>
. z
, '"
o :Ii
-'
<D
I
'"
? CI:
" :>::0
~I-""
-'"
. 3: '"
, Ul
OUlo.
_I ~o
"'''-'
w '"
-'e:>
"oz
zo",
iii3::I:
:t
"t
~~
~'"
"l::"
::......
"l~
<I)
-
to
,...
<0
lJ.J
I-
<l:
(!)
z
o
w _
0:: I-
:;) <l:
I- >
~ W
0:: ...J
I- lJ.J
V'l
l-
(/)
<l:
W
:I:
I-
:;)
o
(/)
-
:.:
u
o
...J
O.
Z 0
<l: ..:.
.
Cl)
(/):,
w ..
I- ~
<l: ~
(!) en
o
<l:
W
:I:
...
-
o
I
~
. ~I
.. on
"~ ~I
'0['
....
..-..-.-.
o
,
N
..
-
+.
Cl)
..
-'
w
1m:
U
m
'0
I
in
-
"l
.......
<I)"l:
~~
~'t
~~
't
w
...
'"
C>
-
:t
"t~
~'"
~::..
"l:....
::..~
"l:
<I)
'"
..
..
..i
w
.~I
.
-
~II
,
I
L_ __
III
...
III
..i
w
'"
'"
w
Il)
":I:
U",
0:>::
-'u
'-J
I
,I
,
1[
.:
0::
lJ.J W
a: 0::
:;)
:;) I-
0:: U,
:I: :;) 0
I- cr"':'
1-;
(/) ..
::::
v "'
w ..
:I: I- j
<l: '"
(!) ~
z
o to
;:: ,...
u CD
w -
(/)
"~~;
l'~i
........
-~J
-
IT
~I
II
..
'"
..
!
..J
W
...
UJ
UJ
...
Z
W
-'
'"
u
en
-
z
o
I-
U
W
(/)
v
.,
:~
~
..
N
N
..
~-
~
.~
~
:;)
cr
:I:
I-
to
....
CD
lJ.J
lJ.J
">
W
...J
o
Z
<l:
cr
W
[lJ
::!:
<l:
:I:
U
:.:
u
o
...J
'0
I
.
.
..
::::
"'
Ul
..J
'"
u
en
'0
I
;81
...
~
..
]
!
~~
-
w
cr
:;)
I-
U
V :;)
CI cr .
I- 0
(/) ~
.
z w ~
I- -
o <t ;;;
- (!) ..
Ul
1-" ..J
(.J l() ~
,... en
W CD
(/) -
:;)
0::
:I:
I-
o
I
..
::::
..
...
oJ
'"
~
-
~ ~
:J Q:
- :J
U I-
it u
<l: ~~
~ ;ti
o ~ffi w
I.LJ z z ....
C) cfw C(
uC) ~_
~ ffiu ~ ~
en ~~ W j::
::J u:I: (/)
CI w _
::J ...J 0 X
<l: ~~ ~ !:!
u.. g g ::a
o ::J:Z: 0:::(
>- '" 8 0
t: N Z
UNO
z Vi
o Q:
~ W
'" >
Iii 5
-
-
..
N
...
...
'"
o
z
u
'"
w
...
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
:t
'<l:
01:
01:
'<l:
::.
'<l:
\I)
..
Cl:
llJ
::.
....
Cl:
.-'
L.~
....
--_.-~_.
.__ Y..
f;'--;: ..:.::::.:_.
\ .~
.' .\\
\.' .'
._' '.
...~ .\
L.:g
- --
.---.
z
o
~
III
CO
l1. I-
:ll '"
::> -
l1.
o
CO
"
o
,.,
..::!
"'..
~~~
1Il-
'" ....
~~~
~1511l
",::!l1.
a: a: "
.. 0::>
~~a..
'"
,.,
'"
,
---------
-
,:'gT
-...;-------
-------fnf=
-t!-
'<l:
f...
II)
~
~
~
~
--.J
'<l:
01:
~
I..>
1~
o
,...
of-
Ul
CO
<(
l-
I/)
I-
<(
Z
<(
...J
0.
"0
OJ
'"
-'
..
U
III
o
,
",+
'"
"
,
.~:~
o
CO
~
r+:2
~.
;:
~
III
OJ
l1. '"
:l '"
::> -
l1.
~=~~==-~----------------------- t~'
------------------------- g-
"
'"
~
III
'::~'.;
:'.~;;:
":.~,,:
....
'"
'"
a:
....
"'
In Z
I.L 0
~ sl'o
_ I/) ,
I- :..
<( 0. .
> ~ .co
w :::> ....
-l a.. ::
w OJ
-'
_ 0"
-.= <!) u
I/) :;:"'----
<( -
W 0
N
~
OJ
>~
ol!:
"'0
....-' OJ
(,)5 .
~lXJ ~
U. _
",u. .
.-~--~
I
:Fm--~n~
: II
!! ~ !I
111", "Ii
:, ... Ii
~.l~_____~j
L......-l~c-
II'f-----1
' '~
~L.ln..I.._
I I
I '
"------1
I
I
I
I
,
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
\
I
I
I
o
;;:
...i
w
y
I;
~1
r
z
o
i=.
<( 0
In I- ,
<( U') ":-
Z a.. N
o ::;: ,.,
- ::> ....
t;a.2
w 0 -'
(J) <!) ;}
::;: III
o
N
~~
N
:~
~I
III
'"
z:
iii
a:
::>
....
..
..
~
...i
'"
....
OJ
'"
U.
z:
OJ
-'
..
u
"'
o
N
o
~
o
..
o
..
~-
..
_ N
~ ,.,
- ~
'w N
-'
..
u
.. :!!
..-
'"
o
~
:
. ~
.c;' N
N
,., ..
.... -
..
'"
.:
:;:
N
"
0_
~
~
..
....
'"
oJ
~
5
o
..
u. )-
c> I-
~ ~
..J~ U
ati:
~~ ~ ~
0:0 - Z
~o: Yi i=
:::> 0 t; :::> VI
g a.~ D. X
<( e~ ffi ~
IJ,. ::z 0 t-
o ~?i: <(
" ~
~ ~ ~
- OJ <(
U N lr
Z
o
J::
..
....
'"
",'
!::
oJ
'"
W
U
..
a:
-'
~
-
..
o
"
..
. .
~i ~
94 ~
~- "
0~1
::J~i
o
z
" ..
. 0
" ,.,
~.iii
~$l
~I N
~: ~
~~..:
!~l:!
NH
~
:l
on
OJ
l-
I-
on
o
z
U
It:
'"
U.
OJ
..
'"
dl
-
- - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - -
t
~
"
Z
III 0
W _
I-
Z ~ '0
o Ul ,
~ -;
<:( ll. .
> 2 ~
w ;;:) _
~ 0. W
W ..J
"
o u
'" Ul
~ :<
w 0:>
en
.,:
~
..J
w
..J
?Ii
o
N
'"
..J
w
'0
,
.0
~
Ul
w
:z:
iXi
....0:
...~
"....
r
"'"'
U
..Jz
""
....0:
Z...
o
~:z:
0:-
o~
r....
(,
,
'oJ
,.,
...
,.,
W
..J
"
U
Ul
0:>
'"
..J
W
I
~~I
~I
dl
...J
"
....
.1,::
.8
~t'
o
OJ
on
.J
w
mE
B$
-HTB-
Z
It> 0
o -
I-
Z ;:
o Ul
~ ll.
> ~
w ;;:)
...J ll.
W
o
I- c.?
Ul ::!:
<l
w 0
,..,
J
.
~
i:J
..J
"
U
"'
(,
.
N
~
w -:
- ,.,
>g ~I ~ i
8c ~ ..J
......J J' W _
~~ 2 rt1~----------~''''''J --
rt ...:. .j[----------'L,1 ?Ii
::! ~ ~~. I ____ w
i ~ r1'1r::::::::::::::::::---orl ___
:1-1.1...____, ~I+-----
r- ----- I ~H
I -J '
i ['~0_' I
I
'11
I II
'....,
I,.
I Ii
I I'
'I ---, I
: : I f..",
I II l.___.I I
L1 ~-------1
"
11
I:
.,
..j ~========,
"
"
II
-- ---H.--
I:
"
"
~b==
~~
~
{
z
3'
....
...."'
...w
"z
~ii)
0:
.j ~ ,...
;! cD
Z Ul N
0- -
N U .
_ Z ..J
:r.-.ort_ w
air -.~
r...
z
o
I-
<:(
It> I-
U Ul
Z ll.
o ::E
- ;;:)
I- a.
U
W 0
Ul c.?
::E
o
,.,
...
.,.
2
..J
w
i.t;J
:~
.
~
W
..J
"
U
..
,
~
....
w
w
...
Z
w
..J
"
U
Ul
o~
"
!e
..
..
..
"
0__
..
o~
"
!
..
..
N
"
o
..
"
..
~-
o
.
.~
"
i:J
oJ
~
~
::;
u
..
~ ~
~ ~ d
a:-,:~
o c:( W LL
W Z Z
l.D ;3~~ S
;!ffi!'!n:~
~ ~~ ~ t;;
g "'ja. ><
<:( ~~ 5 ~
l.L.. ~ 0 I-
o g~ ~
"
~ ~ ~
- ~ <l
U Na:
z
o
1=
..
I;;
-
...
o
..
...
!~! ~
'. ~
9..~
~=.
9J1
o
z
'" ...
. 0
'~ 5
Iwe i
~i f;I
15: ~
~i g
Nal
z
~
~
en
..
11
'"
N
...
...
'"
cj
z
~
-
o
;;;
----
"'~
~
-
-
..-"]'
)P
---t-
o
,
...W
-~-~-
z a:
::em
W
0:0
.J
0:0
~...
0..0
'"
'"
,..
,j
W
-
:;':'.,~.
.......
-
.::::~ ',-
'~ :\;.~.
~
o
!!!
.J
W
I'I!/
Iii
i'
W:.:;;':.~~.~':.
-
.....':,...;
\': 1::~:.::.
j0::~:
r.f.~t::;
-
'"
+ en
w
I/') I- .
I/') <( 0
N c> -:
<( -
I- 0
en<(w
w .J
... :r ~
<( ~ II>
..J
Z =>
<( II)
..J
a.
-
9';
. . ~.
::;;
....,.
'"
or
.J
'"
-
-
-~
Z _..J
WII>..J
2::~<c
a:'" .
Q~;
a:w~
........
W..>-
""....
en
w
I-
<l
~
o
<l
W
J:
~
..J
=>
II)
-
'"
oj
~
.J
W
'9
.
or
:::
W
..J
..
U
II>
'"
'"
!!!
.J
W
-
, ,
H
"
~_J.<:".
,...,...:::;,;
, I
,
I
-
b
,
..
..
o
2
~
~ ~
~~ ~
0(1) _
..... -'
1I>::e W
."J
W
...
<l
"
.J
O.J
0:",
...Z
Z<l
00..
U
a:
. W
~~
':;-'
. 0
"w
'x
~:J -2ii:
:J ~~
<lu
,,<l
.J
. ..
'"
,'"
.,.... -:
..J
. ..
"'u
,0:
~!:
-
f"
,...
II)
-
:::Ii
<(
w en
a: W
I- I-
~ ;; 2
=> .
- 0 ~
Z <( ~
o W-'
_ J: <l
I- ~ u
<( ..J (I)
> =>
~ II)
W
::
z
or
'"
~
....'"
W
",,,,
"a:
o:U
<l
J:(I)
U'
(l)W
_<l
Oll:
~
<(
-fQ- :5
o ..J
.... - .
.~ 0.. ~
~~ t/)__
~o W W
:liO I- oJ
t-z_ <t <l:
~~cc8 Ct :;;
Coo:I;CI)>
wo C>
5~~~ ~
)'<l =-----=.1
o
o
"
N
I
w
I
-
WII>
!'!w
::>u
-'..
II>.J
.0..
-?7
...
.'"
. W
.....
'<l
;,-"
-.
,...
CD
~
<l
... ~
..J
Q.
Vl
W
I-
<l
C>
Z C>
<l Z
..J 0
Q. ..J
::ell>
~ffi
::e
"'...
u::>
a:m
m<l
-
::!:
lE
o
w
C>
~
en
=>
~
=>
<(
u.
o
~
I-
o
o
'"
W
-'
<l
U
II>
o~
..
~
~IL:a ~~ ~~~_
- . rr ..JJ--:lJ.
g ~., (OJ
!: en
:J W
- I-
o <l
11; ..,
~ 0
-= <(
<l W
.J rt: :r:
Olw ~
z z ..J
~ ~ ii5 t;
ll:u Z
~ ~ I i=
Ou ~ V)
0.. ~ <( _
<l W ~ lj
....~ ..J-
II> _
::> 0-
"z en
~8 W
~~
z ~
Q Z
:; 0
:;; ..J
o
N
"'
-'
<l
o
II>
....
W
W
....
:!:
W
-'
<l
U
II>
-
.-
, 1
..
:r~
o
'"
o
"
o
"
!2
2
~
-
is
I~
'"
..J
<l
U
'"
-
~
Z ~
o ..J
_ ..J
I- -
<l a.
> Vl
W
..J W
W I-
<(
I- c>
en
W ~
~ Z
o
..J
o~
..
I!!
N
..
'"
..J
"
~
-
,..
'"
,..
,..
on
g
o
a:
W
...
-
-
--._...~
-
\
\
-
-
,-.
"
,.:
on
j
w
'"
u
rr.
Cll
lD
,
o
"
'"
,"
"-Cll
"
~
-
"o~'
.~
-NI-
.O~
" ~
lDl-
f"'
(])
(])
.
I'\f
1001
~
".
-
-
(])I
<~
-
0
Z
..
V> ,,~~
W
I-
< / ~
c;l
I- 0
w <l '0
w ~I w
0: ,
--. I- :J::
III '"
-,,, "
.c I- W -
-", W -' 0:
W ;j en
a: "'
l-
V>
.- :l:
I-
~
'0
,
ZI'-:!.
o '"
_ -'
..
I- u
< "'
>
W
-'
W
(I)
<l
z
o
I-
<l
>
W
...J
W
(I)
m
-
'0
.'
'_I.,.
'"
-'
~
-
o
"
"Cll
N
"!
N
on
'-:J
~~I'
-;-'~
.. Z . ".)"-
. _~ C " ~
o - '"
0. ".."
w :.:
,I- ~
III ..
. :r
olD
-' 0
N I-
'"
!!
...I
W
I -----":
f i
,
I
.,. . ... . ., ~. . ....... II,! I, '::~
"',"
" ...:' . . " : ,f '~',
-. - - '- - - - - - - - -
. . . .
I .... : > '"
.', "....
0 : .J>',
'.'
II' -----
. ,
,
"
'.
o ~j . .
,.: " ' I
",t: ~ .0
Ztt:.... If) ~"
-c( -oJ - "
1~-~~r.~----
-
'.
""0:
o
"'''"
;",
..JjO
"'0
q:r
:till
"l-
I- - 0
~ Qz
::;
w
I-
..
"
U
;r
C
W
...I
W
-
...I
-'
d.
3'
~
-
,
.
'Z
"
o
o
0.
w
I-
III
.
'0
~
-
".
W
0-
..
'"
W
u
3
...I
III
'0
,
;"
..
u.
.
'"
-
,.,
'"
-'
"
u
..
'0
,
;.,
...
-'
..
u
"'
!oJ
J
...I
..
"
w
z
o
I-
III
0.
'0
I-
:2
..
...
Cll
o
8
jO
;~
..
,Cll
:E
it
"
"
o
...I
,lD:
W
z,
::'
lIl,
u..
~
,2
''''
,0'
jO'
,0\
...I,
;LL..:
0:
...
>
o
i
o
,
lD
!!
.,I,
m
O'
-
.i
,
\
0-
W
W
""
Z
W
J
"
U
III
~ V>
:J !oJ
- I-
" <l
r.=! g
<l !f <l
- i= l.JJ
~ ...Ie.! :I:
o <WI-
!oJ Zz !oJ
c;l~~~;;
<l ~Ul-Z
~ - (f) -
V> 0: I-
::l oti.r (I)
go.~i<lx
<t,ofl.lJ-W
I-lj? _
u.. ~ 0 I
o g?i: w
>- .. 8 ~
t: it ~
<.) NW
Z ...J
<;1 Cl
~ W
t;; ~
:nI
...I
W
>
...
...I
...I
"
z
"
v
!oJ
...J
c;l
!oJ
~
w
I-
<l
C>
o~
"
"
!?T1
, .
u; q
z.~ Cl
1-;; ~
I~.. ~
'~ I'
e .
;... I'
,-'
I: b.
. e
'!ii' !:!
"S'.
I~~ ~
~g g
~!l~
NS;
r-
'I
"'
"
\
I
~
-
. ~
o
,
~ ~
~
"
u
"'
--,Jh~-
o
~
-I"
...
-'
..
v
"'
] :~
!!
".;>
;.,
'- "
'"
...I
"
U
"'
..
2
-
'"
N
,..
t-
on
g
U
0:
w
,...
-
-
-
IIIi
...
...
-
,----.
-
",-.
-
---.
-
"-"1
-
.--..,
-
~
-
-.
-
~-
-
-
-
-
-
----..
-
~
o
.,
.
I
.
I
r
\
1\,
\\
,
...
o
V!
Lj
>
u
z
\~
'K
w
z
o
l-
ll)
I/!
i'
'"
o
.
<oJ
...
II
!W
!,
I
i
o
..
o
wg
u
z
"
l-
V! 0
- ..
Cl
~
~
o
!!!
'"
o
+
<oJ
...
"
l-
ll)
:t
"l
:::
:::
"l
~
"l
Ii)
Cl:
L.,
::..
....
Cl:
rf
.~
II
(I
~/
o
o/g
a.
"
o
u
>
..J.
..J
"
;:
a:.
<l
a.
>
~
..J
..J
0:
V!
a:
w
~
a:
...
o
~
I
o
~ on
- '"
, ~
;" ...
. ...
o -
I- "
" l-
e> lI)
j;j
:J:
..J
..J
"
~
W
Z
o
l-
ll)
"
u
II
I-
w
OJ
a:
l-
V!
..
o
..
<oJ
.
a;
"
l-
V!
OJ
Z
::;
OJ
lI)
"
III
>
OJ
>
a:
::>
CIl
I!:'~
, en
t:
,
i
;"
'"
III
"l
"
Ii)
~
\:>
::)
"l
....
"l
:::
"l
\,)
...
i
/i
I'
I II
!
I
if}
11
II
ili
/1
:.1
o
o
10
;;
W
I-
u
::l
0:
I-
III
Z
o
u
~
.J
<%
I-
0:
<%
Cl.
b
>- on
Z\ ; ..
oct .J::
..J ..J",
- ..J
ll. Cl."
(I) u
CIl
>-
U
Z
W
c:>
0:
W
:E
W
<%
Cl.
~
g
OJ 0
U .,
Z
..
l-
V!
<:; i
o
~
o
...
o
'"
o
+
..
III
..
p-
CIl
>-
<%
~
.J
.J
Cl.
(/l
(I)
Z
o
I-
U
W
(I)
b
<oJ
.
,..:
a:
w
>
b
..
.
N
ii
o
"
OJ
..J
..
U
lI)
...
o
!!!
. "':\, T'" _~.
't 0 .l L
..J~ ., 'c3
II
\
I,
I~ .
:\--~
. .... -..---- r'~
__.._~L
. !Ij--
8
N
_.NO.l J...V.A.3 , ~
~ ~ 2
I ' I ' .,
o
z
OJ
W
1
~ 0
(/') .JI.I..I-
OJ a. 0
l-LL :it:t
<0 oU)tD
ClO ut;:i
~ ~ ~,@ ~
OJ ..Jo
X:;t ~uw
I- P- N
Wet: a::-
Xo ct:)-lf)
....z a..;z
~~ ~~:.
~.... lLZ;~~
....j 0 e>....
8ct~ cft;~~
...~q ~~a:~
OJ-V cf<DV1C
.ct a:w
o:t u W OJ LrJ w.
"'II-oJ: x l;tt:'-
~ "'.:.JI- I-UJ~N
g N
W
..J
..
U
CIl
I-
W
"'
...
z
NOI!"^313
0 0 0
!!! ... N
I I . I
~
~
~
'"
w 0 0
u ., .
z
" III
... ~
CIl
- 0 ..
o ..
l-
ll)
0
0
..
0
.,
NO Il,,^ 313
0 0 0
!!! :!: N
, I , I
]
~
o
!!!
o
2
o
~
5:-
N
o
'"
W
..J
..
U
..
15 <%
;: a.
;! ~
V!
> ~
I- Cl
;! ~
If UJ
... .J
<t e> ll.
_ z:i
c:> ;: 0
~ ;1~ U
w z~,.
~~1ll:J~
~ ffi~ ~ ~
(I) ~ a: I- -
::lotiO:I-
g o..~ ~ ~
<[ cfW_X
lI.. :;;~ ~ ~
o 15 >- ~
::>" .J
>- "8.J
:: . 11:
u ~ (I)
"
J
~
..
..
-
...
o
Q
u.
. ~ <I
!~ ~
-. ...
5. :;
Ii.'~l
~jj
\
U
a:
OJ
...
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
o
"
I
-
I
I
\\,
\'
+\
\~\
~
il!
...
o
III
L1
o
\1
.~
UJ
2:
o
I-
III
'"
o
<'oJ
...
+if
~
II
/
"
UJ
I-
UJ
..J
Q.
"
o
u
,..
..J.
..J
<
;::
0:.
'"
Q.
,..
'"
~
..J
0:
III
,...
U
Z
UJ
'"
0:
...
:Ii
UJ
/
o
i
i
I
\1
il
:\\1
il\
il
i\
I
o
..
o
UJ"
U
Z
'"
I-
III 0
- ..
o
o
'"
o
+
<'oJ
...
<
I-
III
NOI1~^3'3
~ ~ g
-;- , ~ I ..
~
,
.,
o
I-
"
'"
w
"
..J
..J
'"
~
UJ
Z
o
I-
III
=t
"l
~
~
"l
::.
"l
V)
It
t.,
::.
....
It
~
1
o
f;
i
j
/:
i\
o
o
II>
z
ct
..J
n.
I-
UJ
UJ
0:
I-
OJ)
UJ
2:
:;
UJ
III
<
.,
,..
...
>
II:
:>
III
"l
"
V)
~
(1)
;::)
"l
..;
"l
~
"l
\,)
...
il}
;il
,
III
;/
o
W
I-
o
:::l
0::
I-
(I)
Z
o
o
~
..J
<
I-
0::
<
n.
"0
>- .,
<l: .
~ '-
;J .,
..J '"
- ..J
n. "
(I) u
III
>-
o
z
w
C)
0::
W
::E
w
<
n.
~
o
"
... 0
u"
z
"
I-
OJ)
-0
0"
~
o
..
o
'"
o
..
ell
...
<
I-
III
>-
<
~
..J
..J
n.
(I)
(I)
z
o
I-
o
W
(I)
"0
<'oJ
,..:
II:
UJ
>
"0
<I'
.
N
ii'
o
"
UJ
..J
'"
U
III
~
~
g
UJ 0
u "
z
"
I-
~ ~
~
o
..
o
NOIl~^3'3
000
" .. N
~ . I . j'
I
~
'"
o
..
<I'
.,
..
I-
III
...
o
!e
~ ~.,,.,.
'0
...:...(~
-"
I,
1'<1
~
\
~t1
r~
I l
o :;
I
rPI
l~
; I
8
'"
!I!ll~_
~ ~ 2
ii' 'I
o
z
UJ
W
i
~ 0
(I') ...JL&.1-
~ ~ ~ o~
<1:0 OCJ)c.D
:~ u~~
4~ ~''''O::
W -,Zu..
"i= :!3...
Wa: ~ ~
::1:0 <C()-Cf)
1-2 o..,q
...w W~=
<t~ ~ ~l? .
~ 1.1.. cnZIt'
t-..,j 0 l;~
8-t~ .;ft~~
...~~ ~~a:~
0.... <(!)CI)Q
.ex a:W
~ u w U,I W w.
m 1-9'" ",,"'<I'
I- Cf) .... I-L&J....N
o
oJ
]
:r:
.
~
~
..
E
~ <
;:: a.
~ ~
III
UJ
..J
'"
u
lIllI
I-
UJ
l>J
...
Z
~
o
!!!
~
2
~-
N
'0
"
'"
..J
..
U
In
~ 0
:; w
- I-
~ ~
<l '" a.
_ z::;:
~ ..J~ 8
o ..'"
~ ~~ ~
. ull/ ..J -
~a:u~C1
(f) LtJo:: ~ ~
:::l ~t;0::1-
g ~a:~
<! cfW_X
"- ~~ ~ ~
o g~ ~
~ <8 ==
_ . a.
o l:l (I)
-
...
o
o
;;:
\
2
,
<'oJ
...
...
oil
g
U
II:
...
...
"'~
,
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
\
I
(
\
I
~~-"_.
\
I
I
.I
/,.-
-----','...--.
~ ./
1/'
~
:>.
.....
ll:
~
~
~
~
~
~
II)
.J
<(
r----------r
I,
--------------n
"
"
"
"
'oJ
,
'",
(,
,
Co
'"
I
:J \.
; 'j
~ I
w '
a:
~
w
0:
"
Z
o
u
to
lD
+
en .
1'1 ~
<( ;;-
... .
V> ~
t- W
<t -'
<I
U
Z (Il
'<t
..J
0..
.~-ltJo
,
,'.
r ..~" "
. ,
..
".
."
'-
)i
r!
~ II) .
\
\
S31'1'ea'l'3H 01
'lS H~lijaaOD
:~.
~:' ~
I
T---------,
tt---------- -=---r-t'"t-t-----------=---' II
\l 1 II I II
II I " II
n I I 1 II
I' I II I II
II 1 II I II
~:==============1:~=(=:=====:==:=::=~
II I t I I 11
II I 'I I 11
" I I' I II
Ii I II I
1.1 I II r
I' I I' I
1.1======== === =====:tdd=:t=::= =========== ==
....
~
~
~
~
::>
~
.
'"
,
'"
'"
.--...__._--1
//~/;::::/
/ //..J "
..J
..
;=
"
z
Z
~
a:
..J
w
W
t-
(Il
rXNf:
:~j:;
Gl
~
(Il
9Ul
.l/)~
.~~
'w
-..u
,5
..~
z
o
...
<t
> .
w 0
..J -'
W -;
..
-1-- ~~
(fJ W
W ...J
3: j
J:: Ul
...
=>
o
(fJ
~
E
..i
W
0-
W
W
...
Z
w
..J
<I
U
(Il
:~
..
..
~-
2-
co
~
o
~
~
w
-'
..
u
..
'"
~
..i
W
?=
:I
U
1t
"
:! l!w
a! ~ti
o ~w (!)
LLI Zz w
C)c:lwt-_
u" (fJ (!l
~ ffi~ ~ ~
(fJ il= l= ...
::> ~ U :.:' (fJ
g ~w)(
<( <I ~ l:! ~
\J.. ~o U
o g~ 0
<12 w
>- 'tw
t: Na:
u OJ
z
o
i=
10
Ul
IV::! of
I~ 5 u
-; ~
Ii ~t~
-
~
...
-
N
r-
r-
'"
cj
z
u
a:
W
u.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
EXHIBIT G - PROJECT MAP
Table of Contents
e.I LOCATION AND PRINCIPAL FEATURES .................................................................... 2
e. 2 PROJECT BOUNDARIES .................................................................................................. 2
e. 3 FEDERAL LAND S........ ............................... ........................................................................ 5
e. 4 NON FEDERAL LANDS .......................................................... ............................ .............. 5
e. 5 DRA WIN eS 1 TO 5 ............................................................................................................. 5
G -1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
EXHIBIT e - PROJECT MAP
e.I LOCATION AND PRINCIPAL FEATURES
The Project Map, Drawing G 1, depicts the project boundary of the Augusta Canal Hydropower
Project beginning below the Stevens Creek Dam in Columbia County, Georgia and extending to
13th Street in the City of Augusta. The canal is owned by Augusta as is the Augusta Lock,
Headgates, and Diversion Dam which extends across, the Savannah River and terminates in
Edgefield County, South Carolina.
e. 2 PROJECT BOUNDARIES
Project boundaries for the diversion dam impoundment are shown to be contour 158.5 in
Georgia, lands and elevation 160.0 in South Carolina. The Augusta Canal boundaries cannot be
defined by a specific contour elevation due to the change in elevation across the length of the
Canal. Figure G-l depicts the location of the boundary for a variety of cases along the Augusta
Canal. Generally, the boundary extends to the toe of the Canal berm where the canal berm is
equivalent to a dam (Case sketches 1, 2, 4, and 5 show this type of condition). Case 1 shows the
limit in areas where extensive fill has been placed converting the canal berm structure to solid
ground similar to that shown in Case 3. Case 2, where the canal is an elevated aqueduct, the
boundary are at the toe of the berms. Case 3 shows the limit of the boundary in cases where the
canal is an excavated path through higher ground. Case 4 is a combination of Case 1 and Case 3
and Case 5 is applicable where the canal berm is excessively wide and a 20 ft limit is applied. In
addition to these generalized condition, there are some specific areas where the boundary does
not follow this guidance. In particular, at the RWPS the intake structures must be included since
without it the canal could not function (water would escape) and at the three hydroelectric
G -2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
projects, the works are covered under the individual licensee's boundaries.
18CfR4.51 (h)(2) require the project boundary enclose only those lands necessary for operation
and maintenance of the project and for other project purposes. There are no project purposes that
would necessitate inclusion of the neither shoals nor islands downstream of the dam. The
shoreline of the shoals in South Carolina is private property. License conditions usually address
flow management downstream of projects and are sufficient protection for the shoals.
Recreation and land management are addressed by a separate State of Georgia created entity, the
Augusta Canal Authority. The shoals and islands downstream of the dam are already protected
by a myriad of federal, state and local laws discussed and identified in Exhibit E. Local land use
management already has a GIS based system where mapping contains the Augusta Canal and
adjacent properties, including the Augusta Shoals and islands. Within the GIS system, a land use
classification system already exists.
G -3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
;;ID
(JQ tIl
::r~
:E ....
a"'d
~ a
~g'
~~
00
< 5
(t> 0..
;~
=trl
8..~
" (t>
" :I
OJ 0..
~ ~
, (t>
, ?
(t>
(t>
::l
>-3
o
(t>
o
....,
OJ
(t>
3
P>
::l
0..
;;ID
(JQ tIl
::r~
:E "'"
a"'d
(t> ....
.... 0
~g'
~~
o
C
:I
0..
~
trl
~
(t>
::l
0..
'"
CT
(t>
?
(t>
(t>
:I
>-3
o
(t>
o
....,
OJ
(t>
3
P>
::l
0..
.
I~
~ ~J
=~
kl
\j
ClI("')
) ~
!~
N
"'d
....
..9.
(t>
('")
....
OJ
o
C
::l
0..
~
trl
x
....
(t>
::l
0..
'"
CT
(t>
?
(t>
(t>
:I
....
::r
(t>
>-3
o
(t>
'"
o
....,
trl
P>
('")
::r
kJ
CTI("')
(t> ll>
gU'J
::l ~
o..Ul
:;E-o
~~
(t> .
.... (t>
, ('")
'" ....
trlOJ
0..0
~ 5
g!
ot'r1
'0 x
'8 G'
~. ::l
....0..
(t> '"
OJCT
~?
(t>
(t>
:I
>-3
o
(t>
o
....,
OJ
(t>
a
~
0..
I
N
o
I~
-0
....
..9.
(t>
('")
....
OJ
o
5
0..
~
t'r1
x
....
(t>
::l
0..
'"
CT
?
(t>
(t>
::l
::r::
UQ'
::r
:E
a
(t>
....
~
e;
'"
'"
o
:I
trl
P>
('")
::r
(/)
0.:
(t>
o
....,
"%j
1iQ'
=
.,
~
C"l
I
....
OJ
o
5
0..
~
o
....,
>
c
~
'"
Pi
n
P>
:I
e:.
::r::
'<
Er
o
'0
o
:E
(t>
....
"'d
....
..9.
(t>
('")
,....
<
P>
....
o'
c
'"
n
o
:I
9:
....
o'
::l
'"
o
I
~
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
e. 3 FEDERAL LANDS
There are no Federal lands located within the project boundaries or contiguous to it.
e. 4 NON FEDERAL LANDS
Augusta owns all the lands covered by the project boundary in fee simple.
e. 5 DRA WINeS 1 TO 5
G -5
-------------------
~
~
~
Q
tJ:i
~
~
cs
~
~~
~~
~~
~:::::.
.-.
~
~ ."'6~ml0J
AIKEN coUNTY
EDGEFlELD coUNTY - -
~
~2;
~
f"'1~
;:;0
C~
~~
c:.J
~
~~
z<(
::>1-
o~
()o::
o~
d<(
G:::
t5::
0<(
wo::
~~
QtQ
~~
~~
~~
l::lo
~~
~-..;
~~
~~
....:j .........
...;j :
:;: 0
<~It')
~.
>-.;"'40
ll.:lt""<z
...;j~()
CCl......O::
~~l:::
-.~'--"
-
~
~
~~
~~
~E-.;
O~
Ul:/:l
~~
CQ:
~~
~~
~l:<
.~
(..;
~~
~=
~~
~~
.-.
Ir)
~
~
-..;
Cl:::
=x:
~
~
~
~
~
(..;
~
l::l
~W
~~
~~
S
~~
e
co
....:j ~
~:---.O'l
~~O
E-.;z
~~()
-..;~ffi
~~.!::..
-
<:::>
....
0::
W
o
o
<(
...J
I
CIl
G:
.........
~ W
WW...J
WI-OJ
0::<(<(
()00::
wW
ol-a.
wCIlO
w<(z
0:: :: 0
<(
I-
CIl
::>
00::
::>~
<(<(
~::~
0::::<(
0<(1-
ZO::~
~
E-.;
~
E-o..
~
~~
fJ'.l(..;
~ ~~
ll.:l E-.;......
...;j ~~
S ~
~W \:::Y
~~
~~
~~
-.-.:::::.
.....
::::
....:j
~~
~ ....:j
~ ~
~-re;..
~ ~ ~~
~ \:) ~~
_0_-. :::S-~8~
- --;-- - ~
-f- / ..... '"
I / C\ ....,
'-- ~ ~~
~~
~-J
. .
./~;;;
'..- '.~ ". ". . ~.'..- . ". .. .... . .'.
'" .
,I! :
:'~'40..-r~'
/
_.
,/ ......
.\
. a::: k
::z: ,...
,...0
<(zo
a.<(z
~w3
o~<(
""al~
1\ ~:~"'^ ....
~
~
~
~ ~
~~ ~
~~ =
~~E-o.. :j
~C~ ~
~Cl:::"'-i tJ:i
C~~ ~
~~~ ~w
~
~~
C~
...;j~
e
,,-
-
I
()
o::t::
wO
>
<(~
W<(
0)0
\
,/
,/
A.JJ'ffiOJ aNOJODnI
- - ---
J...LNnOJ VIHKmO:l
;-
("
"'/
)
",.
err
~~
ll.:lE-.;:---.
~~~
~8E-.;
~~~
~~~
~
0,6.-
o~
'10
""0
~-s.:
\0,6.-
-:;.
I
\
,A
,.
\
~
>-0
~~
:::::!o
"Ci::::
Q::~
~l/')
&~
::::>0
q:Q..
,
~
r-;
~
~
~w
c~
~~
~\:)
~~
.....
to....
~
~
~~
....:j~
~~
f.tl~
~:::::.
~
\10 '\llW.,n
~
~
~
~
c
~
c
a
0_
o
I")
a
o
o
I"')
II
.
o]~
. <(
o ()
o CIl
It')
....
a
0_
o
I"')
<oJ
(.)
~
.~
o
....
~
....
~
~
o
Q,
o
....
'0
>.
0::
-
~
=
~
u
~
...
CI.l
='
bI)
='
<:
~
.c
~
. .
...-
I
'-'
'-'
z
3:
<(
0:::
CI
'0
c:
o
()
o
.....
<n
o :J
o 0>
o :J
I <(
o v.....
.... .!: 0
~ N I- .~
.... 0 0
~... 0;.:0:
oo<(NI
I .9:!, 0 '- 0 a;
I"') 0 v ~
0'-c:5.D00
....a...... EZ a.
o <nv~o
():J..... '-
Z. 0:: 0> a. <( '0
.w:Jvo::>'
~lL.<(CIlOI
-------------------
fJ>
/
)
\
t
I
J
I
~
<{
c
C-
o
w
C
.....
>-
0:
<(
o
Z
::::J
o
m
<t
Z
.....::;
<(8
~
>-<(
~:..>
O:r:
z-
::::J::::J
08
m:n
.....Z
z-
w8
::;<0
0_
Z
::::J~
0::>
0..::::-
~2
8
:J
~---------
.....
~
.....
.~
>-
<r
't
c::
~
g
t..J
""
:j
g:
.....1:....1/1 V I 1,'"'.i :.;0...
::::
<(
C
C-
C
u.
o
.....
>-
0:
<(
o
Z
::::J
o
a:
I
\
~
::;
W
I-
<(
I-
Vl
U
Vl
"-
<{
<::J
W
I-
<(
::;
X
o
n-
o.
a..
<(
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
.....
~
~
t
'. /
r......., 1 c
'It,1 '\ 'l I
''::{)A, II ') I
~' C,~~_ { _
:<C '/c~'J \, = _
~{1 We ;<~(~;H)'\I-"--~~Ol-
g~ , if / ',_
'OC I, r.../ '------"" _
~ / ~ ,
....~ / tj
i I
C-
o
W
o
.....::;
>-Cl:
a:w
<(m
0-1
Z<(
::::JZ
0<1:
cow
dJi (.
5N'J
,
.~
'"
'"
o
.....
'"
~
'"
'"
ii
JJ'> ~
- cr
5
g
, U
I cr
Il
"<
<:
o:!
>-
cr
'"
o
"<
is
Ql
~
rfl
-
:. ,. \
~-
--~~
~l"" "~""\.
. "c'
,
)..
Cc
't
':l
<::
::J
a
:tJ
-
'-'
~
:;)
~
y
"
~
Cl
..,
~
Cl
-
~
Cl
...
\j
s
Cl
..,
!:i
~
Cl
i 1'-
I- I
\...,; I:...!
u.... I z"
-; c I :-rr'~i
rei' ,-: .!
eX: ci ,':; "
11.1 ~ :.:., ~ ~
I _ .-1 c ,~
0::, I" :..:~.
uJ! ' ,.1. '"
3; <[~ C~'el- ~ '
015 ./,::::.,
CLixw ,Jz"
rlocr ! i ""',I ','
_' u.... :. - ,
O:::""C- .J'F.! c-
0<:) ~'i.
......:: . I I < I ~ I
:r:1;:>- 1.11.>. '- I
,,,,0: 11I1"':"
_I::::J<I: N' .
,<:)c . Z
~!~~ "~;;
< 0 :>::
(..J: a;: :..:
I..... :::r
<::( u :::;
1-' 1..0..: -
tn' -, ~
~ c '
~ ~ . I
:J !"-- ~+.j
<: !-: :::::
l~. "':;
/' :T
, ,~ ~
: c...-!-
._~
....-
CL
<
::;
>-,
w,
~
::
9
~;
~
.f'
.~,
JI
~
~
--- --
'I
l;
,.,
f.
I
b
~
J
..
,.:,
';>
..
'0
.~
If
...
Z
y
\>
..
~
b
~
'i'
..
'i
)l
m
~~0rJlj
.~
,
;,
\'
..
~
o
ZO
O....J
I=a
<l:z
~<:
...Jw
WI-
1-<:
(j)D
<l:o
w<:
;!:w
::JI
Or--
lIl"l""
to
~
~
to
i.'
"
"
i
~
i
..
J
I
to
'<.
..
a
~
~
d
0::
~
0::
t~
S
>
<I:
Ul
:-
I...
r
..
,.
.. :
. ...
~ : .
~ ::.~ >
.', .
~ .,:
. . If.. . ~.:
, .,
_0'. .
~'4':'~ ~:'::'
,..b':\':'-;'
cf::'}.:f:,
.,'
~ .
.
\
~
...
.."
~\\
\\\
~o;
~
'I
~
~
~
'I
~
~
~
ma
Q2L..e i'1
w
a:
2
o
::J
a::
1"')1-
aU)
z~
Q<:
t-(!)
u
wr--.
U'l-d-
OJ
.-
:::,
a::
I
t-
~
u
<
e-<
gs t
c..'l
::J
<
5'
'i
..
~
i
11
~[
~ ~
!;j ~ "'
"'- I I
;!; ~ '- 2 ~
!oJ ~ ~
~
u ~ ~
<1l
2 "
il )1
II
11-
8_
..
~
~
-I
t-
U
....
-,
<: 0
_ a::
c..:l a..
Q:: ""
o ~
w 0
o 0-
o
. a::
I ~
I
<: --'
I- <:
(/] z
::J ~
c..:l <
::J t-
<: VI
::>
C>
~
:l
a:
VJ
W . Ii:
~ u
F :z
lJ -
::J c' <1
~ ...."
VJ 0 !'1
A. -
I::! 01
<l: 1011
o r-.. ..I
Cl <.:l CI
<l: Z ~
W F vt a:r
I U) Z ~
OX c[
Z~ ~,
<l:
:2 :is
<: -C :::
o :E ....
z s II
o 10/'
fij 2ia
0::: :E i
~ - 2
- ... ~
o ~
I~
:2
<l:
o
Z
o
ii'i
0:::
W
>
o
o
Z
<l:
(j)
::,(
0:::
~
o
<l:
w
I
...J
<l:
Z
<l:
Cl
lL.
o
Z
<l:
...J
n.
...J
<l:
0:::
W
Z
W
o
u
~
~
~
a
~
.i
~
~
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
I
~
~
~
m
'I
\0
w
~
I
.
-
-
..
-
-
~
-
-
-
I
I
L___________
i
d
..
!!
-
~~
~~
{
~
~
~,
:,'
:~~
o
00
o
-
-
w
a::::
~
(.)
:::J
e:
~ Vl'l
...
z W.:.
gt;;:~
G ~ ~
Wl!1a
Vl"
CO
.-
::J
0::
F
-
-
!M
..
Ie
.
8
~
h
i
;
~
H
~
"
w
1>
~
,
..
----"T
wZ~o
~Qgo
~t;;:-J+
0>
=>woo
~d ~ .
(/) <(
t-<I>f-
~~~Vl
<(W<(-l
oi!:g~
lI):J<:<(
I'owu
~VlI
i
~
~
S
d
l;>
~
'f
"
~
"1
"
r
~I
,..J
II
ClID
aM
ell!'JOlll
~tU?!~
I.LJ
~
~
o
z
<(
l[J
"
co
.-
:J
D:::
I
I-
~
i
~
!
~
~
..
..
"
al
I~
<
~
<R
i~
~
~
t
~~
~d
~I
~
~
~
~
i:i
'i'
,...
IJ-P
o
~
IHI
DO@)
@l'J)e
dQIll
Cl:W
wo::
O:i=!
-----a Ll_
] ~~i
~ '<t VJ ~
.. I ~;
Z oct G
00
>=l[J
u"
wco
Vl.-
~
:!:
~
]
.,.
j:-
..
~
,
...
~
~
~I
a
T
~
~
~-
$I
'g
"
.
~
VJ
w
a::::
~
to- (.)
~ :::J
""e:
<( ~(/) ~
C3 Cl:: W I
gs ~ t;;: ~
W ~ <:J-'"
(;l a Cl C.? ;:
0:: <( Z .
. ~ w 1=0
~ :I: I~Z
VI --' Cl [;) t;
:::l ~z <(-...;~
c.:l <( 0
:::l (.J::E g:
<( ~ 4: '
Vl 0 (.)
::::l 0::
<;l Z W
::::l 0 LL
<( -
VJ
a::::
~
2S
::!
N
~
Iii
o
Z
LJ
~
- --
-
-
-
-
-
~
~
..........
~
-
_.-
......
.........
-
~
Iii
II? :
;
?/
l' ,
'\
~
\\\
t.';).',
~~/
3LY1.nI:lJ.Nt
Ol
\
'1.
':">
,>
vA.
Y.:f,
~-
~
~
.i""
~'O
~
CO-,i.
:,;'Ol~ l;;.'~',\'U ."y,')') aOJ' r ~Hj'.J 3jC;
-
I
~t'
r,
, '
"
\'---
>-'
C>-, "'-
'J'-)
~
J
I .
\
,
':I:.
<-
'Z.
'Z.
<-
';>
<-
'"
I
-;-/ ' ,("
/ /,/ / ~
/(/.1
p:. it \
/~) . /) \\\ ~'J' \ \
\1 r~ ~
r{ \ I) ~ 0
) "1\ 'l.
/;\ \) (,~ \\
)~ \\\ \
I 0
iJ"! "0
-\\) -0
;\
( ,
\1
..J
~,
\
"-\\,
.~
~.
\:
\
NOll 'r'<7NI1/vOJ
~ ~~~)
~
\
!:to:!
..
Cr::
"
Q
S
C)
:a
~
, .
~
d
Cr::
Q
"-I
- '~"ni.~~ I
I OJ,
., q 01
~13 J,
I.o.! =-; '_':
oJ I "I C I '~'I
~ i; I~,j : i~'~
W ~ I 1;'1 '2:' ;
=: < I, II.&. or:(' ,..
~ ~~ ! -I ! .,..1 (: I
00"-' I, ll:i. ~
e:: ~u. 1iiI: ~ :: !
o. 'WI::': -:
>- <l. ~ ..
I.->- I I. ~ ,
U')Cl: N'Z ,
::J<( : <
--l <:,0 I, r~:::E C:'!
<l: ::JS I' :::: :~"
Z <to I ;:.) "I
1- -<( (I) ::s;,
",-- U , :l!-1
-:::- U I N
-~- <l: '" I I I,::"
~ f--.., I I ~
(/1 ::>, Il~_,
::J ~ I~ :~
(') - ~ --:", ~
-, I ~"p.
~ I ,--i
I ;, ~I~!
~(j 335
AJ.NnO::J GNOWH:JHI
- - - - -- -.-
AJ.N nO:J Y1S ifJ? 10:)
:h
y
....
!:i
:t
Q
"'
~
E
~
~
:l:
Cl
...
~
Cl
.....
!,:i
It
Q
0..
<:
::E
>-
w
:::<::
~
1;
t1
~lJ
1j
~ I '
yV ~r I
:I
"
I
f
f:
J
i
r ..-
r
I
I,
~.r",.:.._,..,
1',
~~
"
i~
I
II
.
j
J
J
I
I
I
j
~
i
I'
I
I
,
-",:,
\\
\
,
~ I'
~
z
~
::r.
I
/
!
l
~1",
~
l'
6
11 :L:'llJ1~"ro!lUl"!iJlIr~~~fw;'tJL ;',
_'_-1-
-
J 'JR CO/, WILlA nor
--,
........~
--..,
()
(J
(
'-, ,.IW',', "1,"""":""1'":"
iiI'T III
DWG
...
i
-'~{ :.::'1l~Ijt:1':Ll.,.,
-"-
G'
" I'~
, L.__,
"~",.,"~",'.,'~',',"
-,... "
~\
, i 1\
~'" ,'~-)
'\\ '- ..
l ',' !,~ (;
) ,~\
yljj/ J
II ,,/1
~v '." /i
'~~ , i/
~_' II
, II
II
,_=..;J
I'
,I
!v', " ^
I f! .' ,
- - J .;::::::- ~ \
,'I"i' .' "~R!l':t"
.'-
/
'U
C1)
[,)
;;,
C)
--;
OJ
a
~
::.
=tl
--(
--,
'"
~
'-
~
~
f'
, ,
.;
SEE DWG
I'"
-
~
,."
'",
:::::
'-,
'1)
=tl
a
1-.;
C)
--;
OJ
~
~
::.
:l)
--(
-
-
\
,\\
I
~
-- -:-::::,'
. '.: --<S~" \'.
~'" "'--.:,
,..:.' '':-.r '
~. . J" .', 'iry
, , , ItCr"t
\'
f~lO
", -'
~ ~
~I~ P
~I~ C
III'- "0 C')
~l :;0 c
I l'; 0 U1
/: <-
I ~ ~ 8);
~"7 -i
I" g I CD ~
. :3 ~ i g)> z
I::: :::N'I z?;)>
'> Oc r
c '7 1:>-
~ ~I'" ~~ I
, .-.". J>-<.
:= ;; :r:-' I C
1:..= 7' ,'' "Tl~:AJ
I " 'L I ''''0 0
I ~. :0;0 -c
, 0 ,>,~ - (}g 0
~ ~ I" 7 Z l> ~
1;:;:,-";-0"""
I',~?: -j' ~I~ '-II ~ i
~ ~:r: 9 0
(::0 :.., v 0 '-
'l::- <0,....,
-- . 0
In Z -j
, . 0' c-:
.;>.
-
-
to
~
...
~
to
~
to
,~
I;"
~___J
~~
... -
-
~
J
"l
"If~ '
, ~I
..', ::~~~!l~m!JUP'R" ..~..~I!IFm::!!!l~I~']'~I'IL ..
. . h
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
i
i
I
.
ili
~1!
'11
.,11:;
'Iffi
!
!
i
i
I
I
.
I
I
.
<6
\ "
"
"
-'
'-1""~'
T
~L\
~ '
"f>
,
/)
"
/"
o
~
\ /'
,,\ "
I' \. V
i ~",,"~
(\, /,
\ 1""
, ,
~"'~..\..'.""
"...., ....,
:; ,
V1
">
<.
">
'7..
-z.
">
";l:.
SEE OMG, 4 FOR CONTINUA nON
=
,
~
'i
:
\
~
~
....
0)
~
:..
:0
-<
......
....
=d
'-
\ .
._ C-~;.;<
" -,'" ---" ~-'_.-
------~ "\
\
\\. (r"--::':~-::
C\\'." \~. I'
J ..)\',\ ' Y J\\
/. ,," ~ / . \ .",.,
. /'. '1)' ':" .. ~i -.' \ "
5 /;;:?/":/ )L,\:c___--~ \{~J
,o~.(; ..\.'0 _....;!l).J!~.:::;--~
.~t)6, ,"~\~ :;;;:-<::! I
';J,),/~r7j) "
~,-- ;,;//:J.\\\ 'l~' ' I '
,.,'C~-:/('\...\ 3r-. III ;:
. /. ~\( ~/ ,:1 ".",,-/) "
/.,/.# 1'='\\ \. /~~. /r'" ..r0
~ v' '" ,/ )." . . ~ I
, \"' v . r"" ."',,,,/ -f" I
:\ ~r --;" c\\. ":; ...
\.\~ " ,) .','. /.
\ .-"C .,\J //"
.-' " -' ...~' '
~. .. {~:\ }\..J4',\ ,// I ,(,_~f
,.. \ -~/ \' \ '
]' ,/'\.// '~ .'
j.~7// '\'
~. " .' f>'" '. /..\ ,,' ./.' L..-:./'
T.' .. :;.0' . \:(. (----. /
~;< .' ,",\ ",,\.,::/.. 'i\
,/ / .,.\ ,., \ ,\. "
~..,. '. ."J ')\)' \ '.e-- ~,
'/. . ., ..' ' I'
, . ._".. /;::::. , ' 1 ,.
-;/''' " '.
r '1. ." ,'.\ '-"
1 " . .., "
'}L' (' t1/ '; - ": ,. ' \ . \ ~ i
I I""" ~ \ .j LI I
~ Ai 19", . i ~~" . \'\~~.
/c':' ,[,., : \. \, ",,!.
,<' I ' , ,..," ",...,.
__ . _.. - ____ I' '\ ", .... \,
- c. _ j' - ", ' \ .\..~.' .
;..' ' \ ..
. \
~',-:~: !/j~' .:.~~
~ ___...---..-......__c, ,'-::,>....../~;..,/ <~<)~. /'"
- -'."I:,i';:';:.~ ,~<.:/ . ,,' .
';1 ",.\...c,,-..;-_~r--'i\ .\'- " ;..'
'll ,\ \",," .' ... t"^',-<''. .
v \ ,., \\ .. --.,:"'! '/ ' Y'.
~ '~ ~...-:, . /\\ '
r> - r . J; '\ ....-._~........ . .\ . '" '.
.... .../:f~.'\' ".,','.
ClJ ,., '\' '.
0'" ' . "
c; . .,\.t ,.~,,'
i5 .. .\"<<
h >> '\' :, ,-' :".
'll .~ \. /'.' . .' ..',.,,'''' \.
'<:1 ,,' ,>/.~;.<.' '-:". '
\ ',;P'-;.'- <- \
I
J
,'I
~.
J
II
1;
'.\
'\
'\
,\
,\
~.
>~~~
\
\'
\
'.
t>
~
~
"
)>
C
'U 0
:u C
~ V>
M -l
~ )>
ID 10
o )>
c~ Z
zC
0"'1)>
~5ilr
-(-< I
.... -<
I", 0
..,..." ;;0
MOO
~:ll 'U
90
6~ ~
.. ;;0
0> 'U
- ;0
9 0
8 '-
",
o
-l
t>
~
...
~
t>
~
,
/
t>
~
..
l:t.!~".
I}!~
~
;~ ~~~
l~
1-, ~
~ it:'
- '::.::
, l;c
': I ~ I ~
. 3:~N
-, >
l-;;;i :z .
! ~!""'I'I
'", l~'
2!~ r
::-5 j ~n i
Ie > I""l'
(~ ~ r'
..t (1'
~ r:;i
1'5 8 ~\
',? "'U"".
',' 0"
~I '50'.
ec .
s~ ~ '.
(}l
..
.J,
t>
~
...
1
~'L-,... - 1
~ (
-I (\1 I
. \ ~\, I
'--\ \~'J >
~(JA. \
\ \,\IJ
,
'1;."
7'
\)1
I
/,
/
J(
I \
^
",
-<
~
)>
'U
!
"
III
II
I
"
II
I~
.~
':';L'."I,'lllmmr'l![I'".""I'" _. ...... ~., , "')' ".,,,' tH"'.'''.I''I' ~.'!i"';f"'"''''''''' _
.. 'I' '''1''1 _'I :~'! _' iiiIIi '
\~
;/
_."--.-'-~
$
-
~L':""L
/
1
l
I
r.. ).'.--
, ---;t-
',1
D
~C:>
~~
t
.t
o
. <\
, -
. .
-5fJ-
/
~l
V
\
\
~
~
~
\
\ "
"':--:
-'I
.,
'fT'''li
~,,-, - or
rOR CON TlNU4 To'ON
-"'J!;;.' 7'"
-
4
-~,~
''-= ~
\
\',
f/(
II \
l; ) \
/; / ,
fC--,
/';. . ' <::;.:.~
,( (,.....c,> ~
~:..-"'" .,
'..;:;..:-....:.:
--?'~
'<'
r:'1::J!l;;1'l"""
-
-
:g
p
'"
c-;
-.
tlJ
C>
r-
;;:
C>
h
'U
-.;
,
i
I
-
~
"
~
...
6
-
i t1
~
-'~":l
\~\\
~p(
\ ,~\
, L.
\ ?-t..,
\ \~
{).\
~
\"['\\. .!
\ '
\ \ .
\ ~"/
'0
~
....
- 'L )>
~.I::: "U ~
~ AI C
~ . I f: ~
' . fT1
N I () )>
'. ~ I.... (")
'::::: CO)>
'~~ gl> Z
(= ::::~.I ZC)>
-_ ~ :.~, ~g r
,; - .1'11 AI~ I
-4 "'1"'1' I -<:J> d
. ~ .
;" < I I'
Z ~.F1"'l~::U
. 0 :n, II ~5:l ~
u .
::; ~ I~ ,- 'I :~ ~
. 0 'I c 0 rTJ
.- ': r I; ~ j __ ^'
:::. tT)i..., _; _ ,..,
, 0 I I ex> u
~,,~ I-::u
'i' 0," ! 9 0
~ b ~~~, ! 8 ~
i~ Z ~
n
CJJ
-
o
>:!
~
f
o
~
..
-
- ~.
^
rTJ
--<
3:
)>
"'0
~
;.,
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
Appendices 13 and 14
(FERC Project No. 11810)
Volume 2 of 2
Applicant:
Augusta, Georgia
Revised June 20, 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
APPENDICES BOUND SEPARATELY AND FILED WITH ORIGINAL
APPLICATION JANUARY 2003:
APPENDIX D.l
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX E.2
APPENDIX E.3
APPENDIX EA
APPENDIX E.6
APPENDIX S-1
APPENDIX S-2
APPENDIX S-3
APPENDIX S-4
APPENDIX S-5
APPENDIX S-6
APPENDIX S-7
APPENDIX S-8
T
APPENDIX S~9
APPENDIX S~JO
.1
APPENDIX S~11
r
I
APPENDIX S~12
Warranty Deed
Stage I Consultation Documentation
Consultation Water Use And Quality
Consultation Fish, Wildlife And Botanical Resources
Consultation On Historical And Archaeological Resources
Flood Plain
Resource Shldy Report: Water Use and Quality
Resource Study Report: Fisheries
Resource Study Report: Wildlife and Botany
Resource Study Report: Rare and Protected Species
Fish Passage and Protection Plan
Resource Study Report: Savannah River Instream Flow Study
Appendix A (Savam1ah River Instream Flow Study)
A Survey of Adult Fish and Ichthyoplankton of the Savannah
River and Augusta Canal
Cultural Resources Survey
Resource Study Report: Recreation, Land Management and
Aesthetics
Engineering Report
Operations Plan (dated Octo'b~r 2002)
I
I
I
I
'I
-I
I
'I
"I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
APPENDICES BOUND SEP ARA TEL Y AND FILED 'WITH REVISED
APPLICATION JUNE 2003:
APPENDIX 8-12
Revised Operations Plan (dated June 2003)
APPENDIX S-13
Agency Comments and Responses
APPENDIX 8-14
Technical Memoranda
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1
,I
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Wildlife Resources Division
2070 U.S. Highway 278, S.E., Social Circle, Georgia 30025
(770) 918-6400
Lonice C. Barrett, Commissioner
David Waller, Director
January 27,2003
Note: This document contains comments from the Georgia Department of Natural
Resources regarding the Draft Application for a New License for the Augusta Canal
Hydropower Project. Augusta's responses to these comments are inserted below in bold
font.
The agencies provided some comments regarding specific content of the ACHP resource
reports. Multiple copies of final versions of the resource reports have already been
distributed to the agencies and other parties. Rather than edit and re-distribute the
resource reports, which could lead to some confusion regarding the different versions,
Augusta has provided responses to the comments below.
Mr. Jorge Jimenez
Project Liaison
ZEL Engineers, Inc.
435 Telfair Street
Augusta, GA 30901
Dear Mr. Jimenez:
We appreciate the opportunity to review and provide comments on the Augusta Canal
Hydropower Project Draft Application for License FERC No. 11810. The Draft Application for
License references nine resource and technical reports. The Georgia Department of Natural
Resources' (GADNR) conunents focus on in stream flow in the Augusta shoals, recreational access
to the shoals and Augusta Canal, upstream and downstream fish passage, and fish entrainment and
mortality.
The GADNR staff have met with the applicant, canal users, and other resource agencies on
several occasions prior to and since the Draft Application for License was submitted on November
1, 2002, with the iIli:tent of collaborating with the applicant and coordinating state and federal
resource agency confments. The attached comments detail the GADNR's concemsand questions
regarding the Draft ~pplication for License.
Thank you a~ain for this opportunity to participate in the FERC licensing process. If you
have any questions regarding our comments, please contact Ed Bettross at 706- 721-7409.
Sincerely,
David Waller
1
I Lonice C. Barrett, Commissioner
David Waller, Director
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
'I
I
I
I
I
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Wil~Resources Division
2070 U.S. Highway 278, S.E., Social Circle, Georgia 30025
(770) 918-6400
DW:pw
Attachment
cc: Chuck Coomer
Val Nash
Prescott Brownell
Amanda Hill
Monte Terhaar
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I'
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Wildlife Resources Division
Comments on Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
Draft Application for FERC License No. 11810
Flow in the Au~usta Shoals (Bv-Pass Section of the Savannah River)
The Augusta shoals are the last remaining extensive, rocky shoals in the Savannah
basin. These shoals, home to the endangered rocky shoals spider lily and imperiled
robust red horse, are unique and ecologically significant habitat in the Southeastern
United States. Robust redhorse sampled in 1998, 1999, and 2000 were in spawning
condition in widely dispersed areas in the Augusta shoals. The striped bass population
in the Savannah River has declined drastically due to habitat alterations. The Georgia
Wildlife Resources Division (WRD) is committed to restoring a self-sustaining striped
bass population. The shoals provide a vital habitat component, thermal refuge, for
striped bass. Anadromous American and hickory shad utilize the shoals for spawning
and rearing. Additionally, the shoals are inhabited daily by numerous native fish
species, some of which are dependent on the shoals unique habitat. The endangered
shortnose sturgeon migrates to the base of the New Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam
(NSBLD), the only dam downstream of the Augusta shoals. The Corps of Engineers
(CaE), owners of the NSBLD, are developing plans for a fishway at the facility and
have requested funding for design and construction. A relatively substantial shortnose
sturgeon population at the NSBLD is expected to utilize the fishway and inhabit the
extensive gravel habitat available in the shoals for spawning. Maintaining sufficient flow
for the protection and enhancement of these aquatic species in the Augusta shoals is of
primary concern to the WRD.
The Savannah River Instream Flow Study (SRIFS) for the by-passed Augusta
shoals was conducted in consultation with the WRD and other resource agencies. The
task of conducting an instream flow study in the wide, rocky river was an arduous one.
Entrix Inc., consultant for Augusta, is commended for their effort in the field. The
SRIFS report is thorough, well written, and generally reflective of the consultation
process with the resource agencies.
United States Geological Survey (USGS) gauge # 02196484 records gage height
and estimates flow over the Augusta Diversion Dam (ADD) and into the Augusta
shoals. Flow data from this gauge was utilized in the SRIFS, referenced in the SRIFS
report, Operation f1lan, Draft Application, Initial Consultation Package, and generally
throughout the licemsing process. In fall 2001 and summer 2002 WRD staff
photographed flowbver the ADD and compared them to real time estimates of flow
over the ADD (App~ndix A). In each comparison, flow over the ADD is less than the
real time estimate.tAccording to Jorge Jimenez of ZEL Engineers, consultant for
Augusta, real time flow estimates based on USGS gauge # 02196484 were as much as
three to four fold high. On August 23, 2002 WRD informed Augusta, King Mill (FERC
No. 9988), Sibley Mill (FERC No. 5044), Enterprise Mill (FERC No. 2935), and FERC of
our concern regarding utilization of flow data from USGS gauge # 02196484 in
comments on the Draft Scoping Document for a Combined Environmental Analysis of
3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Sibley and Enterprise Mills. On October 17, 2002 the photographs in Appendix A were
shown to Augusta, their consultants, and other resource agencies. A copy of the slide
show was e-mailed to Entrix Inc. on October 24,2002. In light of the inaccurate flow
data, we had concerns related to the development of weighted useable area (WUA)
versus flow data and flow duration curves. Entrix Inc. reviewed their study methodology
and development of WUA data at an October 17, 2002 meeting. Flow duration curves,
based solely on USGS gauge # 02196484, are considered by WRD as unacceptable.
Augusta is currently attempting to develop flow duration curves using the downstream
Butler Creek USGS gauge # 0219700. We have recommended at multiple meetings
that flow duration curves be developed for the time period commencing in 1953. The
upstream COE Clarks Hill Dam, constructed in the early 1950's and filled by late 1952,
significantly controls water flow in the Augusta shoals and canal. For that reason, the
best historical flow data to consider commences in 1953. Reservoir filling periods for
lakes Hartwell and Russell should be excluded from the analysis.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data
from USGS gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response
document. The summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28,
2003, and titled "Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
The flow duration curves are a vital component to developing an impact analysis.
Flow duration curves and impact analysis will likely be relied upon heavily in the
development of a flow management plan for the project, particularly during low and
drought flow conditions. The Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD) will
depend upon this analysis in their Section 401 Certification decision making process.
EPD, WRD, and the other resource agencies look forward to reviewing such data and
information when it is available, and coordinating with Augusta on a balanced flow
regime.
WRD offers the following comments and questions on the Draft Application for
License and supporting studies as they relate to flow in the Augusta shoals.
Draft Application for License
· Pages A-16~nd A-17 state electricity produced at Sibley and King mills are used
for the operation of the mills. Enterprise Mill, on the other hand, used power
produced an~ sells surplus to Georgia Power Company. Do Sibley and King
Mills generate below 100% capacity, or do they also sell surplus to Georgia
Power ComR'any? The report does not clearly state how the mills utilize water.
WRD reques,ts more information on canal operations, including percentage of
time each mill operates and at what average capacity. The combined needs of
the Augusta 'Raw Water Pumping Station (RWPS) and the three mills are
responsible for diverting a significant flow away from the Augusta shoals. An
analysis of water needs should consider this cumulative impact on the Augusta
shoals.
Response: Augusta does not have information available that defines when the
4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
mills operate and to what extent. The Augusta Canal Water Needs Technical
Memorandum presented the manner that water needs are estimated for the
future. The memorandum has been included in the Operations Plan.
· Page B-3 and several other pages reference USGS gauge # 0219684. Flow
data from the USGS gauge # 02196484 is considered by WRD and Augusta to
be highly inaccurate (correspondence at meetings on October 17, November 18,
and December 17, 2002) and should not be used to describe flow in the project
area.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data
from USGS gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response
document. The summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28,
2003, and titled "Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
Exhibit B has been revised to include the flow duration curves based on the
adjusted flow record.
· Page B-5 states flow records from USGS gauge numbers 02196484, 02196485,
and 02197000 for the period of record from the water years 1987 to 2000 should
be used as best indicators of existing and future flow rates at the ADD. The
gauge # 02196484 is the faulty gauge at ADD and should not be considered for
the flow record. The gauge # 02197000 at Butler Creek dates back prior to the
construction of Clarks Hill Dam in the early 1950's. Clarks Hill Dam, as stated
numerous times in this Draft Application, has a significant impact on flow in the
project area. The Butler Creek gauge is the only gauge providing flow data for a
time period exceeding 15 years. The 1987 to 2000 time period, containing five
years of drought, skews analysis of flow data. We recommend the USGS gauge
# 02197000 be used for the time period 1953 to 2000, excluding Hartwell and
Russell lake filling periods. In addition, the USGS gauge # 02196500 provides
reliable flow data for the Augusta Canal from 1989 to 1992, and should also be
used as an indicator of flow conditions in the project area.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from
USGS gauge #0~196484 is appended to the end of this comment response
document. The summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28,
2003, and titled "d~velopment of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
Exhibit B has bden revised to include the flow duration curves based on the
adjusted flow recqrd.
· Page E-15 s.~ates Augusta should be able to monitor flows diverted into the
Augusta Canal with certainty and accountability. The WRD recommends USGS
gauges in th~ Augusta Canal (02196485 and 02196500) be upgraded to provide
real time data. The canal gauges cannot be used to monitor flow for the project
unless data is available on a real time basis. However, the most enforceable
way to monitor flow for the project is in the shoals. Augusta has taken steps
toward a functional gauge for the shoals. WRD encourages and recommends
Augusta's continued coordination with USGS on the establishment of a reliable
5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
gauge for the Augusta shoals.
Response: Augusta understands that the USACE is in the process of installing new
gauging equipment in the Augusta Canal (USACE 2003a). Augusta proposes use of
this gauge for flow monitoring of Augusta Canal flows needed to document
compliance with its proposed flow management plan. The USACE indicated their
intention to provide the Augusta Canal flow data in real time on their website at
some point in 2003.
The USACE also indicated they are in the process of installing a new gauge and
developing a new rating curve that would estimate flow in the Augusta Shoals. The
USACE also intends to provide the Augusta Shoals flow data in real time on their
website at some point in 2003. Augusta believes that together, these gauges would
provide adequate flow gauging. Augusta's compliance method is based on
controlling and documenting the flow diverted into the canal.
Fisheries Resources Report
· Page 2-9 states brown trout are in the Savannah River. Brown trout were
stocked in the Augusta Canal and shoals in 1997. The trout did not contribute
significantly to the fishery. There is no evidence of trout in the canal or shoals
since November 1997. The statement pertaining to brown trout in the Savannah
River should be deleted.
Response: Augusta acknowledges the likelihood that brown trout are not
currently a significant part of the fisheries community of the Augusta Shoals.
· Pages 2-11, 2-18, 3-1, and 3-7 state shortnose sturgeon are not known to occur
immediately downstream of the NSBLD. However, recent sampling efforts by
South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (Chris Thomason, personal
communication) and Clemson University (Jeff Isely, personal communication) in
2002 documented the presence of shortnose sturgeon at the base of the
NSBLD. The statement regarding the shortnose sturgeon immediately
downstream of the NSBLD should be changed to reflect the current known
distribution.
,
Response: Augus:taacknowledges that shortnose sturgeon are known to occur
immediately down~tr~al')'Jof NSBL&D. The Rare and Protected Species Resource
Report, which w~~lpubIJ$hed after the Fisheries report, reflected the new
information that s~o'rtn()se sturgeon were know to occur immediately
downstream of NeW Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam.
· Page 2-13 states American shad pass the NSBLD from March to June. For
clarification, American shad begin arriving at the NSBLD in February and would
pass the NSBLD if the opportunity existed. The proposed fishway for the
NSBLD should allow passive migration on a daily basis.
6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Response: The timeframe for passage of American shad (March through
June) was provided by Dr. Jeff Isely of Clemson University, who is actively
involved with research of American shad at NSBL&D. Augusta acknowledges
that some American shad may arrive at NSBL&D in February. Regardless,
Augusta has considered that the closely related hickory shad arrives at
NSBL&D in January and February.
· Page 2-16 and 2-17 state the harvest moratorium on striped bass in the
Savannah River is from the ADD to the Intracoastal Waterway. For clarification,
the upstream limit of the moratorium is the NSBLD on the Georgia side.
Response: Clarification noted.
· Page 3-7 (and page 2-18 of Rare and Protected Species Report) state the
reduced flows in the Augusta shoals likely have little or no effect on aquatic
biota occurring there in most months, but could have increased effects during
low flow conditions that may occur in summer or fall. The report provides no
justification for this statement. In fact, low flow conditions do occur in all
seasons (based on Stevens Creek Electric and Gas and Augusta Canal
discharge data). The referenced statement should be supported with
documentation or deleted from the report.
Response: Augusta concurs that low flow conditions may occur in any season.
· Page 3-7 states recommendations regarding enhancement of flows in the
shoals will be included in the SRIFS report. However, the SRIFS report
provides no such recommendations. The referenced statement should be
deleted from the Fisheries Resources Report or the SRIFS report should
provide recommendations.
Response: Augusta acknowledges that at the SRIFS did not include flow
recommendations[. This was at the request of the resource agencies. Augusta's
proposal regardin~ instream flows is included in the revised License Application.
· Page 3-8sta.tes potential impacts to robust redhorse due to altered flows in the
Augusta s~q"f3flIS~,ill,b,e, .dired,IY (sp:aw, nin~ habitat and incubation) and indirectly
(adult and JulVenlle habitats) consIdered In the SRIFS. Yet the SRIFS report
does not ad~Jess'adultandjUvenile habitats, and such statement should be
deleted fOl'm~JheFisheries ResourSfJsReportor the SRIFS report should
address the~-e~obt..Jl5t redhorse life sta.ges. Robust red horse adult habitat
suitability criteria were developed for the Oconee River Instream Flow Study,
and should be considered for the SRIFS. Page 4-8 of the SRIFS report states
Entrix Inc. held a meeting in 2001 with some of the resource agencies and
researchers actively involved with study of the species. WRD, unaware of the
meeting, did not attend the meeting and is uncertain of discussions that took
7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
place. WRD requests minutes or any other written documentation of this
meeting(s).
Response: Two species (striped jumprock-adult and young of the year and
silver redhorse-adult) included in the modeling and SRIFS report occur in the
same genus (Moxostoma) as robust red horse and are of some use as
surrogates for robust redhorse. These results give some indirect measure
regarding habitat to flow relationships for robust redhorse adults and
juveniles.
The referenced meeting took place at the American Fisheries Society (AFS)
meeting in Jacksonville, Florida. The participants included Dr. Mary Freeman
(USGS-BRD, expert regarding robust redhorse), Dr. Bud Freeman (University
of Georgia, expert regarding robust red horse), Steve Gilbert (USFWS), Gerrit
Jobsis (at that time with SCDNR), and Prescott Brownell (NMFS). The
discussion focused on use of available data (such as EA 1994 and Freeman
and Freeman 2001) to develop habitat suitability criteria for spawning robust
redhorse. Agreement was reached among the participants and the results are
fully described in Section 4.5.1 and Figure 4-1 of the SRIFS report.
Savannah River Instream Flow Study
· Page 2-6 states flow conditions from 1989 through 2001 most closely represent
the existing flow conditions in the Augusta shoals, and those most likely to
occur over the next decade. It should be noted the referenced flow conditions
from 1989 through 2001 are based on the inaccurate USGS gauge #
02196484. Furthermore, WRD contends recent flow conditions in the shoals
(Appendix A) are not protective of aquatic resources. The USGS gauge #
02196484, referenced numerous times in the text, tables, and graphs of the
SRIFS report is not descriptive of flow conditions in the project area and should
not be used for that purpose.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from
USGS gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response
document. The s~mmary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28,
2003, and titled "Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
· Figure 4-1 .frovides habitatsuitabil,ity criteria for spe~ie~ and life stages
evaluatedl~ the SRIFS. The substrate and cover criteria codes are not
identified inithe figure. WRD requests a legend be included in Figure 4-1 for
the substrate and cover codes.
Response: The codes for substrate and cover were included in Exhibit H of
the SRIFS Final Plan of Study (EDAW 1997). They are as follows:
8
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Code Classification Description
Substrate
0 Organic Organic Debris/Detritus
1 Fines <2mm
2 Small Gravel 2-16 mm
3 Large Gravel 16-64 mm
4 Small Cobble 64-128 mm
5 Large Cobble 128-256 mm
6 Small Boulder 126-1,000 mm
7 Large Boulder > 1,000 mm
8 Plain Bedrock Surface irregularities <150 mm
9 Irregular Bedrock Surface irregularities >150 mm
Cover
0 No cover Open water
1 Boulders Rocks> 256 mm
2 Ledges Rocks> 256 mm
3 Undercut Streambank undercut >256 mm
4 Overhang Objects suspended within 91
mm
5 Log Log (> 150 mm dia.) on bottom
6 Log complex/Root Aggregates of logs/root
wad systems
7 Attached vegetation Aquatic vegetation attached to
rocks
8 Rooted Vegetation Aquatic vegetation rooted in
substrate
. Page 6-2 states Savannah River striped bass spawn in estuarine habitat.
However, striped bass have been documented to spawn in the Augusta area
and large striped bass have been arriving at the NSBLD during the pre-
spawning season, and some remain in the vicinity of the shoals and NSBLD
despite cool enough water temperatures downstream. Striped bass are utilizing
the Augusta area for spawning, a thermal refuge, and feeding.
Response: Augusita concurs that some striped bass spawning may occur in the
Augusta area, butlfresear;ch (Wallin and Van Den Avyle 1995) has indicated that
almost all spawning occurs near the estuary. Striped bass spawning was modeled
;;.:::,
in the SRIFS (see ff;igure 5:'5), which addresses part of GDNR's concern. Augusta
also agrees that ttfe Augusta areCi provides important feeding areas and thermal
refuge for striped bass as described on page 2-16 of the Fisheries Resource Report.
. Page 6-2 states the goal of the upstream fish passage evaluation was to
determine the approximate range of low flows that will support upstream
9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
movement of migratory anadromous fishes through the Augusta shoals. The
words "range of low" should be omitted from the statement because we are
targeting a flow that will meet the goal of fish movement. Also, the intent of the
goal is downstream as well as upstream movement. In other words, fish need
to move about or pass through the shoals in either direction.
Response: Augusta contends that fish passage occurs over a wide flow range.
At lower flows, passage may become more difficult, especially for certain
species. At some low flows, passage may cease.
Augusta has characterized the flows at which fish passage is unconstrained,
flows at which larger species may pass with some difficulty, and flows at which
smaller species may pass with some difficulty. There is no single minimum
passage flow for the Augusta Shoals and its fish species.
Successful fish passage is not represented by one exact level of flow. There is a
wide range of flows over which fish passage can occur, and Augusta has fully
characterized that range.
· Page 8-9 states flow in the Augusta shoals never dropped below 1000 cfs
during the 1999-2001 drought years. This statement is based on data from the
inaccurate USGS gauge # 02196484. Documentation provided by WRD
(Appendix A) and confirmed by Augusta indicates flows well below 1000 cfs.
Data analysis and discussion in Section 8.0 of the SRIFS Report relies heavily
on USGS gauge # 02196484. Augusta is currently developing an alternate
means of quantifying flow in the shoals. Augusta would like to use such data to
develop flow frequency data and impact analysis. WRD will review flow
frequency data and rationale upon availability. We look forward to resolving
this information and data need through coordination with Augusta and the other
resource agencies. These data and information gaps are a vital component of
the SRIFS, and should be key in making decisions that will balance water
needs of the shoals and canal.
Response: A cQmbrehen!sive summary of the issues r~lating to use of flow data
from USGS gauge]!W02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response
document. The s4mmary Js c()ntained in the technical memorandum dated May
28, 2003, and titled "Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah
River" .
i
· Pages 8-9 tb 8-11 provide rationale for the 1989-2001 flow time series in the
analysis of the Augusta shoals. This time series and data set is based on the
faulty USG$ gauge # 02196484. The 1.989-2001 time series should not be
used due to the inaccurate data provided by the gauge. Section 8 of the SRIFS
needs to be redone with more accurate data. WRD, the other resource
agencies, and Augusta are working cooperatively on developing such a time
series. Our recommendation, previously expressed at coordination meetings
with Augusta, is to review the Butler Creek gauge data for analysis. Other
10
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
options may need to be explored.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data
from USGS gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response
document. The summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May
28, 2003, and titled "Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah
River" .
Operation Plan
· Page OP-13 references USGS gauge # 02196484 for record and report
keeping. Current or future flow data from this gauge should not be used in the
licensing process. WRD would consider use of the data should the USGS
provide valid corrections to the gauge. Furthermore, the gauge has not been in
use since October 1, 2002 due to lack of funding by the COE. As stated
previously, a gauge for the Augusta shoals is the most enforceable means to
monitor the project and, we recommend Augusta continue on this course of
action.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data
from USGS gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response
document. The summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May
28, 2003, and titled "Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah
River". Augusta's compliance method is based on controlling and documenting
the flow diverted into the canal.
· Page OP-24 states the Pavilion Park Canoe Launch and Long Gate Spillway
Kayak Run each have a water capacity of 50 cfs each. Page OP-25, Table 4.2
states the same water needs as 100 cfs each. WRD requests clarification on
these recreational flows.
Response: The text has been corrected. The Long Spill Way, as an existing
channel would have flows estimated at 100 cfs. The Pavilion run, not existing,
can be made not as wide and thus it is estimated 50 cfs should suffice. The flows
are based on estimates of channel width, depth and velocities.
· Pages OP"i28, 29, 30, 33, 34, and 35 state the intended use of COE daily
declaration flow rates is to coordinate a flow management plan for the Augusta
Canal Hyd'fopower Project. WRD recommends use of Southeastern Power
Administra:~ion (SEPA) daily declarations for J. Strom Thurmond Dam over
COE dailypeclarations forJ. Strom Thurmond Dam because SEPA
declaratiOrir$ change daily with power needs whereas the COE declarations
simply average the SEPA declarations over a weekly period. The COE has
stated they can make SEPA declarations accessible on their website (Stan
Simpson, personal communication). Additionally, it may be necessary to
develop a regression to account for changes in flow rates at ADD due to the
operation of Stevens Creek Electric and Gas. We would like the opportunity to
11
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
review such data when it is available.
Response: Augusta will utilize daily declarations from SEPA adjusted to account
for inflows from the intervening drainage area between Thurmond Dam and the
ADD. The method for adjusting the SEPA declaration is described in the
Operations Plan. Please see the revised Canal Operations Plan (Appendix S-12)
and the revised License Application for more detail..
· Page OP-30 states low-flow protective threshold rates have been established
for each biological season and are reflective of drought conditions. WRD is
unaware of any specified low-flow protective threshold rates. We request
clarification on this matter and knowledge of any protective threshold rates put
forth by Augusta.
Response: Augusta has clarified its flow management plan, which includes flow
thresholds for the Augusta Shoals in its revised License Application.
· Page OP-34 the acronym DEC is undefined.
Response: Corrected, should read "declaration"
· Page OP-35 the acronym SCADA is undefined.
Response: Corrected, should read "System Control And Data Acquisition
(SCADA).
A Recommended Flow Regime for the Augusta Shoals
The SRIFS report documents flow habitat relationships for fish and recreation, and is
a valuable tool for examining flow needs in the Augusta shoals. Species and life stages
were selected to represent four habitat guilds and targeted species. Resident native
fish species are evaluated using the deep/fast guild, shallow/fast guild, deep/slow guild,
and shallow/slow guild. The robust redhorse spawn is included in the deep/fast guild.
Other target species are American shad (larval/juvenile, outmigration, and
spawning/egg incubation) and striped bass (incubation/drift). Flow relationships for fish
passage or movement within the shoals and downstream recreational navigability are
reported. Flow hab1itatrelationships for Atlantic sturgeon and shortnose sturgeon
(spawning/egg inculhation) are presented in the Appendix, but not considered in flow
recommendations ~ntil the species are present in the Augusta shoals.
A flow regime is,needed to protect and enhance aquatic life in the Augusta shoals.
Historically low popplationlevels o~ Amerioan shad, stripe? bass, sho~nose sturgeon,
and robust red horse over the prevIous 10..20 years are eVidence of thiS need for a
protective and en,h~nced now regime. Commercial American shad fishing has all but
ceased in the SavairnRah River. Sh()rtnosesfurg~on and robust redhorse are federal
and state listed en&angered species, respectively. The Robust Redhorse Conservation
Committee (RRCC), formed in the mid-1990's, is committed to restoring the species
throughout its historic range. The Savannah River striped bass population has declined
drastically, and both Georgia and South Carolina have a moratorium on striped bass
harvest. A substantial striped bass restoration effort by WRD has been on going for
12
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
more than 10 years. Dam construction, altered flow regime, and changes in water
quality have all played a key role in the population decline of these species in the
Savannah River. An enhanced flow regime for the Augusta shoals along with usable
fish passage at the NSBLD will provide additional, favorable habitat, and reduce habitat
fragmentation. Additionally, the endangered rocky shoals spider lily is expected to
benefit from a flow management plan for the shoals (page 3-6, Rare and Protected
Species Report).
WRD has reviewed all the flow relationships in the SRIFS and offers a
recommended flow rate for the Augusta shoals. However, we do not consider our
recommended flow rates to provide optimal habitat conditions, rather they should be
viewed as a compromise and effort to balance vital water needs. Additionally, we
recognize the need to develop a drought plan that will balance protection for aquatic
resources with the needs of Augusta Canal users. WRD has been very willing to
participate in this important process, and looks forward to coordinating with Augusta
and the other resource agencies on such a plan when all the information required to
make these decisions is available. The primary information needs at this time are flow
duration curves and impact analysis.
Our recommended flows are outlined in the same four biological seasons used in
the SRIFS, however, recommended flows do vary within some seasons. A basis for
each seasonal flow recommendation as well as optimal flow conditions is provided.
Resident native fish species, fish passage, and recreational navigation require year-
round flow, and are discussed prior to seasonal requirements.
13
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Year-Round Habitat Conditions
The Augusta shoals reach is a rare habitat in the Savannah basin. Our
recommendations for resident native fish species focus on the deep/fast and
shallow/fast guilds because they represent the uniqueness of the habitat. Habitat for
species in the deep/slow guild is widely available outside the shoals, and is therefore
not critical in our management objectives. The shoals provide a low amount of habitat
for the shallow/slow guild, and maximum habitat is obtained at 400 cfs. Managing for
the shallow/slow guild would negatively impact the "fast" guilds, anadromous fish
species, recreational navigation, and fish passage. Year-round fish passage through
the shoals is needed for robust red horse and striped bass. Robust red horse spawn in
the shoals and may utilize this area throughout the year (Jeff Isely, Clemson University,
personal communication). Striped bass are known to utilize the area during summer
and fall as a thermal refuge. Recent sampling efforts and tag returns by anglers
indicate large striped bass arrive to the area in late winter and remain after
temperatures in the lower river decrease to a preferred range.
Recreational navigation flow in the shoals is needed for outdoor enthusiasts
throughout the year. Access to the shoals is poor and as a result public use is limited.
Navigation flow will be a key component to increasing public use of this unique natural
resource. The endangered rocky shoals spider lily will benefit from a flow management
plan for the Augusta Canal Hydropower project. Low flows that are occurring under
current operation guidelines leave the plant vulnerable to grazing and human
destruction. Augusta's resource report titled, Endangered Species Study, recommends
enhancement and re-establishment for the rocky shoals spider lily. We concur with the
recommendations in the 1998 report, and encourage Augusta to follow through with the
measures identified.
Response: Augusta proposes to consult with the Augusta Canal Authority (ACA)
and the GDNR regarding surveillance of the existing populations of rocky shoals
spider lily. The surveillance would be Gonducte~ by rangers employed by the
ACA and GDNR at1d it is anticipated that the action would limit human
disturbance or co/.tection of tfuespecies, which w~s,identified as one of the
greatest threats to the population in the resource report.
Augusta requests:lmore information from GDNR regarding the basis for their
statement that "L~wt:Jowsthat areocc~rring und~r current operation guidelines
leave the plant ~uILt1e,rableto gra~ing. and human destruction." Augusta's study
regarding rocky slbals spider lily (see Rare andProtected Species Resource
J:,. .,'"..." .:' , :,'1
Report) does not SJpecify"grazing,or hunlan disturbance related d.irectly to low
flows (nor flows i~,general) as a threat to this sPecies. The report indicates that
shallow water may actually limit competition from exotic invasive species at
current locations of the lily.
February - March 15
14
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Our recommended flow in the Augusta shoals for February through March 15 is
4,000 cfs. American shad, Hickory shad, and blueback herring spawn in the shoals and
are the driving force for this recommendation. Although habitat for shad spawning
continues to increase beyond 4,000 cfs (69% maximum WUA), this flow will also
provide ample habitat for the deep/fast (96% maximum WUA) and shallow/fast guilds
(72% maximum WUA). Fish passage and recreational navigation flows are also
required, and their respective flow needs of 2,700 cfs and 2,000 cfs are met by the
recommended 4,000 cfs. The fish passage flow of 2,700 cfs is based on meeting the
South Carolina Anadromous fish passage criteria. The recreational navigation flow of
2,000 cfs is based on field observations by South Carolina Department of Natural
Resources in 1983 and by Entrix Inc. in 2001.
Response: Based on instream flow modeling results presented in the SRIFS
Report (see page 7-6), ENTRIX concluded that acceptable passage conditions for
downstream navigation in the Augusta Shoals is achieved at a flow between
1,300 cfs and 1,500 cfs. Flows of 2,000 cfs provide somewhat greater than
acceptable passage for navigation.
Although we recommend 4,000 cfs, the flow study indicates the optimal flow rate in
the shoals for this season to be 5,000 cfs. This increase in flow by 1,000 cfs would
provide additional spawning habitat for targeted migratory fish species. The increase in
targeted spawning habitat would be offset to some degree by a decrease in shallow/fast
guild habitat. Available habitat for the deep/fast guild would remain about the same.
These optimal flows would provide easier fish passage and recreational navigation.
Response: Augusta asserts that the SRIFS does not specifically define an optimal
flow rate, rather GDNR's interpretation of the SRIFS results in their determination
of "optimal flow rate".
March 15 - June
Our recommended flow in the shoals for March 15 through June is 4,000 cfs, except
decreasing to 2,700 cfs in June. American shad and robust redhorse spawning are the
driving force for this recommendation. The majority of shad spawning ends by late May
while robust redhor~e spawn in May and June. Striped bass spawning occurs in March
~nd Ap~il. The repd~IT1~nded 4,000 cfs provides 58% maximum WUA for striped bass
incubation and dnft.j Striped bass eggs, however, need to stay suspended for 40 - 48
hours to succeSSfully hatch. Striped bass egg;$ would likely float out of the shoals prior
to hatching. The SlRlFS report does not assess flow for striped bass eggs below the
shoals. The recom~endation of 4,000 cfs will provide additional opportunity for
reproduction and re~ruitment although the outcome of striped bass spawning in the
Augusta shoals is ui~known at this time. Our recommendation decreases to 2,700 cfs
in June because robust red horse spawning habitat is most available from 2,200 to
6,000 cfs. Fish passage flows (2,700 cfs) for striped bass and robust redhorse passage
and deep/fast and shallow/fast habitat guild requirements are the driving force in June.
Habitat for late American shad spawners in June decreases to 47% maximum WUA.
Average percent maximum WUA values for the deep/fast and shallow/fast guilds are
15
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
95% and 87%, respectively at 2,700 cfs in the shoals. Recreational flow requirements
are met by the 4,000 and 2,700 cfs recommendations.
Although we recommend 4,000 cfs/2,700 cfs, the flow study indicates the optimal
flow rate in the shoals during this time period to be 5,000 cfs. This flow would increase
spawning habitat for American shad, striped bass, and robust redhorse. Available
habitat for the deep/fast guild would remain stable or increase depending on the month,
and habitat for the shallow/fast guild would decrease some. These optimal flows would
provide easier fish passage and recreational navigation.
Response: Augusta asserts that the SRIFS does not specifically define an optimal
flow rate, rather GDNR's interpretation of the SRIFS results in their determination
of "optimal flow rate".
July - November
Our recommended flow in the shoals for July through November is 2,700 cfs. Fish
passage flows for striped bass and robust red horse, deep/fast and shallow/fast guilds,
and American shad larvae/juvenile and outmigration are the driving force for this
recommendation. American shad larvae/juvenile and outmigration habitats increase
with increasing flow up to 6,500 and 7,500 cfs, respectively. However, 2,700 cfs (84%
maximum WUA for both life stages) should provide reasonable conditions for rearing
and outmigration. Recreational navigation flow requirements are met by the 2,700 cfs
recommendation.
Although we recommend 2,700 cfs, the flow study indicates the optimal flow in the
shoals for this time period to be 3400 cfs. This flow would increase American shad
larval/juvenile and outmigration habitat. The deep/fast and shallow/fast guilds would
offset each other with minor increases and decreases, respectively in available habitat.
These optimal flows would provide easier fish passage and recreational navigation.
Response: Augusta asserts that the SRIFS does not specifically define an optimal
flow rate, rather GDNR's interpretation of the SRIFS results in their determination
of "optimal flow rate".
December -January
)
Our recommend~d flow in the shoals for December and January is 2,700 cfs. The
flow recommendatiqn is based on fish passage for striped bass and robust red horse,
deep/fast and shallow/fast guilds, and American shad outmigration. However,
spawning habitat fon hickory shad and blueback herring in January is just 45%
maximum WUA. Recreational navigation flow needs are met by the 2,700 cfs
recommendation.
Although we recommend 2,700 cfs, the flow study indicates the optimal flow rate in
the shoals for this time period to be 3,400 cfs in December and 5,000 cfs in January.
16
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The December flow would increase American shad outmigration and deep/fast guild
habitats. The shallow/fast guild, on the other hand, would experience a decrease in
habitat. The January flow would nearly double spawning habitat for hickory shad and
blueback herring. The deep/fast guild habitat would remain nearly the same and the
shallow/fast guild habitat would decrease. These optimal flows would provide easier
fish passage and recreational navigation during both months.
As mentioned previously, we recognize the need for seasonal recommendations
during a low/drought flow scenario, and we look forward to coordinating closely with
Augusta and the other resource agencies on this endeavor. Once Augusta is able to
supply the necessary flow duration curves and impact analysis, this process can
commence in earnest.
Response: Augusta has clarified its flow management plan, which includes flow
thresholds for the Augusta Shoals in its revised Licens,e Application. Augusta
asserts that the SRIFS does not specifically define an optimal flow rate, rather
GDNR's interpretation of the SRIFS results in their determination of "optimal flow
rate" .
Recreational Access to the Auqusta Shoals and Canal
WRD recognizes the positive value of both the Augusta shoals and canal as a
recreational resource for the residents of Augusta, Georgia and North Augusta, South
Carolina as well as visitors to the region. We appreciate Augusta's inclusion of the
Augusta shoals in the Recreation, Land Management and Aesthetics Resource Study
Report. Although the Augusta shoals may lie outside the Augusta Canal project
boundary, Augusta clearly controls access to the shoals with a gate at the Raw Water
Pumping Station (RWPS) and public exclusion of all vehicular traffic. The entire four
miles of shoals and canal between the RWPS and ADD are paralleled by the vehicle-
restricted Towpath Trail.
As stated on page 2-24 of the Fisheries Resource Report, WRD is on record for
requesting recreational access enhancements to the Augusta shoals and canal.
Access to the Augusta shoals is included in an element of consensus developed by the
U.S. Fish and Wi.ldi.ife Service (USFWS), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS),
South Carolina De~artment of Natural Resources (SCDNR), and WRD regarding
restoration of the mid-Savannah River (Fisheries Resource Report, pages 2-10 and 2-
11). We maintain <pur position on the need for recreational access, and offer the
following comment$, questions, and recommendations on the Draft Application for
License and supporting studies as they relate to recreational access enhancement to
the Augusta shoals) and canal.
Fisheries Reso!urces Report
. Page 3-9 states Augusta is considering moving the annual de-watering from one
week each summer to one week each winter, and thus reduce possible impacts
to fish in the canal. WRD would favor a move to the winter and is available to
discuss this change to canal operations.
17
,I
,I
I
I
-,
'1
'I
:1
I
I
"I
"I
'I
'I
I
'I
-I
'I
I
Response: Augusta proposes moving the timing of the annual de-watering of the
Augusta Canal to the winter season.
· Pages 3-11 and 3-12 state the Augusta Canal is an aquatic habitat of limited
value. WRO considers the Augusta Canal as a valuable aquatic resource. Our
sampling data indicates very good fisheries for deep/slow specialist exist in the
canal including bluegill, redbreast sunfish, warmouth, and chain pickerel.
However, a 1997-98 WRO creel survey and recent observations by Entrix Inc.
reveal low fishing pressure. Page 2-3 of the Recreation, Land Management and
Aesthetics Resource Study Report expounds on the lack of boat ramps,
outboard motor restrictions, and restricted vehicular access. Anglers may
manually launch in the canal at various places downstream of the RWPS, but
there are no designated areas or signs to encourage use.
Response: Augusta noted in the Fisheries Resource Report (page 3-11) that the
Augusta Canal supports a variety of fish species, including game species. Ample
angler access, consistent with the Augusta Canal Master Plan, will be
implemented by the Augusta Canal Authority. Please see the related comments
and responses provided below.
Recreation, land Management and Aesthetics Resource Study Report
· Pages 2-4 and 2-5 describe a low level of boating and angling in the Augusta
shoals, and relate the inactivity, in large part, to poor and difficult access. WRO
concurs with these findings, and encourages Augusta to develop angler access
to the entire length of the shoals. Shoal habitat typically provides ideal wade
fishing opportunities.
Response: Augusta will continue to support development of improved access,
including angler access, along the Augusta Canal and Augusta Shoals. This
process will be managed by the Augusta Canal Authority outside the scope of the
FERC license.
. Page 2-18 generally describes the level of recreational use in the Augusta shoals
and canal as low and well below capacity. The narrative ties the low use of
these resourgesto "restricted", "limited", and "lacking" facilities for access. WRO
concurs withijthes8 statements, and recommends Augusta develop and
implement 81il11.aquat-icresource enhancement plan that will encourage use of the
., ,'.
shoals and canal. This page also states publi.caccess to the Augusta Canal
downstream ~fthe RWPS is unrestricted. We concur there is unrestricted use
downstream~f the RWPS, however, there are no areas designated for
recreational ~se or i,nformation signs indicating what recreation may occur in the
canal. WRO:recommends the development of designated use areas.
Response: A comprehensive plan guiding enhancement of access and other
features already exists in the form of the Augusta Canal Master Plan and is being
implemented by the Augusta Canal Authority. Under the umbrella of the Augusta
18
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Canal Master Plan, individual master plans (such as the Augusta Headgates
National Heritage Area Master Plan, Chaffee Park Master Plan, and other projects)
include specific provisions for increased access and informational kiosks are
being implemented. Please see the revised license application (Exhibit E, section
5) and the information provided below for more detail regarding these plans.
· Page 2-19 lists eight goals that were developed as part of the tourism and
recreation element of the Augusta Canal Master Plan (ACMP). Goal one
includes reintroduction of boat transportation along the length of the canal. Goal
two provides continuous public access along the canal ~nd Savannah River.
WRD fully supports these goals and recommends implementation of projects in
the ACMP that fulfill these goals.
Response: The two goals are being met and plans for future enhancement are
being implemented by the Augusta Canal Authority. The Augusta Canal is open
to boats (without gasoline motors), canoes, and kayaks and improvements for
launching facilities are planned. Enhancements for public access are also being
implemented. Please see the revised license application (Exhibit E, section 5) and
the information provided below for more detail regarding these plans.
· Page 2-20 lists planned facilities in the ACMP for improving access to the shoals
and canal. These facilities include new canoe launching facilities for the upper
Augusta shoals, upper Augusta Canal and the RWPS area. The "RWPS area"
needs to be further defined. WRD recommends that the RWPS area include
both the Augusta shoals and canal adjacent to the RWPS facility. We also
recommend the design and construction of carry-down launching (canoe, boat,
wade) facilities be implemented for the upper and lower shoals and canal.
Response: Canoe launching facilities are planned by the Augusta Canal
Authority for the Augusta Canal near the Canal Headgates (upper Canal), in an
area between the ,RWPS and Riverwatch Parkway (mid-Canal), and near Chaffee
Park (lower Canal). Canoe launChing facilities are planned by the Augusta Canal
Authority for the alrea near the Canal Headgates (upper Shoals) and currently
exist at the North 'Augusta. Boat Ramp (just downstream of the Shoals).
Installation of a Icd'hoelauAching area in the Shoals near the RWPS parking area
is not considered1feasible due to the severe elevation change.
,\
,
· Page 2-21 Ii~t$ the goals of the AU9LJstaCanal National Heritage Area
Headgates~aster Plan (ACNHAHMP). This plan integrates multiple facilities in
the area intota singlepark facility. 8pth ACMPand this plan are developed and
directed throiugh th,eAugusta Canal Authority. Goals of the plan include
improvemen~s to the canal bank for anglers, increased fishing access for
disabled persons, and signs orienting visitors to the park. WRD fully supports
these goals for the canal.
· Page 2-2, Table 2-2 provides a status of selected ACMP individual projects. We
find the table to be vague. In particular, we are unsure of the status to provide
canoe-launching facilities for the upper Augusta shoals, upper Augusta canal,
19
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
and the RWPS area. We have recommended these facilities and request a clear
statement on their status.
Response: Please see the comment and response immediately above in regards
to the status of canoe launching facilities.
· Page 2-23 lists recommendations for new facilities as part of the ACNHAHMP.
Among these facilities are a canoe/kayak launch dock, canoe storage facilities,
and a fishing dock located at the confluence of the canal and Reed Creek.
Another listed improvement is signage for visitors. WRD fully supports
development of these facilities and recommends them as enhanced recreational
access. Page 2-23 also states the status of ACNHAHMP improvement projects
are summarized in Table 2.2. However, Table 2.2 does not include our
supported recommendations for boating and fishing facilities and signage or, for
that matter, any of the numerous recommended facilities on pages 2-21 and 2-
23. We request a clear statement on the status of facilities recommended by the
ACNHAHMP.
Response: The feasibility or status of specific enhancements requested by the
GDNR are outlined below (see below for the numbered list of 10 measures
requested). A detailed discussion and update on the measures included in the
ACNHAHMP is included in the Amended license application (Exhibit E section 5).
· Page 2-24 lists options Augusta is considering as part of the FERC license that
would improve recreation. Two options which directly improve access to the
canal and shoals are a handicap accessible path linking the Towpath Trail to the
Savannah River near the proposed RWPS and a canoe launching facility
possibly located near the recently expanded RWPS parking area. The location
of the canoe launching facility is vague, not clearly identifying the Augusta shoals
or canal. We request clarification regarding the canoe launching facility, and
reiterate our earlier recommendation for a carry-down launching facility at both
the shoals and canal near the RWPS. WRD also fully supports the handicap
accessible trail and recommends its construction.
Response: Augusta a!iserts that construction of a handicap accessible trail from
the towpath tra;il t!>th~Au~ustaShoalsnear the RWPS (including access to
canoe launching. (tldilities) is not feasible due to constraints associated with the
large differencei~ elevation in that area.
I
· Page 2-24 strates population growth in the Augusta, Georgia area increased by
15.5% from~990to 2000. Augusta recognizes the need to effectively maintain
existing recr~ationfacHities and expand to meet future needs. WRD concurs
with these conclusions.
· Page 2-27 states the recreational needs for the Augusta area as developed for
the Georgia State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP). These
recreational needs include implementation of the ACMP and subsidized
transportation to and from recreation areas. Our earlier comments endorse
20
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
many aspects of the ACMP and recommend the enhancement of recreational
access. Additionally, transportation of anglers and other outdoor enthusiast to
the shoals and canal between the RWPS and Augusta Canal Headgates would
reduce existing access limitations (page 2-18), meet the ACMP goal to provide
continuous access along the Augusta shoals and canal (page 2-19), and provide
more transportation to recreation areas as part of the Georgia SCORP (page 2-
27).
Response: Motorized transportation of anglers along the Towpath Trail is
inconsistent with the Augusta Canal Master Plan and its designation of the Trail
for pedestrian/bicycle use. As such, Augusta does not propose a motorized
transport system, rather anglers and other visitors can access areas on foot or by
bicycle.
The Augusta shoals and canal are valuable aquatic resources with limited and often
difficult access opportunities. Public use of this unique resource is therefore low. The
resource agencies ability to access these resources, particularly the shoals, is also
hampered by poor access. Current annual standardized sampling and robust redhorse
population sampling conducted by WRD and other resource agencies are made difficult
by limited access. Future resource agency sampling is likely to include striped bass
and shortnose sturgeon. We recommend the construction and maintenance of a gravel
boat ramp in the area of the shoals known as the "clearing" to accommodate current
and future sampling efforts of WRD and other resource agencies.
This concludes our comments on recreation and we offer the following summary of
our recommendations to directly enhance recreational access to the Augusta shoals
and canal.
(1) Carry-down launching facility for the upper canal near the headgates.
Response: Will be provided by the Augusta Canal Authority.
(2) Carry-down launching facility for the mid-canal near the enhanced RWPS
parking.
Response: Will be provided by the Augusta Canal Authority.
(3) Carry-down launching facility for the upper shoals near the ADD.
Response: Will be provided by the Augusta Canal Authority.
(4) Carry-dolwn launching facility for the shoals in the vicinity of the RWPS.
Response: .rNot feasible.
(5) Gravelb~atramp .in the shoals at the area known as "the clearing".
Response:WiU b~ provided by the Augusta Canal Authority. Available for
launching,o\f f11otorized boats for research purposes only with the prior
notification ~nd approval of the RWPS superintendent and the Augusta
Canal Authd,-rity.
(6) Fishing PJ;er in the Augusta Canal at the confluence with Reed Creek.
Response: Not compatible with planned improvements and uses in the
area.
(7) Improved signage for the Augusta shoals and canal relating to recreational
uses.
Response: Will be provided by the Augusta Canal Authority.
(8) Handicap accessible path to the shoals from the Towpath Trail near the
21
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
RWPS.
Response: Not feasible.
(9) Transportation of anglers and other recreational users to the shoals and
canal between the RWPS and Augusta Canal Headgates.
Response: Not compatible with the Augusta Canal Master Plan and
existing uses.
(10) Boat storage and dock facilities in the Augusta Canal near the headgates.
Response: Will be provided by the Augusta Canal Authority.
Upstream and Downstream Fish Passage
Augusta submitted the Fish Passage and Protection Plan for the Augusta Canal
Hydropower Project FERC No. 11810 to the resource agencies in March 2002. WRD
and other res9urce agencies met with Augusta in April 2002 to review the report. WRD,
SCDNR and USFWS met in May 2002 to coordinate resource agency review and
comments. On June 7, 2002 WRD submitted written comments on the subject study to
Augusta (Appendix B). USFWS and SCDNR provided joint comments on June 6, 2002.
To our knowledge the subject report has not been revised since comments were
submitted. Therefore, please refer to our comments in Appendix B.
Response: The WRD comment letter dated June 7, 2001 and Augusta's
responses are provided in the attached Appendix B.
The Fish Passage and Protection Plan for the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
FERC No. 11810 does not take into account the need to monitor the effectiveness of
passage and protection facilities. Augusta will need to address monitoring of targeted
species during the next phase of licensing.
Response: Augusta anticipates that features to allow monitoring of effectiveness
of upstream fish passage facilities will be integrated into the design.
Additional information regarding fish passage is contained in the Draft Application for
License and resource studies submitted since March 2002. WRD offers these
additional comments as they relate to fish passage.
Draft Application for License
· Page E..1~ proposes installation of upstream and downstream fish passage
mechanisrjins on three conditions. (1) "Passage for the fisheries has been
accompli~hed at the downstream NSBLD facilities." WRD concurs with this
proposal. ,(2) "Passage for fisheries has been established at the upstream
facility at $teven's Creek Dam." WRD does not concur with this proposal
because Steven's Creek Dam (FERC No. 2535) is required to provide fish
passage when passage is obtained at the ADD (FERC No. 11810). Neither
FERC project would ever need to provide fish passage with this proposal,
and we therefore recommend it be deleted. (3) "The water quality deficiency
above the Augusta Dam has been corrected and offers no threat to the
22
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
.
.
fisheries." This condition does not define water quality. The COE is
refurbishing Clarks Hill Dam with vented turbines and has requested funding
for a oxygen injection system in Clarks Hill Lake. These two measures
should improve habitat conditions below Clarks Hill Dam substantially. WRD
recommends that Augusta coordinate with the state and federal resource
agencies on the availability of suitable habitat upstream of the ADD and the
timing of fish passage facilities at ADD.
Response: Augusta has revised its timing for installation of upstream fish passage
facilities at the ADD as follows:
· After the completion and successful operation of the proposed new fish
passage facilities at NSBL&D. The facilities proposed by the USACE in
consultation with the resource agencies include a fish passage channel with
naturalistic pools located adjacent to NSBL&D in South Carolina (USACE
2003b). The NSBL&D is located approximately 20 river miles downstream of
the ADD,
· The USFWS or NMFS notifies Augusta in writing that the amount of habitat in
the Augusta Shoals (and areas downstream) is not sufficient to support
fisheries in the Savannah River (including the supporting rationale), thereby
requiring passage to additional habitats above the ADD, and
· The GDNR notifies Augusta in writing that the water quality in the Savannah
River between Thurmond Dam and the ADD is suitable for passage of
fisheries into that area.
· Our June 7, 2002 comments (Appendix B) provide further details on water
quality.
Response: Please refer to Appendix B.
Rare and Protected Species Report
· Page 3-5 (and page 3-8 of the Fisheries Resource Report) state the need or
desirability of upstream passage for robust red horse at the ADD has not
been established and the species currently is not a priority in that regard.
However, the RRCC is currently developing a management plan for the
Savannah River. An element of this plan is to support installation of passage
facilities at the NSBLD and the ADD (Jimmy Evans, WRD, personal
communiQation). Fish passage at ADD is conditioned upon improved
dissolved oxygen in Thurmond discharges.
Response: Robust rtedhorse was nQtincluded in the original list of target species for
fish passage (or th~:studyr~port) atthe specific requestof the GDNR. Augusta will
consider inclusiQn ~f robust redhorse into any future plans or designs for upstream
fish passage facilities based Qn input from all of the resource agencies and
anticipates that robust redhQrse will be a target species for fish passage. However,
there currently is no information or experience with this species regarding its use
Qf fishways.
23
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Fisheries Resource Report
· Page 2-11 and 3-4 state the resource agencies goal is to provide fish
passage upstream of ADD after improvements in dissolved oxygen and water
temperature in releases from Thurmond Dam are achieved. Please refer to
our comments June 7, 2002 (Appendix B). Although improvements in water
temperature are desirable, the opportunity to change river water
temperatures is unlikely; therefore, WRD proposes removing temperature for
this reason (Appendix B).
Response: Augusta acknowledges the revised opinion by the GDNR that water
temperature "may not be a significant concern in regards to fish passage" based
on communication with biologists and review of literature. Augusta does nqt
necessarily disagree, but would like to receive a more detailed explanation of
basis of this revised opinion. Additionally, the GDNR states above that changed
(warmer in summer) water temperatures are desirable, but are unlikely,
apparently due to an inability to alter USACE operations. Augusta seeks
confirmation that the water temperature issue was not dropped simply because
change is not attainable at this time and an analysis regarding whether changed
water temperatures are desired from the perspective of striped bass thermal
refuge habitat.
· Page 3-3 states the biological need or desirability for passage of shortnose
sturgeon, robust redhorse and striped bass is uncertain at this time. Note
earlier comments on robust redhorse management plan. Passage for
shortnose sturgeon is desired if they inhabit the Augusta shoals following
construction of a fishway at the NSBLD (Prescott Brownell, NMFS, personal
communication). Shortnose sturgeon were documented at the NSBLD in
2002, and are expected to utilize the NSBLD fishway scheduled for
completion in 2004. Striped bass inhabit the Augusta shoals in limited
numbers due to poor passage aOhe NSBLD. We expect significant numbers
of striped bass to reach the Augusta shoals following completion of the
NSBLD fis:hway. Large striped bass, already known to occur at the base of
the ADD, ~ill be blocked from further upstream passage until a useable
fishwayis,rConstructed at the ADO. COE turbine refurbishment and oxygen
injection pr~ojects.at Thurmond Dam and Reservoir should improve dissolved
oxygen up~treamof the ADQ.WRD supports and targets striped bass
passage ~ the ADD under these conditions. The additional habitat would
provide desirable resources for a recovering Savannah River striped bass
population.
Response: August~acknowledges that passage for robust redhorse and striped
bass are important considerations for fish passage at the ADD. Additionally,
passage for shortnose sturgeon may become important at the ADD if they pass
the NSBL&D and use the Augusta Shoals in significant numbers. Striped bass
and shortnose sturgeon were target species analyzed in the fish passage
24
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I Fisheries Resource Report
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-
.
-
.
-
evaluation and Augusta anticipates that robust redhorse will be considered in
future planning, but no information about this species use of fishways is
currently available.
Fish Entrainment and Mortality
Augusta submitted the Fish Passage and Protection Plan for the Augusta Canal
Hydropower Project FERC No. 11810 to the resource agencies in March 2002. WRD
and other resource agencies met with Augusta in April 2002 to review the report. WRD,
SCDNR and USFWS met in May 2002 to coordinate resource agency review and
comments. On June 7, 2002 WRD submitted written comments on the subject study to
Augusta (Appendix B). USFWS and SCDNR provided joint comments on June 6, 2002.
To our knowledge the subject report has not been revised since comments were
submitted. Therefore, please refer to our comments in Appendix B.
Response: Please refer to Appendix B.
Additional information regarding fish entrainment and mortality is contained in the Draft
Application for License and resource studies submitted since March 2002. WRD offers
these additional comments as they relate to fish entrainment and mortality.
· Page 3-4 states survival of blueback herring that do pass through the RWPS
turbines is high. There is no documentation in this report to justify such a
statement. WRD requests documentation of this statement.
Response: Table 7-13 of the "Fish passage and Protection Plan for the ACHP"
indicates that the family Clupeidae (which includes blueback herring) has
estimated 48-hour survival rates above 94 percent after passing through the
turbines.
· Page 3-6 states entrainment and mortality at the proposed RWPS should be
very similar to the estimates for the existing RWPS. While this statement
may be reasonably accurate, the combined impact of entrainment and
mortality 8..t the RWPS and the three mills on the Augusta Canal is of concern
to WRD.
I
Response: August~,proposes two actions to,minimize entrainment of fishes from
the Augusta Canal i:nto the new Augusta HWPS intakes:
I
· Augusta will inst,<a,U bat screens with Qpeni,ngs,of one inch at the new RWPS
Ie " " ' . '
sluices to aid in!'exclusion of fishes from the hydropower intakes. This action
will prevent entrainment of all but the smallest fishes, which often have high
levels of survival in passing through the turbines (see Table 7-13 of the Fish
Passage and Protection Plan),
25
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
· Augusta will design its new sluices to be able to accommodate a louver
system in the future. The louver system in the RWPS sluices would be
installed after passage of shortnose sturgeon upstream of the ADD has been
documented. The proposed louver system would include a bypass pipe from
the new sluiceway to the Savannah River.
The three Mills located on the Augusta Canal are separately licensed by FERC.
Augusta acknowledges WRD's concern regarding the combined impact of fish
entrainment and mortality in the Augusta Canal.
26
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
APPENDIX A
27
- - - -, - - - -
-
-
-
-
-
------
Figure A1. Photograph of Augusta Diversion Dam (ADD) and shoals taken on October 25.2001 at 9:53am. The United States Geological Survey
QauQe # 02196484 readinQ at ADD was 7.84 feet with a estimated flow of 1100 cfs.
28
-
-
-
-
-
-
- -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
...." ~ -_. ",-.--
.. "
'--q>'.-~.- -
" ~.,
.;",-:,---~. ~~.,..~ '7"f-";<'-
--.... ~_. '.~"'-. ~-~.~'-.-;"""'"--::-'" ,.-. -,.--.-.. ----.. ~~._.~ ",-- -.- --...- .-
. , ~
Figure A2. Photograph of Augusta Diversion Dam (ADD) and shoals taken on June 10, 2002 at 1 0:43am. The United States Geological Survey gauge #
02196484 reading at ADD was 7.87 feet with a estimated flow of 1130 cfs.
29
-------------------
Figure A3. Photograph of Augusta Diversion Dam (ADD) and shoals taken on June 24,2002 at 1 :19pm. The United States GeologicalSurvey gauge #
02196484 reading at ADD was 7.96 feet with a estimated flow of 1250 cfs.
30
- -
-----------
------
Figure A4. Photograph of Augusta Diversion Dam (ADD) and shoals taken on August 5. 2002 at 9:13am. The United States Geological Survey gauge #
02196484 reading at ADD was 8.11 feet with a estimated flow of 1460 cfs.
31
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-~-~---"-,".;:-'-'._'-
"~.@@i@,
:"':f(;:~:;~:::'..,. 1, .
Figure AS. Photograph of Augusta Diversion Dam (ADD) and shoals taken on September 12, 2002 at 1 :40pm. The United States Geological Survey
gauge # 02196484 reading at ADD was 8.26 feet with a estimated flow of 1700 cfs.
32
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
.
.
I
I APPENDIX B
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
.
. 31
I
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Wildlife Resources Division
Lonice C. Barrett, Commissioner
I David Waller, Director
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
2070 U.S. Highway 278, S. E., Social Circle, Georgia 30025
(770) 918-6406
June 7, 2002
Mr. Jorge E. Jimenez, P.E.
ZEL Engineers
435 Telfair Street
Augusta, GA 30901
Dear Mr. Jimenez:
We appreciate the opportunity to review the Fish Passage and Protection Plan for the Augusta Canal
Hydropower Project, FERC Project No. 11810-000.
Our attached comments are based on the subject document and information exchanged at the April
26, 2002 meeting attended by the City of Augusta, FERC project consultants, and the resource
agencies. We met with the other resource agencies on May 22,2002 for the purpose of coordinating
recommendations on upstream and downstream fish passage designs.
Should you have any questions, please contact Ed Bettross at (706) 721-7409.
Sincerely,
John Biagi
Assistant Chief
Attachment (1)
JB:llu
cc:
Bubba Mauldin
32
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Wildlife Resource Division
Comments on the Fish Passage and Protection Plan
for the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project,
FERC No. 11810-000
General Comments
Water quality concerns referenced on pages 1-2 and 1-3 are a significant issue
relating to fish passage above the Augusta Diversion Dam(ADD). Current
summer and early fall oxygen levels upstream of the ADD are not adequate for
existing fish populations and passage should not be provided until conditions
improve. Oxygen levels should improve once the Corps of Engineers' (CaE)
rehabilitation plan for Clarks Hill Dam to install vented turbines by 2005 and an
oxygen injection system in the main lake five miles up from the dam are
completed. The synergistic effect of these two systems should result in a
significant increase in dissolved oxygen released to the Savannah River. We
suggest that fish passage not be provided until the vented turbines are put in
place.
Response: Augusta concurs that water quality is a paramount issue
regarding the timing of fish passage. Notification of Augusta from GDNR
that the water quality issues are no longer an impediment to installation of
fish passage facilities at the ADD is one condition Augusta has proposed
be accomplished prior such installation. The other two relevant conditions
include successful operation of the new fish passage facilities proposed at
NSBL&D and notification from the USFWS or NMFS that fisheries
populations in the Savannah River exceed the capacity Augusta Shoals
and areas downstream to accommodate those populations.
The other water quality issue is moving fish into cooler water temperatures. Our
staff is in the beginning stages of evaluating this issue. Personal
communications with biologists experienced with American shad (Bert Deener,
GA DNR; Billy McCord, SC DNR; Ron Michaels, GA CRD; Dick S1. Pierre,
USFWS) and a literature review of temperature requirements for shad, herring,
and striped bass indicate water temperature may not be a significant concern in
regards to fish passage.
Response: Auglustaacknowledges the revised opinion by the GDNR that
water temperature "may not be a sig~ificant concern in regards to fish
passage" base~ on (:~mmunication with biolo.gists and review of literature.
Augusta does itJot ne'qessarilydisagree, but would like to receive a more
detailed writteniexplanation of and basis for this revised opinion.
33
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Section Seven of the report develops turbine entrainment and survival estimates
using results from other studies. This methodology is commonly referred to as a
"paper study". We are concerned about the process used to select representative
projects for estimating turbine survival (page 7-5). Only two criteria, project head
(<75 ft) and project's design flow rate (I 75%), were used in this selection process.
We are recommending the development and implementation of a third and fourth
criteria for building a smaller, but better site-specific database. The third criteria
would consider turbine speed and the fourth would eliminate northern sites due to
the impact of cooler water temperature on stress response. The fourth criteria could
be based on latitude or seasonal water temperature. However, we feel the project
consultant, Alden Research Lab, has the best available expertise for recommending
such criteria for the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project. We are not recommending
a full turbine survival study at this time, but would like to review a database more
reflective of conditions at the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project.
Response: The fish entrainment and mortality study was designed with full
input and consultation of the resource agencies. The agencies attended a
meeting held on July 11, 2001 where proposed study methods were presented
by Alden Research Laboratory and consensus was obtained by the working
group that the study approach and data sets were acceptable (see Appendix
A of the Fish Passage and Protection report for meeting minutes). The study
used the best available data for the analysis.
The inclusion of data from the Stevens Creek facility, which has a relatively
slow turbine speed, met all of the agreed-upon criteria for inclusion in this
evaluation. In regard to possible exclusion of data from northern sites,
Augusta re-analyzed the survival calculations presented in the report. The
exclusion of northern sites actually increased the projected survival rates
rather than decreasing them. Using data where 48-hour control survival was
greater than 90 percent, the estimate of survival for all species combined
increased from 83.9 percent (all sites combined) to 94.6 percent (southern
sites only).
Upstream PassaQe Recommendations
-I:
"
The four design~ proposed for upstream fi$h passage were a vertical slot ladder
and a rock ram~.on eifher side of the river. The rock ramps are designed very
much like the vJ,'rcticaL slot ladder excePt construGted of rocks instead of concrete.
There are adva!ntagesand disaclvantages to each, design and location. We
prefer the vertic~.lslotladder design to the rock ramp design due to stability and
proven track rec~rcl. The. vertical' slot ladderis also less expensive than the rock
ramp. The verti~al slot ladder, as proposed in the report, would have to be
modified for sturgeon.
We recommend the vertical slot ladder be located on the Georgia side.
-
34
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
However, each side of the river has advantages and disadvantages. The
advantages of the Georgia side are available access and an excellent
opportunity for public outreach. A concern associated with the Georgia side is
poor attraction flow. In addition to redirecting Bull Sluice for better attraction
flow, we recommend the entrance pool be enlarged by excavating toward the
dam.
Should a fish passage structure be constructed on the South Carolina side, the
advantages would be lower head and better attraction flow than the Georgia
side. Our concerns with utilizing the Carolina side include purchasing and
developing access, impacting the endangered rocky shoals spider lilly, limited
public outreach opportunities, and trash debris buildup.
Response: Augusta proposes installation of a vertical slot fish ladder, with
movable baffles to accommodate sturgeon in the future, on the South
Carolina side of the Savannah River. The South Carolina side of the River
has a lower head and is also the most upstream side of the dam, therefore
fish are more likely to move to that side provided that adequate attraction
flows occur. In regards to public outreach, Augusta proposes that an
informational station be established on the Georgia side of the ADD
explaining the fish passage facility and providing opportunity to view fish
passing through use of closed circuit television. This feature also could be
used for monitoring of .facility effectiveness. The fish passage facility will
be designed and constructed to minimize impacts to the rocky shoals
spider lily and to minimize trash buildup.
As noted above, Augusta has revised its timing for installation of upstream
fish passage facilities at the ADD as follows:
.
.
· After the completion and successful operation of the proposed new fish
passage facilities at NSBL&D. The facilities proposed by the USACE in
consultation with the resource agencies include a fish passage
channel with naturalistic pools located adjacent to NSBL&D in South
Carolina (USACE 2003b). The NSBL&D is located approximately 20
river miles ,downstream of the ADD,
I
· The USFWS:or NMFS notifies Augusta in writing that the amount of
habitat in tlfieAugusta Shoals (and CJreas downstream) is not sufficient
to suPport~$heries in the Savannah River (including the supporting
rationale), thereby requiring passage to additional habitats above the
ADD, andj
· The GDNR ~otifiesA~gustCJ in writing thatthe water quality in the
Savannah ~iver.between Thurrtu:md Dam and the ADD is suitable for
passage otifisheries into that area.
I
Downstream PassaQe Recommendations
-
35
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
i
I
I
There are seven existing and two proposed intakes in the Augusta Canal. Four
of the existing intakes are at the Augusta Waterworks and the others at three
mills. Safe downstream passage requires protection at each operating intake.
We recommend a full louver screening of the canal for protection of all intakes.
We favor full depth louvers across the canal because unidirectional flow in the
canal is conducive to effective downstream passage and the need for just one
louver screen. Full depth louvers across the canal would require a navigation
passage on the west bank of the canal with a fish bypass pipe. Louvers at
facility intakes would require a bypass pipe and sound array.
Response: Augusta proposes two actions to minimize entrainment of
fishes from the Augusta Canal into the new Augusta RWPS intakes:
· Augusta will 'Install bar screens with openings of one inch at the new
RWPS sluices to aid in exclusion of fishes from the hydropower
intakes. This action will prevent entrainment of all but the smallest
fishes, which typically have high levels of survival in passing through
the turbines,
· Augusta will design its new sluices to be able to accommodate a louver
system with a bypass to the Savannah River. The louver system in the
RWPS sluices would be installed after passage of shortnose sturgeon
upstream of the ADD has been documented.
The construction and use of louvers to screen the entire Augusta Canal is
not feasible based on the status of the Augusta Canal as a National Historic
landmark District. The new RWPS facilities, which are located outside the
project boundary, would be designed to be compatible with existing
historic settings. The installation of a louver across the entire Canal would
involve significant disturbance of the Canal berms and the resulting
structure would not be aesthetically compatible with the area's historic
setting. Additionally, a full depth louver would restrict navigation across
most of the Canal's width and would be incompatible with planned
interpretative Canal tours involving replicas of historic Petersburg boats.
Alternatively, modification of a Canal-wide louver system could allow
passage of the Petersburg boats (and other recreational craft), but louver
efficiency would be diminished.
36
I
I Lonice C. Barrett, Commissioner
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Historic Preservation Division
W. Ray Luce, Division Director and Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
156 Trinity Avenue, SW., Suite 101, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3600
Telephone (404) 656-2840 Fax (404) 657-1040 http://www.gashpo.org
December 30, 2002
Jorge E. Jimenez, P.E.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
c/o ZEL Engineers
435 Telfair Street
Augusta, Georgia 30901
RE:
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project-FERC 11810
Richmond County, Georgia
HP981207-001
Dear Mr. Jimenez:
The Historic Preservation Division (HPD) has reviewed the report submitted
concerning the above-referenced project. Our comments are offered to assist the
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and its applicants in complying with the
provisions of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act.
Based on the information provided, HPD has determined that archaeological
sites 9RI1158 and 9RI1172 should be considered eligible for listing in the National
Register of Historic Places, and that archaeological site 9RI1 090 should be considered
not eligible. Furthermore, we request that the project archaeologist notify our office
when dewatering occurs, and that the local law enforcement be asked to increase
patrols if the project archaeologist locates deposits during dewatering.
Response: Augusta concurs regarding the eligibility status of sites
9RI1158, 9RI1172, and 9R11090. Augusta proposes to notify the HPD when
dewatering of the Canal occurs and to coordinate for increased surveillance with
law enforcement personnel (of the Augusta Canal Authority) if the Project
archeologist locates deposits during dewatering.
Regardinghr:storic structures, HPD concurs that the Augusta Canal is listed in
the National Regl$t~r of Historic Places as a National Historic Landmark. At this time,
HPD believes that tbe proposed construction of a new diesel building and a new office
building may have a.n adverse visual effect to the Augusta Canal, therefore we request
that plans and elev~tions for the prop()sed new building be submitted for our review.
Furthermore, HPD ~eJieves that the removal of the existing (1 OO-year old) pipe across
the canal near the R.aw Water Pumping Station (RWP$) may have an adverse effect,
as defined in 36 CF~ Part 800.5(1 )(2), to the historic integrity of the RWPS. Therefore
we request that further analysis be undertaken to determine if the current "historic" pipe
is in fact fifty years old or older, and further discussion of the pipe's (historic)
37
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
significance in relation to the operations of the RWPS be submitted to HPD. Please
also elaborate on the justification for removing the pipe, and what possibilities exist for
its in-place preservation.
Response: Augusta proposes to coordinate a review for the plans for
exterior architecture for the new RWPS facilities in advance with the HPD.
Augusta proposes to leave the 30" historic pipe across the Canal at the RWPS
intact.
We look forward to reviewing the additional information when it becomes
available. Please reference project number HP981207-001 in any future
correspondence regarding this undertaking. If we may be of further assistance, please
contact Serena G. Bellew, Environmental Review Coordinator, at (404) 651-6624.
Sincerely,
W. Ray Luce
Division Director,
Deputy State Historic Preservation
Officer
WRL:sgb
cc: Mark Barnes, National Park Service-Atlanta
William Jordan, R.S. Webb and Associates
Anne Floyd, Central Savannah River Area ROC
Paul DeCamp, Augusta-Richmond County HPC
Chris Naylor, Main Street Augusta
38
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Literature Cited
EA. 1994. Sinclair Hydroelectric Project Relicensing Technical Studies: (FERC Project
No. 1951) Habitat Suitability Criteria. Georgia. Prepared for Georgia Power
Company by EA, Sparks, Maryland.
EDAW. 1997. Augusta Canal Hydropower Project, Savannah River Instream Flow
Study, Final Plan of Study. May 1997.
Freeman, B.J. and M.C. Freeman. 2001. Criteria for Suitable Spawning Habitat for the
Robust Redhorse, Moxostoma robustum, A report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, January 2001.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2003a. Personal communication with Jason Ward on
May 1,2003.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2003b. Email regarding plans for fish passage at New
Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam from Bill Lynch (USACE) to Charles Martin (City
of North Augusta) dated May 2,2003.
Wallin, J. and M.J. Van Den Avyle. 1995. Annual Trends and Spatial patterns of
Striped Bass Egg Abundance in the Savannah River. University of Georgia,
Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Federal Aid Project F-52,
Athens, Georgia.
39
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The issues regarding the poor quality of data provided by USGS gauge No. 02196484 were discussed in an
I ACHP licensing meeting with the resource agencies held in October 2002. Augusta concurred with the
concerns about the flow data from USGS gauge No. 02196484, initiated actions to investigate the apparent
discrepancies, and began development of a revised flow record. There was no contention between the resource
I agencies and Augusta regarding the need for a revised flow record.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Development of a Revised Flow Record for the Savannah River
Introduction
The purpose of this technical memorandum is to document the development of an agreed upon flow record for
use in the licensing process for the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project (ACHP). During the licensing process,
Augusta and the resource agencies determined that U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) flow data (USGS No.
02196484) that had been used for some analyses was of insufficient quality for those purposes. Augusta acted
to develop a revised flow record for project use in consultation with the agencies. The revised flow record was
deemed as suitable by the agencies and was subsequently used for various analyses and in instream flow
discussions.
Background
Stream flow data initially used during licensing activities for the ACHP were based in large part on records
obtained from the USGS gauge for the Savannah River near North Augusta (USGS No. 02196484). Gauge No.
02196484 represents the only available source of data for direct measurement of historic stream flows within the
reach of the Savannah River bypassed by the Augusta Canal, commonly referred to as the Augusta Shoals.
The USGS (2000) rates the accuracy of gauge No. 02196484 as poor at stream flows below 5,000 cfs due to the
difficulty associated with obtaining accurate stream flow measurements in this hydraulically complex section of
river, which contains low head dams and rocky shoals. During the Savannah River Instream Flow Study
(SRIFS), ENTRIX coordinated and shared stream flow measurements collected in the field with the USGS in
efforts to ensure accurate estimates of stream flows. However, during the SRIFS, ENTRIX relied primarily on
its own field measurements for flows less that 5,000 cfs.
Effects on Project-related Reports and Studies
The flow data from the USGS gauge No. 02196484 was presented in various reports during the licensing
consultation process including the initial consultation package, license application, the Water Use and Quality
Resource Report, and the SRJFS Resource Report. A revised flow record (see Development of a Revised Flow
Record, below) will be subsdlt:uted for the data from gauge No. 02196484 in the revised license application. The
two resource reports, which :fould be included as appendices to the revised license application, contain
addend urns alerting the read~';r to the flow gauging issues.
i
The underlying data supporti~g the habitat to flow relationships modeled in the SRIFS are unaffected by the
apparent inaccuracy of gauge1;No. 02196484. The flow-to-habitat modeling presented in the SRIFS relied upon
field measurements of strecim1,flow collected during the. SRIFS field, surveys and are valid. These valid flow-to-
habitat relationships have been the driver for instream flow considerations for both the resource agencies and
Augusta during the licensing and consultation phases of this project.
The analyses of hourly flow data in the Augusta Shoals and habitat duration analyses presented in Section 8 and
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
40
May 28, 2003
I
I
I
I
I Augusta developed a revised flow data set for the Savannah River in close consultation with the resource
agencies. Augusta used the daily average flow record for the Savannah River at Augusta (USGS gauge No.
02197000) as the base data set and then adjusted the data to account for intervening inflow that would occur
I between the ADD and gauge No. 02197000 to produce a calculated daily average flow record for the Savannah
River at the ADD for the years 1955 to 2000 (46 years). Thurmond Reservoir completed filling and achieved
final full pool in 1954 (US ACE 2003), so Augusta included data starting in 1955. The last full calendar year for
I which final flow data for gauge No. 02197000 was available from the USGS was 2000. The resource agencies
approved the methods for this data set conversion in advance. Additionally, a revised flow record for the
Augusta Shoals (daily average flows for 1955 to 2000) was produced by using the calculated Savannah River at
I ADD data set and subtracting daily Augusta Canal flows (actual or estimated). The calculated data sets and
duration curves were provided to the resource agencies in March 2003 and they indicated that the calculated
flow records were suitable to meet their needs in a ACHP meeting held in April 2003. The Duration curves
I included in the revised Application Exhibit B are based on the revised flow record.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Development of a Revised Flow Record for the Savannah River
Appendices F, G, and H of the SRIFS report are affected by potential inaccuracies of gauge No. 02196484. The
information contained in these sections, which have not been the basis for instream flow discussions by either
the resource agencies or Augusta, are clearly identified in the SRIFS addendum as preliminary and subject to
change.
Development of a Revised Flow Record
Analyses Performed with the Calculated Flow Records
The revised flow record for the Savannah River at the ADD has been used by Augusta and the resource agencies
in all continued licensing activities and instream flow discussions since March 2003. These uses include
modeling of Canal effects and Augusta Shoals flow patterns based on various aquatic base flow levels and tiers,
development of flow statistics and duration curves for inclusion in the revised license application, in stream flow
technical memorandums prepared by Augusta for the agencies, and development of instream flow
recommendations by both Augusta and the resource agencies.
Conclusion
Augusta acted to rectify appa,rent inaccuracy in flow data published by the USGS upon recognition that the
published data was unaccept~ble for the purposes of the licensing process. Augusta and the resource agencies
agreed that the potential inflC~u.racy hampered ongoing analyses and discussions regarding flow issues and
worked together to develop rm..utually agreed-upon flow records for the Savannah River that satisfied Project-
related flow data requirements.
Literature Cited
U.S. Anny Corps of Engineers. 2003. Personal communication with Stan Simpson, February 25,2003.
U.S. Geological Survey. 2000. Water resources-South Carolina, water year 2000. Volume 1. USGS-
WDR-SC-99-l. Columbia, SC.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
41
May 28, 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Note: This document contains comments from the South Carolina Department of
Natural Resources regarding the Draft Application for a New License for the
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project (ACHP). Augusta's responses to these
comments are inserted below in bold font.
The agencies provided some comments regarding specific content of the ACHP
resource reports. Multiple copies of final versions of the resource reports have
already been distributed to the agencies and other parties. Rather than edit and re-
distribute the resource reports, which could lead to some confusion regarding the
different versions, Augusta has provided responses to the comments below.
Jorge E. Jimenez, P. E.
ZEL Engineers
435 Telfair Street
Augusta, Ga. 30901
January 29,2003
Re: Draft Application for a New License, Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
(FERC No. 11810), City of Augusta, Savannah River, Richmond County, Georgia
Dear Mr. Jiminez:
A draft application for a new license for the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project was filed
with the FERC on November 1, 2002. Resource agencies have 90 days from the filing to
provide you with written comments on the information provided. The South Carolina
Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has reviewed the draft license application and
the final study reports submitted for the Augusta Canal project.
The Augusta Canal is unique to the area for it's historical and economical significance.
The Canal has been in commercial operation for about 150 years. Also unique to the area,
and the Savannah River basin, is the last remaining extensive, rocky shoals. The shoals
provide a vital habitat component to the flora and fauna of the area, and it is our opinion
that these shoals provide a unique and ecologically significant habitat in the Savannah
River. A primary concern of the DNR is the protection of adequate habitat for fisheries
and other aquatic resources, and the establishment of flows to provide for fish passage,
navigation, and downstream water users.
In general, we f09nd the resource study reports were well written and provided much of
the information n;eeded to evaluate the project. The draft License Application could be
improved with fuHher editing and organization. We offer the following comments and
recommendations.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Draft License Application:
The draft license is lacking in organization and contains many errors. For Example, there
is no table of contents for the entire document. The table of contents on page A-I is for
Exhibit A and provides no reference to Exhibit B, C, D or E. Also, this table indicates
that the contents are found on pages 1-19, while the pages are actually numbered using
alpha-numeric characters. Table of contents for Exhibit B indicates that B.2.2, the Area
Hydraulic Curve, B.2.3, the Hydraulic Capacity, and B.2A., Tailwater Conditions are on
page 9. Page B-9 is actually blank. More specific comments follow: Pages A-16 to 17
state electricity produced at Sibley and King mills are used for the operation of the mills.
Enterprise Mill on the other hand, used power produced and sells surplus to Georgia
Power Company.
Response: The shortcomings of the draft application have been corrected and
included in the revised Application, including the table of contents.
Mean daily flow statistics are presented in Table B 1, page B-6. This table is an important
component of the application. However, we are not sure of the period ofrecord on which
the data are based. Footnote 1 is referenced in the Table heading and indicates that the
period of record is 1989-2000. The second footnote, which does not appear to be
referenced, indicates that the period of record is 1989-1992 and 1997-2000. Furthermore,
since the canal has been in operation for about 150 years, we are concerned that the flow
data presented for 1989 - 2000 are not representative of historic flows. Since decisions
regarding instream flows will be based on these data, we recommend a more
comprehensive and complete presentation of flow data.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from
USGS gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response document.
The summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28, 2003, and
titled "Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
Page B-3, B.2.1 and several other pages reference USGS gauge # 0219684. Flow data
from the USGS gauge # 02196484 is considered by the DNR to be highly inaccurate
(correspondence at meetings on October 17, November 18, and December 17, 2002) and
should not be used to describe flow in the project area.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from
I
USGS gauge #O~196484is appended to the end of this comment response document.
The summary is, contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28, 2003, and
titled "Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
Page B-8, Table ~3 presents monthly flow duration statistics for the Augusta Canal
Bypass Reach. ~ccording to the table heading, data from water years 1989-2000 were
used. Besides the questionable accuracy of the data as explained above, a drought of
record proportions occurred during 1998-2002, which would bias the data during three of
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
the twelve years examined. We do not believe that duration curves developed form this
data should be used to evaluate instream flow recommendations.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from
USGS gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response document.
The summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28, 2003, and
titled "Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
However, the duration curves for the bypass reach (Augusta Shoals) were computed
from the ADD duration curves minus the Augusta Canal Flow (from the USGS
records of flow into the Augusta Canal, which is rated by the USGS as having high
accuracy.) For periods where there are no USGS records for the Augusta Canal,
prorated estimates were compiled on a proportional basis.
Page E-14, E.2.5, states "the measures proposed in the Augusta Canal Hydropower
Project Operations Plan will protect and enhance fisheries conditions to a level
unprecedented in the history of the Augusta Shoals. However, the four and one half mile
of Augusta Shoals cannot replace two hundred miles of upstream riverine habitat
eliminated by the construction of four upstream dams during the past seventy years. The
proposed plan will provide consistently suitable habitats for fisheries beyond what nature
alone provided in the bypass reach," are not accurate and should be deleted from this
report.
Response: The text indicated above has been deleted, and the Application has been
appropriately revised.
Page E-15, E.2.6 states Augusta should be able to monitor flows diverted into the
Augusta Canal with certainty and accountability. The DNR recommends that the USGS
gauges presently in the Augusta Canal (02196485 and 02196500) should be upgraded to
provide real time data. The canal gauges cannot be used to monitor flow for the project
unless data is available on a real time basis. However, we believe that the best way to
monitor flow for the project is in the shoals. Augusta has taken steps toward a functional
gauge for the shoals. We encourage and recommend that Augusta continue to coordinate
with USGS on the establishment and operation of a reliable gauge for the Augusta shoals.
Response: See Exhibit E.2.iv. Augusta understands that the USACE is in the process
of installing new gauging equipment in the Augusta Canal (US ACE 2003). Augusta
proposes utiliz~~ion of this gauge for determination of the measured daily average
Augusta Canal.f1ows needed to document cOI;llpliance with its proposed flow
management pli~n.The USACE 'indicated their intention to provide the Augusta
Canal flow dat~'in real time on their website at some point in 2003.
1
I
The USACE als1b indicated they af(~ int~e proces~ ofinstalling a new gauge and
developing a n~w rating curve that wou:)(h~stimate flow in the Augusta Shoals. The
USACE also intends to provide the Augusta Sboals flow data in real time on their
website at some point in 2003. Augusta's compliance method is based on controlling
and documenting the flow diverted into the canal.
3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Page E-17, E.3.3 describes the applicants proposed installation of the fish passage
facilities in relation to other facilities. "The applicant proposes to install such devices at a
time when: passage for the fisheries has been accomplished at the downstream New
Savannah Bluff Lock And Dam facilities; passage for the fisheries has been established at
the upstream facility at Stevens Creek Dam; the water quality deficiency above the
Augusta Dam has been corrected and offers no threat to the fisheries". While we agree
with the passage criteria stated for the downstream facility (New Savannah Bluff Lock
and Dam), we do not agree with these conditions for the other two criteria for the
following reasons: 1) The USFWS has written a prescription under section 18 to provide
for fish passage at the Stephens Creek Hydro that is conditioned on the construction of
passage facilities at the Augusta Canal! Conditioning the construction of fish passage at
the Augusta Canal on the completion of upstream passage facilities, as requested by the
licensee, insures that no passage facilities will be constructed at either facility! 2) The
water quality criteria referenced by the licensee is not quantitative. We suggest that the
text include the words 'as determined by the responsible State Agency" or "to meet State
standards" to the end of the sentence.
Response: Augusta has revised its timing for installation of upstream fish passage
facilities at the ADD as follows:
. After the completion and successful operation of the proposed new fish passage
facilities at NSBL&D. The facilities proposed by the USACE in consultation
with the resource agencies include a fish passage channel with naturalistic pools
located adjacent to NSBL&D in South Carolina. The NSBL&D is located
approximately 20 river miles downstream of the ADD,
. The USFWS or NMFS notifies Augusta in writing that the amount of habitat in
the Augusta Shoals (and areas downstream) is not sufficient to support fisheries
in the Savannah River (including the supporting rationale), thereby requiring
passage to additional habitats above the ADD, and
. The GDNR notifies Augusta in writing that the water quality in the Savannah
River between Thurmond Dam and the ADD is suitable for passage of fisheries
into that area.
Proposed implementation schedules for upstream and downstream fish passage
facilities are estimated in Section 2 (Report on Fish, Wildlife, and Botanical
Resources) of the revised license application.
Operation Plan
Page OP-3 provides information regarding cost savings. It is unclear to the DNR if this
comparison inch,ldes the use of diesel pumps in lieu of hydro-mechanical pumping. We
request clarificatlon on this matter, and, ifapplicable, a cost statement based on the use of
diesel pumps.
Response: The cost comparisons do not include the use of diesel pumps in lieu of
hydromechanical pumping. It presents the total cost comparison with electric
motor driven pumps. Diesel powered pumps are much more expensive than electric
4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
powered pumps and it is only for uses as peaking or emergency reserve that the use
of diesel driven pumps are cost effective. The costs presented are gauged against a
hydroelectric development on the canal and also against an electric motor driven
station using purchased power. The information is a brief summary of the
Engineering Report (Appendix S-ll)
Page OP-13 references USGS gauge # 02196484 for record and report keeping. Current
or future flow data from this gauge should not be used in the licensing process. The DNR
would consider using data from this gauge if the USGS provides valid corrections to the
gauge. Furthermore, the gauge has not been in use since October 1, 2002 due to lack of
funding by the COE. As stated previously, we recommend that Augusta continue to
pursue installation of a gauge in the Shoals.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from
USGS gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response document.
The summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28, 2003, and
titled "Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
The Application has been amended and reflects the flow record mutually agreed on
by the applicant and the resource agencies.
Page OP-24 states the Pavilion Park Canoe Launch and Long Gate Spillway Kayak Run
each have a water capacity of 50 cfs each. Page OP-25, Table 4.2 states the same water
needs as 100 cfs each. The DNR requests clarification on these recreational flows.
Response: The text has been corrected. The Long Spill Way, as an existing channel
would have flows estimated at 100 cfs. The Pavilion run, not existing, can be made
not as wide and thus it is estimated SO cfs should suffice. The flows are based on
estimates of channel width, depth and velocities.
Page OP-25 contains a water use capacity table. This table presents water needs only
through the year 2020. We recommend that water use should be determined through the
life of the project license, and instream flow recommendations are dependant on this
information.
Response: In response to agency requests, Augusta issued the Augusta Canal Water
Needs Technical Memorandum. The contents of the memorandum are now
included in the Operations Plan (Appendix S-12) Augusta has revised the
Operations Plan to include more information on water needs and flow management.
The previous capacity table has been deleted.
Pages OP-28, 29':, 30, 33, 34, and 35 state the intended use of COE daily declaration flow
rates is to coordi;bate a flow management plan for the Augusta Canal Hydropower
Project. The D"NR recommends use of Southeastern Power Administration (SEP A) daily
declarations for 1. Strom Thurmond Dam over COE daily declarations for J. Strom
Thurmond Dam because SEP A declarations change daily with power needs whereas the
COE declarations simply average the SEP A declarations over a weekly period.
Response: Augusta will utilize daily declarations from SEP A adjusted to account
5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
,I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
for inflows from the intervening drainage area between Thurmond Dam and the
ADD. The method for adjusting the SEPA declaration is described in the
Operations Plan. Please see the revised Canal Operations Plan (Appendix S-12) and
the revised License Application for more detail.
Page OP-3D states low-flow protective threshold rates have been established for each
biological season and are reflective of drought conditions. We are not aware of any
specified low-flow protective threshold rates, and we request clarification on this matter.
Response: The information has been clarified in the revised Application. Augusta
has clarified its flow management plan, which includes flow thresholds for the
Augusta Shoals in its revised License Application.
Resource Reports
Fisheries Resources Report
Page 2-9 states brown trout are in the Savannah River. Brown trout were stocked in the
Augusta Canal and shoals in 1997 by the GADNR. The trout did not contribute
significantly to the fishery. There is no evidence oftrout in the canal or shoals since
November 1997. The statement pertaining to brown trout in the Savannah River should
be deleted.
Response: Augusta acknowledges the likelihood that brown trout are not currently
a significant part of the fisheries community of the Augusta Shoals.
Pages 2-11, 2-18, 3-1, and 3-7 state shortnose sturgeon are not known to occur
immediately downstream of the NSBLD. However, recent sampling efforts by South
Carolina Department of Natural Resources (Chris Thomason, personal communication)
and Clemson University (JeffIsely, personal communication) in 2002 documented the
presence of short nose sturgeon at the base of the NSBLD. The statement regarding the
shortnose sturgeon immediately downstream of the NSBLD should be changed to reflect
the current known distribution'.
Response: Aug1;1sta acknowledges that shortnose sturgeon are known to occur
immediately downstream of NSBL&D. The Rare and Protected Species Resource
Report, which was published after the Fisberies report, reflected the new
information th~it shortnose sturgeon were know to occur immediately downstream
of New Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam.
Page 3-7 (and paige 2-18 of Rare and Protected Species Report) state the reduced flows in
the Augusta sho~a1S likely have little or no effect on aquatic biota occurring there in most
months, but coul~d have increased effects quriQg low flow conditions that may occur in
summer of fall. 'The report provides no justification for this statement. In fact, low flow
conditions do occur in all seasons (based on Stevens Creek Electric and Gas and Augusta
Canal discharge data). The referenced statement should be supported with
documentation or deleted from the report.
6
I
I
I
I
-I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Response: Augusta concurs that low flow conditions may occur in any season.
Page 3-7 states recommendations regarding enhancements of flows in the shoals will be
included in the SRIFS report. However, the SRIFS report provides no such
recommendations. The referenced statement should be deleted from the report.
Response: Augusta acknowledges that the SRIFS report did not include flow
recommendations. This was at the request of the resource agencies. Augusta's
proposal regarding in stream flows is included in the revised License Application.
Savannah River Instream Flow Study (SRIFS)
The SRIFS report documents flow habitat relationships for fish and recreation, and is a
valuable tool for examining flow needs in the Augusta shoals. It is our opinion that the
SRIFS study was well conducted with adequate input from resource agencies. Also, the
fish passage flow and the navigation criteria used in the study are based on South
Carolina recommendations.
Page 2-6 states flow conditions from 1989 through 2001 most closely represent the
existing flow conditions in the Augusta shoals, and those most likely to occur over the
next decade. The DNR does not agree with the conclusion drawn because the time period
referenced included three-four years of the most severe drought on record.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from
USGS gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response document.
The summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28, 2003, and
titled "Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
Page 6-2 states Savannah River striped bass spawn in estuarine habitat. While that
statement is true, striped bass utilize the Augusta area for spawning, as a thermal refuge,
and for feeding.
Response: Augusta concurs that some striped bass spawning may occur in the
Augusta area, but research (Wallin and Van Den Avyle 1995) has indicated that
almost all spawping occurs near the estuary. Striped bass spawning was modeled in
the SRIFS (see Figure 5-5), which addresses part of GDNR's concern. Augusta also
agrees that the 4\ugusta area provides important feeding areas and thermal refuge
for striped bass as described on page 2-16 of the Fisheries Resource Report.
Page 6-2 states t~e goal of the upstream fish passage evaluation was to determine the
approximate range oflow flows that will support upstream movement of migratory
anadromous fishes through the Augusta shoals. The words "range of low" should be
omitted from the statement because we are targeting a flow that will meet the goal of fish
passage. Also, the intent of the goal is to provide for downstream as well as upstream
passage.
7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Response: Augusta contends that fish passage occurs over a wide flow range. At
lower flows, passage may become more difficult, especially for certain species. At
some low flows, passage may cease.
Augusta has characterized the flows at which fish passage is unconstrained, flows at
which larger species may pass with some difficulty, and flows at which smaller
species may pass with some difficulty. There is no single minimum passage flow for
the Augusta Shoals and its fish species.
Successful fish passage is not represented by one exact level of flow. There is a wide
range of flows over which fish passage can occur, and Augusta has fully
characterized that range.
Page 8-9 states flow in the Augusta shoals never dropped below 1000 cfs during the
1999-2001 drought years. This statement is based on data from the inaccurate USGS
gauge # 02196484 and is in error! Documentation provided by the Georgia Department
of Wildlife Resources (GADNR), and confirmed by Augusta, revealed that flows well
below 1000 cfs occurred in the shoals.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from
USGS gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response document.
The summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28, 2003, and
titled "Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
Fish Passage and Protection Report
In general, we concur and support the recommendations offered by the USFWS in their
letter dated June 6, 2002, and in the draft license response. In addition to those
recommendations, we offer the following comments:
Page I -2, Introduction, Agency Involvement. Temperature and dissolved oxygen
concerns raised in a resource agency coordination meeting were referenced. It should be
noted that the di~solved oxygen concerns at Strom Thurmond Reservoir are being
addressed by th~USCOE, and preliminary results from turbine venting are very
promising. AlsO;~ the initial concerns with temperature have been further investigated and
may not be a prqblem or significant concern relative to ,fish passage.
i
j
,
Response: Aug.lIsta bas.indi~ated the USACE is in the process of trying to improve
,
DO concentratiii:msbelow Thurmond Dam (see page 2-11 of the Fisheries Resource
Report). As st~~ed above, Augus'ta has, recommended the following condition apply
to water qualitY as a basis for fish passage at the ADD: "The GDNR notify Augusta
in writing that (be water quality in the Savannah River between Thurmond Dam
and the ADD is suitable for passage of fisheries into that area." The stated
condition would apply to water temperature.
8
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Page 1-3, last paragraph. Dorsoma spp. is noted as an agreed target species. Gizzard
shad are not a targets species and hickory shad do not belong to the Dorsoma genera. The
sentence containing "...shortnose sturgeon is not present in the Augusta CanaL.." should
be changed to reflect that these fish may well be in the canal, but just not documented. A
number of shortnose were collected this year at the base of the NSBLD, approximately
20 river miles downstream.
Response: Augusta acknowledges the error that hickory shad is in the genus Alosa,
not Dorosoma. The scientific name of hickory shad is correctly represented in Table
3-1 of the Fish Passage and Protection Plan. The agencies listed "other riverine
species present" as target species in their "Elements of Consensus Relative to
Development of a Fish Restoration Plan for the Mid-Savannah River" provided to
Augusta on July 11, 2001 (see Appendix A of the Fish Passage and Protection Plan).
The term "other riverine species"-could include gizzard shad, but in any event the
inclusion of gizzard shad as a target species had no appreciable effect upon the
evaluation presented in the report. There is no evidence known to Augusta to
indicate that shortnose sturgeon are in the Augusta Canal or have access to the
Augusta Canal.
Robust redhorse should be added to the target species list.
Response: Robust redhorse was not included in the original list of target species (or
the study report) at the specific request of the GDNR. Augusta is considering
inclusion of robust redhorse into any future plans or designs for upstream fish
passage facilities based on input from all of the resource agencies and anticipates
that robust redhorse will be a target species for fish passage. However, there
currently is no information or experience with this species regarding its use of
fish ways.
Shoreline Management Plan
The report provides a good description of recreational facilities and current land
management within and adjacent to the project area, and we believe the report is adequate
to allow us to address those needs.
However, we have concerns about the project boundary determination. A major concern
is the exclusion of the bypassed Savannah River reach. The operation of the canal has
major impacts om flows in the bypass reach. Consequently, the cultural, wildlife and
fisheries, recreational and aesthetic values can be adversely impacted. The Savannah
River shoals cwtently harbor a population of Rocky Shoals Spider Lilies (state
threatened, fede~al concern) as well as provide habitat for a number of anadromous fish
species. When fish passage is established at the New Savannah Bluffs lock and dam, the
shoals will likely provide habitat for shortnose sturgeon (federal endangered) as well.
9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The Savannah Shoals shoreline and islands are also important resources that should be
included in the project. A large portion ofthe shoreline is currently undeveloped and
provides water quality functions, scenic vistas, habitat for wildlife and rare species such
as the relict trillium (federal endangered), and recreational opportunities. Where feasible,
we recommend that a 200'shoreline buffer be included in the project boundary where
other forms of shoreline protection do not currently exist. On the South Carolina side,
this should include most of the shoreline extending from the Stevens Creek Dam to
developed areas of North Augusta. This includes the north shore of the Augusta
Diversion Dam (ADD) impoundment where the buffer would be measured from the
158.5-foot elevation contour.
Response: The ACHP occurs within and adjacent to lands that fall under the
jurisdiction of a variety of governmental entities involved with planning and
management of land use. Federal, state, and local governments are involved with
land management'resource issues, and each level of government influences land
development and management through implementation of a number of laws and
regulations. In addition, the Augusta Canal Authority (ACA), a local independent
entity created by the Georgia General Assembly and charged with management of
the lands surrounding the Augusta Canal, actively participates in planning activities
within the project boundary.
The practical result of the ACHP's location in this setting is that land use planning
and management is already generally well developed via existing programs that
were developed with substantial public input and representation. Lands within and
immediately adjacent to the ACHP boundary are consequently already managed for
a wide range of resource uses, including recreation, natural resource protection,
cultural resource management, residential development, and industry. These
programs have resulted in effective balancing and management of land use and
resource protection in the project area to date. The ACA is also implementing a
series of resource enhancements that will increase recreational use of lands
bordering the project in the future and ensure preservation of the natural/historic
setting and character of the area.
The ACHP is already well integrated into existing plans and land uses developed
under the purview of managing entities with public input. Augusta proposes to
..
manage the pto~'ect lands consistent witf:t these plans and uses in the future and
continued enga~.ement in existing land management programs. Existing land use
patterns and l7esitrictions provide an adequate buffer zone around the project
boundary and preserve public access. Augusta therefore proposes no further
shoreline development measures or buffer zone provisions at this time. Existing
zoning and developmental restrictions (see Exhibit E, section 6 for more detail
regarding restrictions) will also ensure that any project works will blend
aesthetically with the surrounding natural and historic setting of the ACHP project
area.
18CFR4.51(h)(2) require the project boundary enclose only those lands necessary
for operation ans maintenance of the project and for other project purposes. There
10
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
are no project purposes that would necessitate inclusion of the shoals nor islands
downstream of the dam. The shoreline of the shoals in South Carolina is private
property. License conditions usually address flow management downstream of
projects and are sufficient protection for the shoals. Recreation and land
management are addressed by a separate State of Georgia created entity, the
Augusta Canal Authority. The areas in questions are already protected by a myriad
of federal, state and local laws discussed and identified in Exhibit E. Local land use
management already has a GIS based system where mapping contains the Augusta
Canal and adjacent properties, including the Augusta Shoals and islands. Within
the GIS system, a land use classification system already exists.
The bypassed Savannah River reach and the ADD impoundment contain a number of
undeveloped islands. These islands provide many of the same functions and values
provided by shoreline areas, therefore, we recommend these areas be included in the
project and classified as Natural Areas excluded from development.
Response: The islands between the ADD and the downstream end of the Augusta
Shoals are owned by Augusta and are protected under a conservation easement in
the Augusta Greenspace Program. Stallings Island, the largest island in the ADD
Impoundment is owned and protected from development by the Archeological
Conservancy. Additionally, Stallings Island and the other islands in the ADD
Impoundment are subject to the Columbia County Savannah River Corridor
Protection Plan ordinance that includes requirements for a 100-foot natural
vegetative buffer from the banks of the Savannah River and restricts permitted land
uses within the buffer. Augusta therefore proposes no further shoreline
development measures or buffer zone provisions at this time. See Exhibit E, section
6 of the amended license application for more detail regarding relevant land
protection ordinances.
In accordance with 18CFR4.41(h)(2) and 4.51(h)(2) of the Federal Power Act, the project
boundary map should include "lands necessary for the operation and maintenance of the
project and for other project purposes, such as recreation, shoreline control, or protection
of environmental resources. We recommend that the project map is updated to clearly
show the project boundary (Exhibit G). A 200' buffer zone would ensure that the buffers
are "of sufficient width to allow public access to project lands and waters and to protect
the scenic, public recreational, cultural, and other environmental values of the shoreline"
18CFR4.41(f)(7)(iii).
Response: 18CFR4.41(h)(2) is not applicable to this project. 18CFR4.51(h)(2)
requires the prqject boundary enclose only those lands necessary for operation and
maintenance of:the project and for other project purposes. There are no project
purposes that would ne.cessitate ii:nc1usion of the :shoals nor islands downstream of
the dam. The shoreline of the shoals in South Carolina is private property. License
conditions usually address flow management downstream of projects and are
sufficient protection for the shoals. Recreation and land management are addressed
by a separate State of Georgia created entity, the Augusta Canal Authority. The
11
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
areas in questions are already protected by a myriad of federal, state and local laws
discussed and identified in Exhibit E. Local land use management already has a
GIS based system where mapping contains the Augusta Canal and adjacent
properties, including the Augusta Shoals and islands. Within the GIS system, a
land use classification system already exists.
Once a project boundary map (Exhibit G) has been completed, a shoreline management
plan (SMP) should be developed. An important element in the SMP is to identify land
usage through a classification system similar to, but more detailed than the one described
on page 3-4 in the document. Land use should be mapped to include residential,
commercial, recreational and natural area categories. The newly mapped units should be
assigned specific management prescriptions. Both the project boundary map and the
shoreline management map should be GIS compatible.
Response: An Exhibit G is included in the Application. As outlined above,
shoreline management is already accomplished by existing regulations and
ordinances. Augusta therefore proposes no further shoreline development measures
or buffer zone provisions at this time. Land use in the project vicinity is already
mapped in GIS format as presented in Figures 3-2 and 3-3 of the Recreation, Land
Management, and Aesthetics Resource report.
A minor concern with the land management document is that the authors repeatedly state
that Augusta prohibits use of the ADD impoundment. We do not understand how
Augusta can prohibit the use of public waters. We recommend the document be changed
to say that Augusta does not provide access to the ADD impoundment and discourages
the use of the impoundment for safety reasons.
Response: Augusta will make clear in the revised License Application that the City
will not provide public access to the ADD Impoundment and will discourage public
use of the ADD Impoundment waters for safety reasons.
Other reports
The Wildlife and Botanical, Rare and Endangered Species, Water Use and Quality, and
Cultural Resources reports are well written and provide factual information in sufficient
detail to meet D'NR needs. No specific comments or additional informational need~ for
those reports have been identified at the present time.
,
Additional informational needs
Based on our comments to the draft license and the resource reports, we recommend that
the following additional information needs be provided:
Table 4:2 in the Operations Plan should be updated to reflect water use through the
license period instead of2020.
Response: The Operations Plan has been revised to reflect water use through 2035.
12
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Section 8 of the SRlFIS presents an analysis of the historical frequency of occurrence of
habitat or passage conditions. Since this relationship relies on data obtained from the
inaccurate USGS gauge # 02196484, we do not agree with the conclusions presented. We
recommend that Section 8 should be edited or re-written as needed to reflect accurate
flow data.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from
USGS gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response document.
The summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28, 2003, and
titled "Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
A flow data set is needed that accurately represents flow through the project for an
adequate period of record and that is acceptable to the resource agencies.
Flow duration curves should be generated from the flow data.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from
USGS gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response document.
The summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28,2003, and
titled "Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
An updated Project Boundary Map and a Shoreline Management Plan should be
developed for the project.
Response: An Exhibit G is included in the Application. As outlined above, shoreline
management is already accomplished by existing regulations and ordinances.
Augusta therefore proposes no further shoreline development measures or buffer
zone provisions at this time.
Feasible measures to avoid, minimize, and/or compensate for entrainment of fishes
should be explored in the final license application. This should include trashrack screens
at the Canal headgates to exclude downstream migrants from the Canal. If no feasible
measures are av:ailable to avoid or minimize fish entrainment, compensation measures
should be required as license conditions.
Response: Augiusta proposes two actions to minimize entrainment of fishes from the
Augusta Canal! into the Augusta RWPS intakes:
. Augusta will install bar screens with openings of one inch at the new RWPS
"
sluices to a\idin exiCIusion offishes from the hydropower intakes. This action
will prevedt entrainment of all butthesmallest fishes, which typically have high
levels of survival in passing through the turbines,
. Augusta will design its new sluices to be able to accommodate a louver system in
the future. The louver system in the RWPS sluices would be installed after
passage of shortnose sturgeon upstream of the ADD has been documented.
13
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The DNR looks forward to further coordination with the City of Augusta to resolve the
outstanding issues associated with the licensing of the Augusta Canal Hydropower
Project. If you desire a meeting with DNR personnel to discuss these issues, please
provide me with tentative dates so I can assure adequate participation. Also, I will need
an agenda at least fifteen days prior to the meeting date. If you need additional assistance
or have questions, feel free to contact me at (803) 289-7022.
Sincerely,
Richard W. Christie
Richard W. Christie
SCDNR
FERC Coordinator, Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries
cc: Mr. Ed Duncan, Ms. Amanda Hill, Mr. Ed Bettross
14
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Literature Cited
Wallin, J. and M.J. Van Den Avyle. 1995. Annual Trends and Spatial patterns of Striped
Bass Egg Abundance in the Savannah River. University of Georgia, Georgia
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Federal Aid Project F-52, Athens,
Georgia.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2003. Personal communication with Mr. Jason Ward,
USACE-Savannah District on May 1, 2003.
15
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Development of a Revised Flow Record for the Savannah River
Introduction
The purpose of this technical memorandum is to document the development of an agreed
upon flow record for use in the licensing process for the Augusta Canal Hydropower
Project (ACHP). During the licensing process, Augusta and the resource agencies
determined that U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) flow data (USGS No. 02196484) that
had been used for some analyses was of insufficient quality for those purposes. Augusta
acted to develop a revised flow record for project use in consultation with the agencies.
The revised flow record was deemed as suitable by the agencies and was subsequently
used for various analyses and in instream flow discussions.
Back2round
Stream flow data initially used during licensing activities for the ACHP were based in
large part on records obtained from the USGS gauge for the Savannah River near North
Augusta (USGS No. 02196484). Gauge No. 02196484 represents the only available
source of data for direct measurement of historic stream flows within the reach of the
Savannah River bypassed by the Augusta Canal, commonly referred to as the Augusta
Shoals.
The USGS (2000) rates the accuracy of gauge No. 02196484 as poor at stream flows
below 5,000 cfs due to the difficulty associated with obtaining accurate stream flow
measurements in this hydraulically complex section of river, which contains low head
dams and rocky shoals. During the Savannah River Instream Flow Study (SRIFS),
ENTRIX coordinated and shared stream flow measurements collected in the field with
the USGS in efforts to ensure accurate estimates of stream flows. However, during the
SRIFS, ENTRIX relied primarily on its own field measurements for flows less that 5,000
cfs.
The issues regarding the poor quality of data provided by USGS gauge No. 02196484
were discussed in an ACHP licensing meeting with the resource agencies held in October
2002. Augusta concurred with the concerns about the flow data from USGS gauge No.
02196484, initiated actions to investigate the apparent discrepancies, and began
development of a revised flow record. There was no contention between the resource
agencies and Augusta regarding the need for a revised flow record.
Effects on Proj,ect-related Reports and Studies
The flow data from the USGS gauge No. 02196484 was presented in various reports
during the licensing consultation process including the initial consultation package,
license application, the Water Use and Quality Resource Report, and the SRIFS Resource
Report. A revis:ed flow record (see Development of a Revised Flow Record, below) will
be substituted f(j)r the data from gauge No. 02196484 in the revised license application.
The two resourde reports, which would be included as appendices to the revised license
application, contain addendums alerting the reader to the flow gauging issues.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
16
May 28, 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Development of a Revised Flow Record for the Savannah River
The underlying data supporting the habitat to flow relationships modeled in the SRIFS
are unaffected by the apparent inaccuracy of gauge No. 02196484. The flow-to-habitat
modeling presented in the SRlFS relied upon field measurements of stream flow
collected during the SRlFS field surveys and are valid. These valid flow-to-habitat
relationships have been the driver for instream flow considerations for both the resource
agencies and Augusta during the licensing and consultation phases of this project.
The analyses of hourly flow data in the Augusta Shoals and habitat duration analyses
presented in Section 8 and Appendices F, G, and H of the SRIFS report are affected by
potential inaccuracies of gauge No. 02196484. The information contained in these
sections, which have not been the basis for in stream flow discussions by either the
resource agencies or Augusta, are clearly identified in the SRlFS addendum as
preliminary and subject to change.
Development of a Revised Flow Record
Augusta developed a revised flow data set for the Savannah River in close consultation
with the resource agencies. Augusta used the daily average flow record for the Savannah
River at Augusta (USGS gauge No. 02197000) as the base data set and then adjusted the
data to account for intervening inflow that would occur between the ADD and gauge No.
02197000 to produce a calculated daily average flow record for the Savannah River at the
ADD for the years 1955 to 2000 (46 years). Thum10nd Reservoir completed filling and
achieved final full pool in 1954 (USACE 2003), so Augusta included data starting in
1955. The last full calendar year for which final flow data for gauge No. 02197000 was
available from the USGS was 2000. The resource agencies approved the methods for this
data set conversion in advance. Additionally, a revised flow record for the Augusta
Shoals (daily average flows for 1955 to 2000) was produced by using the calculated
Savannah River at ADD data set and subtracting daily Augusta Canal flows (actual or
estimated). The calculated data sets and duration curves were provided to the resource
agencies in March 2003 and they indicated that the calculated flow records were suitable
to meet their needs in a ACHP meeting held in April 2003. The Duration curves included
in the revised Application Exhibit B are based on the revised flow record.
Analvses Performed with the Calculated Flow Records
The revised flow record for the Savannah River at the ADD has been used by Augusta
and the resource agencies in all continued licensing activities and instream flow
discussions sinc~ March 2003. These uses include modeling of Canal effects and
Augusta ShoalsJtlow patterns based on various aquatic base flow levels and tiers,
development of~ow statistics and duration curves for inclusion in the revised license
application, instteam flow technical memorandums prepared by Augusta for the agencies,
and development of instream flow recommendations by both Augusta and the resource
agenCIes.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
17
May 28, 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Development of a Revised Flow Record for the Savannah River
Conclusion
Augusta acted to rectify apparent inaccuracy in flow data published by the USGS upon
recognition that the published data was unacceptable for the purposes of the licensing
process. Augusta and the resource agencies agreed that the potential inaccuracy
hampered ongoing analyses and discussions regarding flow issues and worked together to
develop mutually agreed-upon flow records for the Savannah River that satisfied Project-
related flow data requirements.
Literature Cited
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2003. Personal communication with Stan Simpson,
February 25, 2003.
U.S. Geological Survey. 2000. Water resources-South Carolina, water year 2000.
Volume I. USGS-WDR-SC-99-1. Columbia, Sc.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
18
May 28, 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Note: This document contains comments from the National Marine Fisheries Service
(NMFS) regarding the Draft Application for a New License for the Augusta Canal
Hydropower Project (ACHP). Augusta's responses to these comments are inserted below
in bold font.
The agencies provided some comments regarding specific content of the ACHP resource
reports. Multiple copies of final versions of the resource reports have already been
distributed to the agencies and other parties. Rather than edit and re-distribute the
resource reports, which could lead to some confusion regarding the different versions,
Augusta has provided responses to the comments below.
Charleston Area Office
Habitat Conservation Division
219 Fort Johnson Road
Charleston, South Carolina 29412-9110
January 29,2003
Mr. Jorge E. Jiminez, P.E.
Project Liason
c/o Zel Engineers
435 Telfair Street
Augusta, Georgia 30901-2494
Dear Mr. Jimenez:
The U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA Fisheries) has
reviewed the draft application for a new license for the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project (P-
11810) (Project), an existing project located on the Savannah River, in Richmond County,
Georgia; and Edgefield and Aiken Counties, South Carolina. The draft application was provided
with your letter dated November 1, 2002. The Project is operating under a Preliminary Permit
issued by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on February 4, 2000.
i
NOAA Fisheries has statutory responsibility for the protection and enhancement ofliving marine
resources, inc1udingdiadromous fish and their supporting habitats pursuant to the Endangered
Species Act, (ESA)~ 16 U.S.c. 1531 et seq., Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and
Management Act (MSA), 16 U.S.C. 1801 etseq., Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, (FWCA),
16 U.S.c. 661 et s~q., ReQrganization Plan No 4 of 1970, 84 Stat. 2090, and the National
Environmental Policy Act, (NEP A), 42 U.S.c. 4321 et seq.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
INTRODUCTION
The Savannah River basin supports a number of diadromous species under NOAA
Fisheries' management responsibility. Savannah Basin diadromous species of federal and state
management interest include American shad (Alosa sapidissima), blueback herring (A.
aestivalis), hickory shad (A. mediocris), American eel (Anguilla rostrata), striped bass (Morone
saxatilis), Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus), and the federally listed Endangered
shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum). The Project and operation, in combination with
other projects upstream, has negatively affected these species by presenting a complete barrier to
passage to and from spawning and maturation areas, and by altering instream flows in the
Augusta shoals below the Augusta Diversion Dam. Some of these effects will continue through
the life of the new license.
The Augusta Diversion Dam and canal has an interesting history and has played important roles
in early river navigation and hydro mechanical power for 19th century industrial developments at
Augusta. When constructed in the 1840's at river mile 207 as a partial dam across the Augusta
Shoals, Savannah fisheries were among the most productive on the Atlantic coast. Large annual
spawning runs of American shad and herring migrated to the Savannah headwaters over 380
miles from the sea, and provided important fisheries and key components of the early American
economy. When the Augusta Diversion Dam was repaired in the early 1880's, it was extended to
block the full width of the Savannah River, and a fishway was constructed in a futile attempt to
sustain upstream passage of the valuable shad runs. The fishway did not pass fish, and the large
spawning runs gradually diminished to levels sustained by spawning habitats accessible below
the Diversion Dam in the remaining section of the Augusta shoals, and in less suitable habitat
downstream. Fortunately, excellent opportunities exist to restore adequate instream flows in the
Augusta shoals, and to provide access through fish passage to vital remaining habitats upstream
from the Diversion Dam.
Resource Protection Goals of NOAA Fisheries
NOAA Fisheries' primary and general goal, with respect to the relicensing of the Project and
fishery resources of the Savannah Basin, is to promote protection, management, and restoration
of self sustaining diadromous fish populations to fully utilize available habitat and production
capability, to restore species diversity, and to sustain viable fisheries. Diadromous species of
special interest, as previously noted, include but are not limited to American shad, herring and
other alosids, striped bass, American eel, Atlantic sturgeon, and the federally listed endangered
shortnose sturgeon. The Savannah River is presently the focus of promising interagency efforts
to restore and protef::t fishery resources. The state and federal resource agencies have prepared
an interim plan fOT ~estoration of diadromous fishery resources focusing on American shad. The
plan, titled: "Eleme.llits of Consensus on American Shad Management in the Stretch of Savannah
River Between Strom Thurmond Dam and Augusta" is a comprehensive plan accepted by the
Federal Energy Reghlatory Commission.
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A vailable information suggests that a restored American shad population in the Savannah Basin
will provide significant economic benefits. Although an economic analysis has not been
completed for the Savannah Basin, studies in other similar basins such as the Susquehanna (St.
Pierre 20021) indicate average annual economic benefits of the riverine recreational shad
fishery alone at $25-$37 million. Although unquantified in economic terms, the forage base
provided by shad and other alosid species supports (or limits, if depressed in numbers) extremely
valuable marine commercial and recreational fisheries of the Atlantic coast.
The specific goals of NOAA Fisheries for the Savannah Basin include:
$ Conserve Species. Avoid further declines and/or extinction and foster long-term
survival and recovery of Roanoke Basin American shad, herring, striped bass, American eel,
Atlantic sturgeon, and shortnose sturgeon.
$ Conserve Riverine, Estuarine, and Marine Ecosystems. Conserve the riverine
ecosystem and the vital link to marine ecosystem health provided by diadromous species.
$ Balance the Life Cycle Needs of Other Species. Ensure that diadromous fish
conservation measures are balanced with the management and conservation needs of other
native fish and wildlife species.
$ Support Sustainable Recreational and Commercial Fisheries. Provide for adequate
fish passage and access to essential habitats to support a sustainable shad and herring fishery,
the contribution of alosid species to sustainable fisheries for other species, and a healthy
estuarine and marine ecosystem.
GENERAL COMMENTS
The draft application presents extensive information resulting from the licensing studies
completed to the present date, and provides adequate information for development of NOAA
Fisheries' terms, conditions, and recommendations under Sections 18 and IOU) of the Federal
Power Act. Comments on specific sections of the study reports are provided below for
clarification, and to further develop the information base for the final license application.
NOAA Fisheries has actively participated in relicensing meetings and studies during the
licensing process since its inception. At the request of NOAA Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, the Georgia and South Carolina state resource agencies, and other stakeholders, a
number of studies pave been completed. Key studies include a fish passage study, and an
instream flow study,j employing the Instream Flow Incremental Method (IFIM). Further efforts
are needed to complete the fish passage plan for the Project. As noted in our specific comments
on the Instream Flow Study Report, recent discovery of relatively large inaccuracies in the flow
1 Hendricks, M.L, and R.A. St. Pierre. 2002. Alosid management and restoration plan for the
'1,
Susquehanna River Basin. P A Fish and Boat Commission, State College, P A.
3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
gauge data for the Savannah River USGS gauge # 0296484 (North Augusta) have delayed
development of stakeholder consensus on adequate instream flows for the Augusta shoals, and
distribution of adequate flows for the Augusta Canal water users. Resolution of instream flows
cannot be completed until the river flow gauging issues and their influence on the instream flow
study results (including canal flow distribution) are resolved. NOAA Fisheries strongly
recommends that preparation of a final license application be delayed until the fish passage and
instream flow plans can be further developed and completed, to the extent possible, through
stakeholder consensus.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from USGS
gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response document. The
summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28,2003, and titled
"Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
The Application for License was submitted in January 2003 in accordance with FERC's
required schedule. However, Au:gusta is revising the license application in response to
agency comments at the time thalt this response is being prepared. Augusta is also
continuing to consult with NMFS and the other agencies regarding instream flow and fish
passage issues.
4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
SPECIFIC COMMENTS
Draft License Application
E.3.3.
Exhibit E. Applicants Proposal.
The statement at the second bullet, "...passage for the fisheries has been established at the upstream
facility at Steven's Creek Dam" i::; incorrect. During relicensing of the Stevens Creek Project it was
determined by FERC that upstream fish passage at Stevens Creek Dam is to be provided following
implementation of fish passage facilities at the Augusta Diversion Dam.
Response: Augusta has revised its recommended timing for installation of upstream fish passage
facilities at the ADD as follows:
. After the completion and suc<:essful operation of the proposed new fish passage facilities at
NSBL&D. The facilities proposed by the USACE in consultation with the resource agencies
include a fish passage channell with naturalistic pools located adjacent to NSBL&D in South
Carolina. The NSBL&D is 101~ated approximately 20 river miles downstream of the ADD,
· The USFWS or NMFS notifie:s Augusta in writing that the amount of habitat in the Augusta
Shoals (and areas downstream) is not sufficient to support fisheries in the Savannah River
(including the supporting rationale), thereby requiring passage to additional habitats above
the ADD, and
· The GDNR notifies Augusta in writing that the water quality in the Savannah River between
Thurmond Dam and the ADD is suitable for passage of fisheries into that area.
Proposed implementation schedules for upstream and downstream fish passage facilities are
estimated in Section 2 (Report Oil Fish, Wildlife, and Botanical Resources) of the revised license
application.
E.2.5.
Minimum Flows.
This section contain$ an inaccurate depiction of the importance of the Augusta shoals to maintenance of
fishery resources in. the Savannah River, the level of protection provided by the licensee's proposed
instream flow plan,.: and the objectives of NOAA Fisheries and the resource agencies. The present
I
sentences referred to are: "...the measures proposed in the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
Operations Plan will protect AND enhance fisheries conditions to a level unprecedented in the history of
the Augusta Shoals. iHowever, the four and one halfmile of Augusta Shoals cannot replace two hundred
miles of upstream riverine habitat eliminated by the construction offour upstream dams during the past
seventy years. The proposed plan will provide consistently suitable habitats for fisheries beyond what
nature alone provided in the bypass reach. "
5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Response: The text indicated above has been deleted, and the Application has been appropriately
revised.
The reach of the Savannah River between Clark's Hill Dam and Augusta, including the Augusta Shoals
below the Diversion Dam, is the last remaining zone of critical rapids complex habitat potentially
accessible to spawning anadromous fish remaining on the mainstem river. Additional habitats exist on
major tributaries including Stevens, Uchee, and Kiokee Creeks. "Rapids complex" refers to higher
gradient zones containing bedrock ledges, boulders, cobble-gravel, and coarse sand substrates that
provide essential habitat for anadromous fish spawning and early life stage development. NOAA
Fisheries and partner resource agencies consider those habitats to be vital for maintenance, protection,
and enhancement of diadromous and resident fish populations in the Savannah River. The ranges of
instream flows in the bypassed reach of the Augusta Shoals under consideration are far less than historic
spawning season flows. It is true that operation of upstream dams has resulted in higher average
summer flow regimes at the Augusta Dam compared with historic unregulated flows prior to flood
control dam construction. NOAA Fisheries is confident that adequate instream flows for fishery
resources in the Savannah River and canal water users can be achieved through consensus on the
Augusta Project.
Response: Augusta concurs that Ithe Augusta Shoals represent habitats unique in the mainstem of
the Savannah River that are important to a variety of species including diadromous fishes.
Fishery Resources Report
Section 2.3Fishery Management and Status of Key Species
Based on recent more intensive fishery population monitoring, shortnose and Atlantic sturgeon are
known to migrate upstream to the Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam (SBLD) in significant numbers on a
seasonal basis (Collins 2003; Iseley 2002, personal communication2).
Response: Augusta ,acknowledged that shortnose sturgeon are known to occur immediately
~ '
downstream of NSSL&D. The Rare and Protected Species Resource Report, which was published
after the Fisheries r~port, reflectedl the new information that shortnose sturgeon were know to
occur immediately downstream of New Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam. Augusta requests that
2 Iseley, J. 2002. Personal communication. South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Clemson
University, December, 20'02.
Collins, M. 2003. Personal communication. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, January 2003.
6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
personal communication referenced be accompanied by copies of properly credited written
reports supporting the assertions.
Section 3.1Fish Passage
Supplementary comments. The past condition of low dissolved oxygen in waters released from the
Clark's Hill Dam (Thurmond Dam in South Carolina) is being addressed through installation of
aspirating turbines by the U.S. Anny Corps of Engineers, scheduled to be completed by 2004. As
previously noted, fish passage facilities are in design at the SBLD project, designed to pass the full
range of diadromous and riverine species including Atlantic and shortnose sturgeon by 2005. Mainstem
river and tributary habitats accessible above the Augusta Diversion Dam (Including above the Stevens
Creek Project where fish passage is reserved) is estimated by NOAA Fisheries to be capable of
supporting a conservative numbeJr of 110,500 spawning American shad. An estimated additional
conservative number of 95,000 American shad would be supported by rapids complex habitats below
the Augusta Diversion Dam and above the SBLD Project. The combined basin population target
number is 205,500 American shad. For perspective, it is likely that pre-dam accessible habitats may
have supported numbers approximating 3-5 million shad based on estimates of mainstem river and
tributary habitat area.
Response: Augusta recognizes the actions taken by the USACE to increase dissolved oxygen levels
in the Savannah River below Thurmond Dam (see Fisheries Resource Report, page 2-11) and to
provide new fish passage facilities: at NSBL&D (see Fisheries Resource Report, page 2-12).
Section 3.3. Protected Species.
Supplementary comments. NOAA Fisheries notes that Atlantic and shortnose sturgeon are known to
migrate to the SBLD Project dam. Fish passage facilities for diadromous fishes including sturgeon are
being designed in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and should be operational at the
SBLD as early as 2005. NOAA Fisheries has determined that providing adequate instream flows at the
Augusta Shoals, and fish passage at the Augusta Diversion Dam are important management goals for
diadromous species including shortnose and Atlantic sturgeon.
Response: Augusta!acknowledged that shortnose sturgeon and Atlantic sturgeon are now known
to occur immediately downstream of NSBL&D and that plans for fish passage at NSBL&D have
been initiated. Augusta acknowledges that instream flows and fish passage in relation to sturgeon
in the Augusta Sho*ls will become an important management consideration after successful
passage at NSBL&.Q and migration into the Augusta Shoals.
Savannah River Instream Flow Stludy Report
7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Section 4.2, Page 4-3. Habitat Suitability Criteria Development Process.
The statement in paragraph 3, attributed to Brownwell 2001 "..neither of these species is currently
present in the study area and that the importance of habitats within the Augusta shoals is not known" is
not accurate. At the time, shortnose and Atlantic sturgeon were known to be present in the Savannah
river up to the SBLD dam, and the Augusta shoals were known to be important habitats for future
recovery of sturgeon populations in the Savannah River. Fish passage facilities at the SBLD had not yet
been authorized in summer 2001. (This comment is also applicable to Section 4.5.3. later in the report.)
Response: See response immediately above.
Section 6.1.1 Anadromous Fishes in the Savannah River at Augusta.
The discussion in this section centers on anadromous species. It is important to note that a catadromous
species, the American eel, is also present and is of management importance. Although NOAA Fisheries
has not specifically identified the American eel as a target species for fish passage at this time, it is
likely that this species will benefit from passage improvements installed at the Augusta dam for the
anadromous target species.
Response: Augusta notes that American eel are present and of management importance (see page
2-18 of the Fisheries Resource Report). American eel were also considered in the Fish Passage
and Protection Plan for the ACHP (see Table 3-1). Eels are capable of "climbing" over land to
pass over obstacles and likely can pass the AnD currently.
Paragraph 3 (page 6-2).
The wording in this paragraph suggests that shortnose sturgeon are not thought to migrate as far
upstream as the Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam (SBLD) In fact, and as noted earlier in our comments,
shortnose and Atlantic sturgeon are known to frequently migrate up to the SBLD during spawning
migrations (Iseley, ~002; Collins 2003 personal conununication). Further, the Augusta shoals and
similar rapids comp11ex habitats upstream are considered by NOAA Fisheries to have been the primary
spawning habitats for Atlantic and shortnose sturgeon prior to blockage of migrations by dams. NOAA
Fisheries considers tiMe Augusta shoals above and below the Augusta Diversion Dam to be vital former
spawning habitat fOf!shortnose and Atlantic sturgeon, and important for future recovery of both species.
Response: Augusta~ckDowledged that sbortnose sturgeon and Atlantic sturgeon are now known
to occur immediatel!}' downstream ofNSBL&:O. Augusta acknowledges that instream flows and
fish passage in relation to sturgeon in the Augusta Sho~ds will become an important management
consideration after successful passage at NSBL&D and migration into the Augusta Shoals.
8
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Augusta requests that personal communications referenced be accompanied by copies of properly
credited reports supporting the :llssertions.
Paragraph 4 (page 6-2).
,
Based on historical accounts of the Savannah fishery and comparison to other large river basins of the
Atlantic coast, it is likely that striped bass spawning migrations occurred to extensive rapids complex
spawning habitats in the fall line zone and Piedmont sections of the river above the SBLD prior to
blockage by major dams. Studies during the 80's, and 90's (Mooneyhan and Van Den Avyle 19953)
reported spawning only in the lower river and estuarine zones of the Savannah, and did not reveal
spawning activity in upstream riverine habitats including the Augusta shoals., This apparent
inconsistency in comparison to other major river basins may be the result of study methods or
environmental factors that precluded spawning in upstream riverine habitats during the studies.
Response: Augusta concurs that some striped bass spawning may occur in the Augusta area.
Recent research indicated that almost all spawning occurs near the estuary (Wallin and Van Den
Avyle 1995). Striped bass spawning was modeled in the SRIFS (see Figure 5-5).
Wallin, J. and M.J. Van Den Avylle. 1995. Annual Trends and Spatial patterns of Striped Bass
Egg Abundance in the Savannah River. University of Georgia, Georgia Cooperative Fish
and Wildlife Research Unit, Federal Aid Project F-52, Athens, Georgia.
Section 6.1.2. Study Objectives.
Paragraph 3 (page 6-3).
This paragraph suggests that "There is currently no well-established justification for upstream passage
of these species"(reference to Atlantic and shortnose sturgeon). NOAA Fisheries notes that the Augusta
shoals above and below the Augusta Diversion Dam are regarded as important spawning and maturation
habitats for sturgeon recovery. Passage of shortnose sturgeon at the SBLD and Augusta Dams is
regarded as an important management objective, and is being actively considered as a part of the
ongoing fish passage studies for both dams.
Response: There is1no well-established justification for upstream passage of sturgeon at the ADD
at this time. Augu~ta acknowledg,es that if sturgeon successfully pass at NSBL&D and enter the
3 Mooneyhan, D.M. and MJ. Van Den Avyle. 1995. Distribution and habitat requirements of adult striped bass in
the Savannah River. University of Georgia, Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Athens, Georgia.
9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Augusta Shoals, then Shoals habitats will have increased management importance.
Section 6.3.1. Discussion and Integration, The South Carolina Passage Criteria.
Paragraph 1 (page 6-11).
As previously noted, NOAA Fisheries considers the Augusta shoals area to be important spawning and
maturation habitat for recovery of shortnose sturgeon. Zone of passage flows provided by the South
Carolina Passage Criteria are presently being evaluated by NOAA Fisheries to detern1ine potential
adequacy for passage flows for shortnose sturgeon.
Response: The South Carolina Fish Passage Criteria were included in the SRIFS modeling and
were based on striped bass, but designed to also apply to American shad and sturgeon (see page 4-
4 and Table 4-1 of the SRIFS report).
Fish Passage and Protection Plan
NOAA Fisheries provided comments on the Plan by letter dated June 25, 2002 (Copy enclosed). It is
recommended that efforts be made as soon as possible to further develop alternative upstream and
downstream passage designs, operation plans, and schedule for implementation. Based on existi!1g
information and the Fish Passage and Protection Plan (March 2002), NOAA Fisheries is initiating
preparation and review steps for a preliminary fishway prescription pursuant to Section 18 of the
Federal Power Act.
Response: As of the date of this response, Augusta is continuing to consult with NMFS and the
other resource agencies regarding alternatives for upstream and downstream fish passage.
The NMFS letter dated June 25, 2002 regarding fish passage stated that NMFS concurred with the
comments provided by the USFWS (letter dated June 6, 2002) in their entirety. Augusta has
responded to the U~FWS comments as attached in a separate response. Augusta concurs with the
NMFS that sturgeo)1 have not been documented upstream of NSBL&D and that habitats in the
Augusta Shoals maW become important for sturgeon management should passage occur at
NSBL&D. Shonn~sestu~geon and Atlantic sturgeon were considered in Augusta's evaluation of
fish passage faciliti~.s for the ADD (see Table 3-1 of the Fish Passage and Protection Report).
Augusta has revise~ its recommended timing for installation of upstream fish passage facilities at
the ADD as follows:
. After the cOIi1PI~tio:naod, succt~ssful operation of the proposed new fish passage facilities at
NSBL&D. Therfacilities propCl'sed by the USACE in consultation with the resource agencies
include a fishp~ssage channel with naturalistic pools located adjacent to NSBL&D in South
Carolina. The NSBL&D is located approximately 20 river miles downstream of the ADD,
10
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
· The USFWS or NMFS notifies Augusta in writing that the amount of habitat in the Augusta
Shoals (and areas downstream) is not sufficient to support fisheries in the Savannah River
(including the supporting rationale), thereby requiring passage to additional habitats above
the ADD, and
· The GDNR notifies Augusta Jin writing that the water quality in the Savannah River between
Thurmond Dam and the AD!) is suitable for passage of fisheries into that area.
NOAA Fisheries recognizes the considerable efforts made by the Augusta Canal Authority, City of
Augusta, the canal water users, Ze:l Engineers, and Entrix Corporation in addres,!5ing the many licensing
studies and issues involved in this complex project. We are confident that resolution of water supply,
hydropower, and aquatic resource issues will result from the collaborative approach you have
established for this project.
Please direct related questions or comments to the attention of Mr. Prescott Brownell at the letter head
address, or at (843) 762-8591.
Sincerely,
David H. Rackley
Chief, Charleston Area Office
Habitat Conservation Division
11
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Charleston Area Office
Habitat Conservation Division
219 Fort Johnson Road
Charleston, South Carolina 29412-9110
June 25, 2002
Mr. Jorge Jimenez, P.E.
ZEL Engineers
435 Telfair Street
Augusta, GA 30901-2494
Re: AUGUSTA CANAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT (FERC No. P- 11810-000), Fish Passage
Protection Plan, Comments of the National Marine Fisheries Service.
Dear Mr. Jimenez:
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has reviewed the March, 2002, report prepared
by Alden Laboratories, and has participated in interagency review discussions related to fish
passage strategies for the Augusta Diversion Dam. The Alden report presents an analysis of fish
passage biological considerations, alternative upstream and downstream fishway designs, and
incorporates comments and recommendations made by members of the interagency fishway
design team for the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project (Augusta Project).
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) provided a letter report dated June 6, 2002, following
interagency discussions among the resource agencies and the Licensee. The FWS report
includes technical and editorial recommendations that have been coordinated with NMFS, South
Carolina Department of Natural Resources, and Georgia Department of Natural Resources. The
NMFS supports the FWS comments and recommendations in their entirety. The following
comments and recommendations are provided to supplement and reinforce the recommendations
provided in the FW$ report. Our comments and recommendations have been reviewed by our
Protected Resources Division, and reflect their views with regard to the endangered shortnose
sturgeon.
Response: Please s~e the comments provided by the FWS in their letter dated June 6, 2002
and the responses provided by AUl~usta.
Specific Comments:
12
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Page 1-3. Paragraph 5. In reference to shortnose and Atlantic sturgeon. Although neither
shortnose nor Atlantic sturgeon have been collected and documented above the New Savannah
Bluff Lock & Dam (Savannah Bluff Dam) in recent years, historical information and knowledge
of sturgeon biology establishes the migratory range of the species into the Piedmont
physiographic province of South Carolina and Georgia, well above the Augusta Diversion Dam.
Adults and juveniles of both sturgeon species have been documented to occur recently up to the
Savannah Bluff Dam (Dr. Mark Collins, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources,
personal communication), and an interagency effort to provide passage for diadromous species at
the Lock has been in progress since the early 1990's. Furthermore, during high flow years
passage of diadromous fish through the open radial gates at Savannah Bluff is possible. While
sturgeon passage through these means has not been documented yet, the NMFS has determined
that passage is possible, and in the interest of reasonable and prudent protection and recovery
strategy the presence of sturgeon in the Augusta Shoals below the Augusta Dam is considered
likely.
Response: Augusta acknowledged that shortnose sturgeon are known to occur immediately
downstream of NSBL&D. The Rare and Protected Species Resource Report, which was
published after the Fisheries report, reflected the new information that shortnose sturgeon
were know to occur immediately Irlownstream of New Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam
(NSBL&D). Augusta is not aware of any data or information that indicates that sturgeon
currently pass NSBL&D and occur in the Augusta Shoals below the ADD. Augusta
requests that personal communications referenced be accompanied by copies of properly
credited reports supporting the assertions.
P. 1-4. Paragraph 2. Coordination of Fish Passage at Augusta Dam with Stevens Creek Dam.
During recent years increased focus on sturgeon behavioral and biological research has resulted
in recognition that riverine rocky shoal and pool habitats with cobble-gravel or marl substrates
are vital (and potentially critical) spawning and early life stage maturation habitats for shortnose,
Atlantic, and Gulf sturgeon (Dr. Boyd Kynard, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources
Division, personal communication)!. On the Savannah River, rocky shoal and gravel pool
habitats accessible ~o diadromous fishes are rare, and presently confined to the Augusta Shoals
below the Augusta ~iversion Dam. Based on review of historical and current maps and aerial
photography, such fuabitats were extensive on the Savannah above Augusta, extending to the
upper Piedmont. M~jor dams and impoundments presently block or inundate nearly all (>90%)
of the formerly exte~sive rocky shoal and pool spawning habitats on the Savannah and its major
tributaries. Fortun'ately, approximately 200 acres of rocky shoal, pool, and sand/gravel run
habitat is present b~tween the Augusta and Stevens Creek Dams, and an additional 13 miles
(2,500-3,000 acres) 6f similar accessible habitat exists below the Thurmond Dam. Based on the
preceding, the NMFS considers all reasonably accessible (through fish passage) spawning
habitats to be important for recovery of sturgeon and other migratory fish populations. It is
13
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
important to coordinate fish passage implementation at Augusta, Savannah Bluff, and Stevens
Creek Dams, with the ultimate goal of providing access to diadromous fish spawning and
maturation habitats below Thurmond Dam. However, provision of fish passage at Augusta Dam,
including "sturgeon friendly" design features, should be implemented as soon as possible, and
not delayed to coincide with passage improvements at an unspecified future date at Stevens
Creek.
Response: Augusta does not propose to link timing for fish passage at the ADD to any
activity at Stevens Creek Dam in Augusta's revised license application. Augusta has
revised its proposed timing for installation of upstream fish passage facilities (which would
include provision for sturgeon) alt the ADD as follows:
. After the completion and suc<:essful operation of the proposed new fish passage facilities
at NSBL&D. The facilities proposed by the USACE in consultation with the resource
agencies include a fish passag1e channel with naturalistic pools located adjacent to
NSBL&D in South Carolina. The NSBL&D is located approximately 20 river miles
downstream of the ADD,
. The USFWS or NMFS notifies Augusta in writing that the amount of habitat in the
Augusta Shoals (and areas downstream) is not sufficient to support fisheries in the
Savannah River (including thl~ supporting rationale), thereby requiring passage to
additional habitats abov~ the ADD, and
. The GDNR notifies Augusta in writing that the water quality in the Savannah River
between Thurmond Dam and the ADD is suitable for passage of fisheries into that area.
We appreciate the strong spirit of cooperation and full consideration of natural resources that has
been characteristic of the licensing process for the Augusta Project, and we look forward to
working with you and the licensing team during remaining study phases.
Please direct related questions or comments to the attention of Mr. Prescott Brownell at (843)
762-8591.
Sincerely,
David H. Rackley
Chief, Charleston Field Office
14
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Development of a Revised Flow Record for the Savannah River
Introduction
The purpose of this technical memorandum is to document the development of an agreed
upon flow record for use in the: licensing process for the Augusta Canal Hydropower
Project (ACHP). During the licensing process, Augusta and the resource agencies
determined that U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) flow data (USGS No. 02196484) that
had been used for some analyses was of insufficient quality for those purposes. Augusta
acted to develop a revised flow record for project use in consultation with the agencies.
The revised flow record was deemed as suitable by the agencies and was subsequently
used for various analyses and in instream flow discussions.
Background
Stream flow data initially used during licensing activities for the ACHP were based in
large part on records obtained from the USGS gauge for the Savannah River near North
Augusta (USGS No. 02196484). Gauge No. 02196484 represents the only available
source of data for direct measmement of historic stream flows within the reach ofthe
Savannah River bypassed by the Augusta Canal, commonly referred to as the Augusta
Shoals.
The USGS (2000) rates the accuracy of gauge No. 02196484 as poor at stream flows
below 5,000 cfs due to the difficulty associated with obtaining accurate stream flow
measurements in this hydraulically complex section of river, which contains low head
dams and rocky shoals. During the Savannah River lnstream Flow Study (SRIFS),
ENTRlX coordinated and shared stream flow measurements collected in the field with
the USGS in efforts to ensure accurate estimates of stream flows. However, during the
SRIFS, ENTRlX relied primarily on its own field measurements for flows less that 5,000
cfs.
The issues regarding the poor quality of data provided by USGS gauge No. 02196484
were discussed in an ACHP licensing meeting with the resource agencies held in October
2002. Augusta concurred with the concerns about the flow data from USGS gauge No.
02196484, initiated actions to investigate the apparent discrepancies, and began
development ofa revised flow record. There was no contention between the resource
agencies and Augusta regarding the need for a revised flow record.
Effects on Proi.cct-re.lated Rell10rts and Studies
The flow datafrpm the USGS gauge No. 02196484 was presented in various reports
during the licen~ing consultation process including the initial consultation package,
license application, the Water Use and Quality Resource Report, and the SRIFS Resource
Report. A revis~d flow record (see Development ofa Revised Flow Record, below) will
be substituted fo~ the data from gauge No. 02196484 in the revised license application.
The two resource reports, which would be included as appendices to the revised license
application, contain addendums alerting the reader to the flow gauging issues.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Prc:fect
15
May 28, 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Development of a Revised Flow Record for the Savannah River
The underlying data supporting the habitat to flow relationships modeled in the SRIFS
are unaffected by the apparent inaccuracy of gauge No. 02196484. The flow-to-habitat
modeling presented in the SRIFS relied upon field measurements of stream flow
collected during the SRIFS field surveys and are valid. These valid flow-to-habitat
relationships have been the driver for instream flow considerations for both the resource
agencies and Augusta during the licensing and consultation phases of this project.
The analyses of hourly flow data in the Augusta Shoals and habitat duration analyses
presented in Section 8 and Appendices F, G, and H of the SRIFS report are affected by
potential inaccuracies of gauge No. 02196484. The information contained in these
sections, which have not been the basis for instream flow discussions by either the
resource agencies or Augusta, are clearly identified in the SRfFS addendum as
preliminary and subject to change.
Development of a Revised Flow Record
Augusta developed a revised flow data set for the Savannah River in close consultation
with the resource agencies. Augusta used the daily average flow record for the Savannah
River at Augusta (USGS gauge No. 02197000) as the base data set and then adjusted the
data to account for intervening inflow that would occur between the ADD and gauge No.
02197000 to produce a calculated daily average flow record for the Savannah River at the
ADD for the years 1955 to 2000 (46 years). Thurmond Reservoir completed filling and
achieved final full pool in 1954 (USACE 2003), so Augusta included data starting in
1955. The last full calendar yea.f for which final flow data for gauge No. 02197000 was
available from the USGS was 2000. The resource agencies approved the methods for this
data set conversion in advance. Additionally, a revised flow record for the Augusta
Shoals (daily average flows for 1955 to 2000) was produced by using the calculated
Savannah River at ADD data set and subtracting daily Augusta Canal flows (actual or
estimated). The calculated data sets and duration curves were provided to the resource
agencies in March 2003 and they indicated that the calculated flow records were suitable
to meet their needs in a ACHP meeting held in April 2003. The Duration curves included
in the revised Application Exhibit B are based on the revised flow record.
Analyses Performed with the Calculated Flow Records
The revised flow record for the Savannah River at the ADD has been used by Augusta
and the resource agencies in all continued licensing activities and instream flow
discussions sinc~ March 2003. These uses include modeling of Canal effects and
Augusta Shoals flow patterns based on various aquatic base flow levels and tiers,
development of flow statistics and duration curves for inclusion in the revised license
application, insttjeamflow techniical memorandums prepared by Augusta for the agencies,
and development of instream flow recommendations by both Augusta and the resource
agenCIes.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
16
May 28, 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Development of a Revised Flow Record for the Savannah River
Conclusion
Augusta acted to rectify apparent inaccuracy in flow data published by the USGS upon
recognition that the published data was unacceptable for the purposes of the licensing
process. Augusta and the resource agencies agreed that the potential inaccuracy
hampered ongoing analyses and discussions regarding flow issues and worked together to
develop mutually agreed-upon now records for the Savannah River that satisfied Project-
related flow data requirements.
Literature Cited
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2003. Personal conununication with Stan Simpson,
February 25, 2003.
U.S. Geological Survey. 2000. Water resources-South Carolina, water year 2000.
Volume 1. USGS-WDR-SC-99-1. Columbia, Sc. '
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
17
May 28, 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
176 Croghan Spur Road, Suite 200
Charleston, South Carolina 29407
January 29,2003
Note: This document contains comments from the National Marine Fisheries Service
(NMFS) regarding the Draft Application for a New License for the Augusta Canal
Hydropower Project (ACHP). Augusta's responses to these comments are inserted below
in bold font.
The agencies provided some comments regarding specific content of the ACHP resource
reports. Multiple copies of final versions of the resource reports have already been
distributed to the agencies and oHler parties. Rather than edit and re-distribute the
resource reports, which could lead to some confusion regarding the different versions,
Augusta has provided responses to the comments below.
Mr. Jorge E. Jiminez, r.E.
Project Liaison
c/o ZEL Engineers
435 Telfair Street
Augusta, GA 30901-2494
Re: Draft Application for a New License, Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
(FERC No. 11810), City of Augusta, Savannah River, Richmond County, Georgia
Dear Mr. Jiminez:
As per your November 1, 2002 letter, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has reviewed
the above-referenced draft license application and offers the following comments and
recommendations.
General Comments
The application adequately describes fish and wildlife resources, including threatened and
endangered species, in the project area. The design of fishery and water quality studies included
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
adequate agency consultation, such that the results, with a few exceptions, enable assessment and
formulation of recommendations to protect, mitigate damage to, and enhance fish and wildlife
resources. Fish entrainment studies were based on a paper mortality study which we believe is
somewhat flawed as discussed in our attached letter dated June 6, 2002. Results of an instream
flow study using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (lFIM) to explore minimum flow
requirements in the 4.5 mile long bypassed shoal area below the dam are presented. However, it
has been determined that the USGS gauge # 02196484 (North Augusta) real time estimates,
which measures the flow over the Augusta Diversion Dam, is as much as three to four fold
greater than the actual flow. Data from this gauge has been utilized in the Savannah River
Instream Flow Report, Operations Plan, Draft Application and Initial Consultation Package and
throughout the licensing process. The Service submits that any modeling utilizing this data is
unacceptable. The City of Augusta is exploring the alternative of utilizing the downstream
USGS Butler Creek gauge # 02197000 with adjustments made for additional hydrologic inflow.
The Service looks forward to reviewing such data and information when it is made available.
Response: The letter from the USFWS containing comments on the fish passage and
protection report is appended to this letter and Augusta's responses to the comments are
addressed there.
A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from USGS gauge
#02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response document. The summary is
contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28, 2003, and titled "Development of
an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
The Augusta Shoals are the last example of extensive rocky shoals habitat remaining in the
interstate Savannah River, and also represent one of a limited number of such habitats remaining
in all of South Carolina's major Piedmont rivers. The project area has extreme importance to the
Service's interagency coordinated (States of Georgia and South Carolina, Army Corps of
Engineers) goals relative to restoration of anadromous fish and access to their historic spawning
habitat. These goals are outlined in the document, "Elements of Consensus on American Shad
Management in the Stretch of Savrumah River Between Strom Thurmond Dam and Augusta" a
comprehensive plan accepted by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). Providing
adequate flow for the protection and enhancement of the aquatic species in the Augusta Shoals
area is a primary con,eem to the Service.
SPECIFIC COMMtNTS
Draft Application
Table B 1. page B-6. The Table lists the mean daily flow statistics for the Augusta Shoals and
Canal, however, it has been determiined that the USGS gauge # 02196484 datum used for the
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Shoals is inaccurate and unacceptable to the Service. In addition, the gauge listed in the table for
the Canal (# 02196485) is different from the gauges in the second footnote. It should be clarified
which gauges and what set of years of flow data were used to obtain the data for the Canal.
Also, the years listed as historical record within the footnotes are unacceptable.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from USGS
gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response document. The
summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28, 2003, and titled
"Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
The Application has been revised and reflects the flow record mutually agreed on by the
applicant and the resource agencies.
Table B3, page B-8. Again, this table uses data from the USGS gauge # 02196484 which has
been determined inaccurate and unacceptable by the Service. It also uses data from water years
1989-2000, of which 1998-2000 was a statewide drought of record. As discussed below, we
recommend using flow data from 1953 (impoundment by Thurmond Dam) to the present for the
period of record.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from USGS
gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response document. The
summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28, 2003, and titled
"Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
The Application has been revised and reflects the flow record mutually agreed on by the
applicant and the resource agencif:s.
E.3.3 Applicants Proposal. The second bullet, "Passage for the fisheries has been established at
the upstream facility at Steven's Creek Dam" should be removed. It was determined by the
FERC in 1995 License for the Stevens Creek project that upstream fish passage at Stevens
Creek Dam will be provided after fish passage facilities are installed at the Augusta Diversion
Dam.
Response: Augusta has revised its proposed timing for installation of upstream fish
passage facilities at the ADD as follows:
· After the complt\~ion and successful operation of the proposed new fish passage facilities
at NSBL&D. Th~ facilities prollosed by the USACE in consultation with the resource
agencies include ,~ fish passage c:hannel with naturalistic pools located adjacent to
NSBL&D in Sou~b Carolina. T]~e NSBL&D is located approximately 20 river miles
downstream of th"e ADD,
· The USFWS or NMFS notifies Augusta in writing that the amount of habitat in the
Augusta Shoals (and areas dowlllstream) is not sufficient to support fisheries in the
Savannah River (including the supporting rationale), thereby requiring passage to
additional habitats above the ADD, and
3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
. The GDNR notifies Augusta i.n writing that the water quality in the Savannah River
between Thurmond Dam and the ADD is suitable for passage of fisheries into that area.
E.2.5 Minimum Flows. The s,entences, "the measures proposed in the Augusta Canal
Hydropower Project Operations Pl!an will protect AND enhance fisheries conditions to a level
unprecedented in the history of the Augusta Shoals. However, the four and one half mile of
Augusta Shoals cannot replace two hundred miles of upstream riverine habitat eliminated by the
construction of four upstream darns during the past seventy years. The proposed plan will
provide consistently suitable habitats for fisheries beyond what nature alone provided in the
bypass reach," are not accurate and are irrelevant to this proceeding and should be removed from
this report. It is doubtful that any ,change in operations would enhance or ameliorate the shoals
to beyond what existed pre-project. In addition, it has never been expected by the Service for the
Augusta shoals to compensate for impacts to the Savannah River from upstream Army Corps of
Engineers projects.
Response: The text indicated above has been deleted, and the Application has been
appropriately revised.
Rare and Protected Species Report
Page 3-4. 4th Paragraph. The last sentence of the 4'h paragraph refers to the minimum flow
regime for shortnose sturgeon spawning and incubation of eggs. The sentence should read:
"Shortnose
sturgeon (spawning and incubation of eggs) was also included in the SRIFS (ENTRIX 2DD2c)
process and will be considered part of the minimum flow regime for the Augusta Shoals when it
is deemed necessary by the resource agencies."
Response: The fourth paragraph of page 3-4 of the Rare and Protected Species Report
should say "Shortnose sturgeon spawning (spawning and incubation of eggs) was also
included in the SRIFS process ancJl will be considered in the context of a flow management
plan for the Augusta Shoals after the USFWS or NMFS notify Augusta in writing that they
have documented ~hortnose sturgeon passing the NSBL&D in numbers sufficient to
constitute a spawning aggregation.
i
Page 3-5. Last Paragraph. The second sentence should be amended to: "Although not
specifically designedTfor Robust Redhorse, fish passage and protection options being considered
for the ACHP should' include this species."
Response: Robustr~dhorse was nOlt included in the original list of target species (or the
study report) at tbe ~pecific request of the Gl>NR. Augusta will consider inclusion of
robust redhorse hito, any future plans or designs for upstream fish passage facilities based
on input from all of the resource agencies and anticipates that robust redhorse will be a
4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
target species for fish passage. However, there currently is no information or experience
with this species regarding its use of fishways.
Fisheries Resource Study Report
Fisheries Management and Status of Key Species. Page 2-11. Second paragraph. The sentence
stating, "... nor is the shortnose sturgeon currently known to occur immediately downstream of
NSBL&D," is inaccurate and should be deleted. The species has been historically documented
immediately downstream of the New Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam (NSBL&D), most recently
documented in 2001 by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR).
Response: Augusta acknowledges, that shortnose sturgeon are known to occur immediately
downstream of NSBL&D. The Rare and Protected Species Resource Report, which was
published after the Fisheries report, reflected the new information that shortnose sturgeon
were know to occur immediately downstream of New Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam.
Fisheries Management and Status of Key Species. Page 2-13. Third paragraph. Study results
regarding population characteristics of American shad conducted by Clemson University in 2001
is referenced, however, these study results still have not been provided to the resource agencies.
Results of this study should be provided for our review as soon as possible.
Response: Augusta's information included in the Fisheries Resource Report was based on
interviews and correspondence with Dr. Jeff Isely of Clemson in 2001 and 2002. Dr. Isely
provided a copy of his written re:port to Augusta in May 2003. The report acknowledged
project funding from the USFWS and Augusta assumes that the USFWS has full access to
copies of the report.
Upstream Fish Passage. Existing Conditions. Page 3-4. First paragraph. Striped bass have been
documented to seek thermal refuge in the mid and upper Savannah River during summer months,
as documented by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. This information should be
included in the Fisheries Report.
Response: Thein,$rmation that striped bass seek thermal refuge in the Augusta area of
the Savannah Rivet during summer months is already discussed in detail in the Fisheries
Resource Report, (s~e pages 2-15 allld 2-16).
Downstream Fish Piis:sage.Existim~ Conditions-Anadromous Fish. Page 3-4. First paragraph.
The document refersTto blueback herring having high survival rates through the ACHP turbines
but does not referenoe the source of that statement. The document should make reference to the
source of this inform:ation.
5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Response: Table 7-13 of the "Fish passage and Protection Plan for the ACHP" indicates
that the family Clupeidae (which includes blueback herring) has estimated 48-hour
survival rates above 94 percent after passing through the turbines.
Downstream Fish Passage, Existin:g Conditions-Anadromous Fish, Page 3-5, Second paragraph.
The document states, "... due to high (94.3 percent) survival through the turbines, only an
estimated 900 alosids will be killed by passing through the ACHP turbines." This estimated 94%
alosid survival rate was based on a paper mortality study that is somewhat flawed. The study
used cooler water sites (which the resource agencies had insisted on deleting) which may be a
confounding stress variable in comparison to sites in the Southeast, and it incorporated sites with
different turbine characteristics. (See attached letter dated June 6, 2002).
Response: The fish entrainment and mortality study was designed with full input and
consultation of the resource agendes. The agencies attended a meeting held on July 11,
2001 where proposed study methi[)ds were presented by Alden Research Laboratory and
consensus was obtained by the working group that the study approach and data sets were
acceptable (see Appendix A of th(~ Fish Passage and Protection report for meeting minutes).
The study utilized the best available data for the analysis.
The inclusion of data from the Stevens Creek facility, which has a relatively slow turbine
speed, met all of the agree-upon criteria for inclusion in this evaluation. In regard to
possible exclusion of data from northern sites, Augusta re-analyzed the survival
calculations presented in the repOirt. The exclusion of northern sites actually increased the
projected survival rates rather than decreasing them. Using data where 48-hour control
survival was greater than 90 percent, the estimate of survival for all species combined
increased from 83.9 percent (all sites combined) to 94.6 percent (southern sites only).
Savannah River Instream Flow Study
The Savannah River Instream Flow Study (SRIFS) was developed in consultation with the
resource agencies and generally reflects the agencies recommendations. The SRIFS was to be
used as a tool to develop low flow thresholds that will protect and enhance the aquatic resources
of the Augusta Shoals, provide effective flows for anadromous fish passage, and suitable
recreation and/or navigation flows. Two major problems identified in the document include the
use of the inaccurate USGS gauge: # 02196484 in developing flow duration curves and the
selected flow time 8;eries, which only uses reported flow from 1989-2001. Any impact analysis
using data from this (gauge or this limited range of flow years, of which 5 are drought years, is
unacceptable to the. Service. In order for the resource agencies to recommend protective
seasonal flows for the Augusta Shoals, an accurate historical flow data set must be made
available which willI provide a baseline for the development of a low-flow and drought
management plan for the Shoals and the Canal. At a meeting on December 17,2002, the City of
Augusta agreed to u~e adjusted data from the USGS gauge # 02197000 to develop flow duration
curves for the Augusta Shoals dating back to 1953. The resource agencies are still awaiting this
data. We strongly recommend Augusta provide the necessary data that will enable the resource
6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
agencies to recommend a low flow regime that will protect, mitigate impacts to, and enhance
fish and wildlife resources affected by the project including those of the unique and important
Augusta Shoals area. It is importamt from a total system and cumulative impact perspective that
Augusta Shoals fishery habitat and historic spawning habitat for anadromous species be provided
for in resolving this license applica.tion.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from USGS
gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response document. The
summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28, 2003, and titled
HDevelopment of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
Anadromous Fish in the Savannah River at Augusta, Section 6.1. L page 6-2. The sentence
stating, "Shortnose sturgeon are not thought to migrate as far up the Savannah River as the
NSBL&D..." should be omitted. Shortnose sturgeon have been historically documented directly
below the NSBL&D, most recently in 2001 by the SCDNR.
Response: Augusta acknowledge5: that shortnose sturgeon are known to occur immediately
downstream of NSBL&D. The Rare and Protected Species Resource Report, which was
published after the Fisheries rep(]lrt, reflected the new information that shortnose sturgeon
were know to occur immediately downstream of New Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam.
Anadromous Fish in the Savannah River at Augusta, Section 6.1.1, page 6-2. The third
paragraph states that striped bass populations spawn in estuarine habitats, however, striped bass
spawning has been documented in the Augusta area and sexually mature striped bass have been
arriving at the NSBL&D during the pre-spawning season. Striped bass do utilize the Augusta
area for spawning, feeding, and thermal refuge.
Response: Augusta concurs that !;ome striped bass spawning may occur in the Augusta
area, but recent research (Wallin and Van Den Avyle 1995) indicated that almost all
spawning occurs near the estuary. Striped bass spawning was modeled in the SRIFS (see
Figure 5-5 and is being considered as a consideration in regard to instream flows. Augusta
agrees that the Augusta area provides important feeding areas and thermal refuge for
striped bass as described on page 2-16 of the Fisheries Resource Report.
Anadromous Fish im. the Savannah River at. Augusta, Section 6.1.2, page 6-2 and 6-3. The
document states that the "goal of the upstream fish passage evaluation was to determine the
approximate range oil' low flows thalt will support upstream movement of migratory anadromous
fishes through the A~gusta Shoals." The term "range of low flows" should be omitted from the
text. Our management goals include determining the threshold flow that will effectively move
fish upstream and downstream through the Augusta shoals.
Response: Augusta contends that fish passage occurs over a wide flow range. At lower
flows, passage may become more difficult, especially for certain species. At some low flows,
7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
passage may cease.
Augusta has characterized the flows at which fish passage is unconstrained, flows at which
larger species may pass with some difficulty, and flows at which smaller species may pass
with some difficulty. There is no single minimum passage flow for the Augusta Shoals and
its fish species.
Successful fish passage is not represented by one exact level of flow. There is a wide range
of flows over which fish passage c:an occur, and Augusta has fully characterized that range.
Habitat Protection Thresholds. Section 8.6. page 8-11. The first bullet should read, "support
upstream and downstream anadromous fish passage."
Response: Augusta recognizes th,at instream flows supporting upstream and downstream
fish passage are an important consideration. The SRIFS included direct modeling of fish
upstream passage and Augusta asserts that flows capable of supporting upstream fish
passage are capable of supporting downstream fish passage.
Operations Plan
The Operations Plan, while providing information on the project's facilities and flow
management plan, fails to include critical information pertaining to the water needs of the
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project (ACHP). The Service has repeatedly requested that Augusta
provide the maximum and mean canal water withdrawals by season in a point-by-point form that
is easily discernible to a wide audience. We originally requested this information in our Initial
Stage Consultation Document comments dated December 6, 2000. Our letter specifically
requested that Augusta, "gather existing information or sample as necessary to determine and
report on all current and projected water withdrawals from the Augusta Canal and return of water
to the river. This information should contain instantaneous maximums and seasonal averages
based on as long a consistent term record as possible. Proposed operation of the raw water
pumping station should be detailed for different seasons and different river flow scenarios." A
clear understanding of the proposed operations of the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project is
needed to develop better management of flows in the bypassed reach of the Augusta Shoals. This
data should be clearly detailed and included within the Operations Plan.
Response: Augusta has revised the Operations Plan to include more information on water
needs and flow management. The water needs were presented in the Engineering Report
(Appendix S-l1). Subsequently, in response to agency requests, Augusta issued the
Augusta Canal Water Needs Technical Memorandum. The contents of the memorandum
are now included in the Operations Plan (Appendix S-12)
More recently, the Service has been requesting the applicant provide specific information
regarding the current and projected water needs of the ACHP which was originally requested in
the Study Plan Meetings held in March 2001. The City of Augusta currently has not provided
8
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
'I
this information in a concise and understandable format as requested.
Response: In response to agency requests, Augusta issued the Augusta Canal Water Needs
Technical Memorandum. The contents of the memorandum are now included in the
Operations Plan (Appendix 8-12) Augusta has revised the Operations Plan to include more
information on water needs and Jllow management.
Specific Comments
Energy Use and Cost Savings 1.3. page OP-3. Clarification is needed to determine whether the
cost comparison includes the use of diesel pumps in lieu of hydro-mechanical pumping.
Response: The cost comparisons do not include the use of diesel pumps in lieu of
Hydromechanical pumping. It presents the total cost comparison with electric motor
driven pumps. Diesel powered pumps are much more expensive than electric powered
pumps and it is only for uses as peaking or emergency reserve that the use of diesel driven
pumps are cost effective. The cos~s presented are gauged against a hydroelectric
development on the canal and also against an electric motor driven station using purchased
power. The information is a brief summary of the Engineering Report (Appendix 8-11)
Records and Reports. Table 3.1. The table refers to the USGS gauge # 02196484 (North
Augusta) which, as detailed above, has been determined by the licensing parties to contain
inaccurate data.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from USGS
gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response document. The
summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28, 2003, and titled
"Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
The Application has been revised and reflects the flow record mutually agreed on by the
applicant and the resource agencies.
Recreational Flows 4.6.1. The text states that the Pavillion Park Canoe Launch and the Longate
Spillway Kayak Run both have an approximate discharge of 50 cfs which is contrary to Table
4.2 that states they both have a discharge of 100 cfs. The document should clarify this
discrepancy and include justification for the flow selected.
Response: The text has been corn~cted. The Long Spill Way, as an existing channel would
have flows estimated at 100cfs. The Pavilion run, not existing, can be made not as wide
and thus it is estim!ated 50 cfs shnuld suffice. The flows are based on estimates of channel
width, depth and velocities.
Biological Season 1Jrreshold Rates 5.13. page OP-30. The text states that "each biological
season has a specifi~d low-flow protective threshold rate." We have not been apprised of any
specified low-flow protective threshold rates and request clarification from the applicant.
9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Response: The information has been clarified in the revised Application. Please refer to
Section 2 of the revised License Application Exhibit E, where specific flow management
thresholds are identified.
Flow Management Plan. pages OP,28. 29. 30. 33. 34 and 35. The document states that Augusta
uses the Anny Corps of Engineers (US ACE) daily declaration flow rates to coordinate a flow
management plan for the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project (ACHP). The USACE daily
declarations are a weekly average of the Southeastern Power Association (SEP A) daily
declarations from the J. Strom Thurmond Dam. We recommend Augusta use the daily
declarations submitted by SEPA in lieu of the declarations from the USACE due to SEPA's
ability to change declarations daily based on power needs.
Response: Augusta will utilize daily declarations from SEPA adjusted to account for
inflows from the intervening dnllinage area between Thurmond Dam and the ADD. The
method for adjusting the SEP A rlleclaration is described in the Operations Plan. Please see
the revised Canal Operations Plan (Appendix S-12) and the revised License Application for
more detail.
Recreation, Land Management and Aesthetics Resource Study Report
The report adequately describes the current land management and recreational facilities within
and adjacent to the project area. However, we find the report lacking several key elements
generally contained within a land and shoreline management plan. Our primary concern is the
exclusion of the bypassed reach of the Savannah River from the project boundary. The Augusta
Shoals which are located below the Augusta Diversion Dam are directly affected by project
operations. The operation of the Augusta Canal includes diverting water from the river and
subsequently bypassing the Augusta Shoals, a unique and important biological resource. The
Augusta Shoals currently supports a population of the rocky shoals spider lily, a Federal species
of concern, and provides habitat for several anadromous fish species. The Federal Power Act
states that the project boundary map should include, "lands necessary for the operation and
maintenance of the project and for other project purposes, such as recreation, shoreline control,
or protection of environmental resources." In addition, the shoreline of the bypassed shoals and
the islands contained within should also be included within the project boundary. The shoreline
of the river and the islands provides water cleansing functions and habitat for a variety of
wildlife species. We recommend a :200 foot shoreline buffer be included in the project boundary
where feasible, such as the undeveloped shoreline. Therefore, we recommend the applicant
develop a shoreline ;management plan which includes GIS compatible mapping containing the
project boundary II1ap including the Augusta Shoals and islands, and develop a land use
classification map. The land use classification system should assign management prescriptions
for lands relegated as Natural Areas, Commercial, Residential and Recreational.
Response: The ACHP occurs witl~in and adjacent to lands that fall under the jurisdiction
of a variety of governmental entitlies involved with planning and management of land use.
Federal, state, and local governm(~nts are involved with land management resource issues,
]0
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
and each level of government influences land development and management through
implementation of a number of laws and regulations. In addition, the Augusta Canal
Authority (ACA), a local indepellldent entity created by the Georgia General Assembly and
charged with management of the lands surrounding the Augusta Canal, actively
participates in planning activities within the project boundary.
The practical result of the ACHP's location in this setting is that land use planning and
management is already generally well developed via existing programs that were developed
with substantial public input and representation. Lands within and immediately adjacent
to the ACHP boundary are comiequently already managed for a wide range of resource
uses, including recreation, natural resource protection, cultural resource management,
residential development, and industry. These programs have resulted in effective
balancing and management of land use and resource protection in the project area to date.
The ACA is also implementing a series of resource enhancements that will increase
recreational use of lands bordering the project in the future and ensure preservation of the
natural/historic setting and character of the area.
The ACHP is already well integrated into existing plans and land uses developed under the
purview of managing entities with public input. Augusta proposes to manage the project
lands consistent with these plans and uses in the future and continued engagement in
existing land management programs. Existing land use patterns and restrictions provide
an adequate buffer zone around the project boundary and preserve public access. Augusta
therefore proposes no further shoreline development measures or buffer zone provisions at
this time. Existing zoning and developmental restrictions (see Exhibit E, section 6 for more
detail regarding restrictions) will also ensure that any project works will blend aesthetically
with the surrounding natural and historic setting of the ACHP project area.
18CFR4.51(h)(2) require the project boundary enclose only those lands necessary for
operation and maintenance of the project and for other project purposes. There are no
project purposes that would necessitate inclusion of the shoals nor islands downstream of
the dam. The shoreline of the shoals in South Carolina is private property. License
conditions usually address flow management downstream of projects and are sufficient
protection for the shoals. Recre~ltion and land management are addressed by a separate
State of Georgia created entity, the Augusta Canal Authority. The areas in questions are
already protected by a myriad of federal, state and local laws discussed and identified in
Exhibit E. Local land use management already has a GIS based system where mapping
contains the Augusta Canal and adjacent properties, including the Augusta Shoals and
islands. Within the GIS system, a, land use classification system already exists.
The document also ~epeatedly states that the City of Augusta prohibits public use of the Augusta
Diversion Dam Imp(i)undment (ADD). We do not believe the City of Augusta has the authority
to prohibit public use of a public trust resource. We recommend this wording be amended to
state that Augusta does not provide access to the ADD and discourages its use for safety reasons.
11
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Response: Augusta will make clE~ar in the revised License Application that the City will not
provide public access to the ADD Impoundment and will discourage public use of the ADD
Impoundment waters for safety reasons.
The document references the Augusta Canal Management Plan (ACMP) which was published by
the Augusta Canal Authority (ACA) in 1993. The ACMP outlines a variety of goals aimed at
tourism and recreation improvements. We support the listed activities and encourage their
implementation. Table 2-2 lists a portion of these projects and their current status. We
recommend the table be amended 1:0 include the status of all recreational activities listed within
the ACMP. Specifically, the table should provide the status of all public recreational access
projects, particularly the canoe and kayak launching facilities for the Augusta Shoals and Canal.
Response: An updated table reg21rding recreational enhancements planned by the Augusta
Canal Authority is attached below. Canoe launching facilities are planned by the Augusta
Canal Authority for the Augusta Canal near the Canal Headgates (upper Canal), in an
area between the RWPS and Riv(~rwatch Parkway (mid-Canal), and near Chaffee Park
(lower Canal). Canoe launching facilities are planned by the Augusta Canal Authority for
the area near the Canal Headgates (upper Augusta Shoals) and currently exist at the North
Augusta Boat Ramp (just downstlream of the Shoals). Installation of a canoe launching
area in the Shoals near the RWPS: parking area is not considered feasible due to the severe
elevation change.
12
C') ~ no:! ~ "0 -3' '"C ~ a- ~ ;" a- ~ ~ ~ r::r (j t!j Q. (j a- (j
~ ,~ ... ~ =- ~ ~ ~ = n ~ ~ "I 0 = 0 0 0 0
~ '" = ~ ::. ., "0 ~ ~ ., = ., -. n '-< '-<.... _ n ~
;- _ n., r ~ '" "0 a- (J'Q - ~ ~ ~ !:l. = ~ r = _ =
=- 0 ~ 0 .... _. a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e: ~ r r Cf<l ~ .,.... ~ '" ~
0" ~o==< .,,.Q~ = <..;.,<..;.,~)., "0=., ......,
= ~ -':3 (J'Q ~ ~ "'~ = - "0 (J'Q ., ~ ~ "'I = ., (J'Q = 0., =
~ -. 0 3 ~ -.., 0 - - ~ n -. n n
_ 0 = ~ _ n 0 o. "', = ,= ..~.... ~~, ,..,... -_
,~ ~., ., ~ - 0 =..... - 0 0 _.,~ - -. "-.
~ = a- a- ~ ~ = - ~ "0 ~ ~ Q. ~ .~ ~~ 0 ,~'!:;. 0 ~ 0
= = -. ::: ~. ft ~ .=- 0 ~ =- _ fl. = 'e-:::: = ~ = "T1
Q. ::: n ~ ~ (J'Q -4. '""l ....'~ ~ fl. ..: C'. _ 0 p)
_ Q. ~ ~ o' n ~ 0' ~ = = CL. 0 ..::::~, ~ _ '""l (")
00 ~ -=' - "0 = o!:.. . Q. e: ., n c:l. = _ (' '""l . '" 0 ~ =:
~ ~ _. = --.... -. ~ _ 0 n ~) .- ~ = ~ ::::
Ul ~ ~ a - ~ e. s- =- b n =- = ~I = (j ~ ;;! 1> '-<
t""l S- -. 0 ~ ~:!. ~ a.~ -. ~ fl~ ~ '~o '., i;3
o =- ., n ., _. - n == - 0 = =- ~, ~ ~ (3
n -. ~ 0 = =- ~ = ~ ~ _ "'d "0 =.
~s ~ ;'~(J'Q ~ ;'fr ~i ~ ~ ~;~ ==a i;- g
. ~-o ~= (J'Q _< n,Q. ~~ ~.....
:!. ~ =:;' ~ '""l Q. n ~ '"C 0 ~ Ei' ..,: ~ ~ ~,
n cjQ' ~ ~ ~ _ =- ., ~ " ~ Q. a- '"C
= ;;! '-< ~ == ~ ~ ~ ,!f = 5~ ::;- (J'Q = ~
... " - ~ = "0 ~ ..... n: -. ~., ....
- ~ Q. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.... ~
,.." (J'Q "0 '-< =- Q. Q. < ., ;;- ~ n l"l = ~ (J'Q ;;!
~ ) ~ = ~ .... (J'Q -. ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a- C/.l
~ ~a-;-O~ 0'= ~0=0'==c;;r ~a- = .....
= =-8=.... l"l0' '""l....o~~;? =0 ., p)
!. Q. (;'" !. ~ ~ F ~!. "0 ':-':-' ~ Q. ~ (J'Q 2'
en
ac liA> ~ '"C1~> o"'!'j~ >'"C1f..1'l> ac liA> ac liA> g,
., .:- = = ~ 0 = n ~ 0 (j ~ ~I = ., N = ., Ul = C/.l
~= _ (J'Q Q. ., = (J'Q ~ c. - "h.. ., -I (J'Q ~= ~ (J'Q ~= 0 (J'Q ~
..., = ,.." ~ = = _ ~ = ~ ~ tll = - = 0 = .....
f""t- ...... \. 1 .., ... fIIIlt. ... ~ ... (t)
~?~ 0 en~ ~ ::;'~ 3 ~ C/.lC:)~ ~ ~~ ~ o~ ~ (")
=~~ -~ ~ o-:=: =~g~ =~~ =g~ 0 CD
Q.~ = ~"O 3.....~ Q.~. Q.' Q.' (j :::l 0..
0' . ~ (;' a Q (j 6 (j (;' 0' ~ 0' ~ ~ >
l"l ~ (j -. ~ .... = 0 Q. (j ~ ~ ~I (j l"l ~ (j n ~ = ~'"1 s:::
!.~ ~ ~ ~ ~!. ='" 0 =.-a,~ a,g.~ a,Q.a, n ~
Q.= (j=ro- .....s::: 3Z~="= ~ 0 en
::;'~a, OQ. > 3.,= a-'"C"a, ::;'~a, ::;,.,> en.....
o ., = a- 0 ,~ _ en ~ 0 - 0 ~ = ..... p)
:3 ~ = - = -. ~ ~ ~. '-' -, ~ 3 - _ CIl ,...,
- OliA-~;;;I ;;;I..... =- Ro~)
>C'> 9g,-&:g' (j~~ Q~ 2'> >6 > >g~ "T1 ~
(j = s. 0 :!. 0 trl 0 = Q. = S. (j Q. S. (j Q. _. s::: e.
> ~ =- C' p ~ = > c;. = - ~,=- > ~ =- > '" ~ :::l 7'
'0 = 0 = I l"l ,~ 0 0 ' ..... O. 0.. ,:::.,
::;' :!. Q. 0 ~ ~ N ro- ~ ~ :;":!. .,:!. ::;' '> S' ~
o~ ~?[. ~ -o~ 03~ 0 (j (JQ CD
3..... .....=3 :3"h..C/.l'"1
.,,..,, (J'Q ~ 0 .......
~ 0 ~ ) ., liA = ~ ~ '-' s::: ~
t!j "0 3 Z ~ ~ 'f Q. 2 "0 t!j "0 t!j "0 8 ~
'l-...., ~= aN ~a., "h.." "h.." ~
~ 0 "h.. -. 3 " '""l -. 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 /"":'<
I .... ~ 0 ... 0 ., 0 .... I .... I ..... ;::l
N~ (j=a- -0 o=~ N~ N~ 0..
- n "h.. ~ -. = 0 3 ~ n - n - l"l _.
* ro- ~ _ ~ Q. . _ ro- * ro- * ro- =::.
0..
~ a- (j c; a- (j ~ a- a- (j ~ '"C ~. ~ ~ l"lo (j no (j > a- ..... ~
-. ~ 0 ~ 0 ... ~ ~ 0 _., ~ - = 0 ... = 0 ~ .....
- ~ ~ ~ - -. ~ .... 0 = = ~ = - ~ =
=- = = "0 = = :4. = = = -..... ~ ~;;;I = ~ = ac _ c. ""d
~ ., ~ (J'Q ~ ~~ a-="O~ -a, = ~ (3
l"l n ., ~ l"l., a- _ l"l., po l"l ,.." ~ < ;- ., .,= ~ a- ., =.
=- 0 s::: ~ 0 = '-< ~ 0 s::: - ~) - _. _ = - '-< ~
~3l"l ~3l"l ~.-3l"l -o'!~~"~n ~ ~ n (")
= _ = _.... _ < - - 0 Q. _ _. NO.....
__ "0 -. _ "0 -. s::: 0..... "0 -. -. ~ ..... = . -. 0 "h.. 0 ~ = en
..... - 0 - 0 = - 0 - (J'Q O!:l 0 = ~ = ,,-.,
~~= :t.~= ~.,~= -O";;;IZ= = e-~ N
~ ;- ~;-" a-;- a-:!. ~ ~ c; . '-< ., 0
Q. "0 ; Q. "0 N -. C. "0 ~ l"l :=: = '"C "0 _. 0 _ = 0
~~;" . . ;" g~';" O"a,~S'en;" c;., ~ ~ ~
~ = ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '"C ~ -. . - ~ ~ l"l q N o'
~ Q.~ = ~ ::;.-a ~ c.~Z~ '" 0 g= C/.l
~ ~ = = = =-.... = ~ C. '"C ~ ., ~ 3 tH ~ pj
~ "C Q. ~ C. ~ ~ Q. '" = C/.l ~ ,g Q. "E. "C =- 2'
~ "C 0" 0" = - 0" ~~. ., ~ = ~ ., ~ =- en
Q. "0 _. ~., -. - _. -. 00 0 ~ ;;;I ~ 0" _. 0 ~_
,.., ,.., _. '" ,.., = .... ~ ~ _. 0 .... _ ,.
n < - ~ - ~. _. - = ~ = _ Q. = ~ 0
=-~Q. =Q. "C=Q. .....n_~ n ~3
~Q.o 00 ~ 0 ~0;-0"'Q.c. ~ro- ~"C
=_n _l"l -c;l"l "'''Q.~l''l0 0-
(J'Q .... = = ~ = 0 l"l ~ ~
~'-< 51 e; 3 Q.~ 3 t!jc;~ 0'3 = = [C'.
C')~ ~~ "C~~ >~~~"C:3 ~ g
S- > a ::: a a 0 a -. "C ,.Q ;- g ~ a-
~ ~ ~ ..... l"l '" ~., = "C _ _ N ..... 0 0
0'" ~ ~ .' ., _. ~ ~.....
"E. t::; =- - =- n '" =- = ~. ~ 0 0 '" 0 = _
~ 0 ~ ~ ~ - '" ~ ~ ~ - c;. = ~ e Q. :l
= .....J < ~ < -0 0 < -. ~ -0 l"l 0 ., . ~ E ;;!
"''-:l~ _~.....~ "'. _.....~ ., ""-_
..,..... 00 00::."'C Q) =1 l'tl ~ ..,..... Q) .., "'C '""'l.., .., ""
l'tl ........Q)-..,;.<";;;O' .....Q)C l'tl\1
Q) "t:l .., l'tl .., Q fIl ..... -. Q)' 0" -. Q = Q)
==Q) l'tl="'=....l'tl=== =88Q=
Q)'" ~ I7Cl = :!. = "t:l -< Q)
..... Q) . Q) Q) (D' ~. .....J '""'l.., Q. I7Cl ......... Q) -
..... -=.........Q'""1 I7Clfll==-.....
:;0 -. Q cr "" = Q) Q l'tl'" I7Cl l'tl .... 3:
'" Q = Q. ('tl -. '=l _. Q
- = I7Cl l'tl -. ::;;;;l f') = _ =
~-.... ~ QQ) "'fIlOO~ C
~" ;j' ..... ~,' fIl e '""'l f') =' Q ..... S" l'tl Q =-
;;;:I =- -<..... I.... l'tl C fIl Q) ..... Q) '""'l ....
"t:l l'tl l'tl'" _ _ fIl = .... Q. ..... C
Q) .., , ~ ('tl "','" 's:.'.... Q)" ,0 I7Cl cr fIl
....._ _ l'tl=-l'tl_'=_="'l'tll'tl
l'tl .... l'tl ..... l'tl ~ 17Cl.... ~ -
.., -< -< Q) fIl ..... L; (tl" fIl Q' .....
l'tl l'tl - ;;;- f') .., l'tl Q)'" = -' ~ ~ ..,
"'C:lc 8 l'tl '" ~. Q) ~. :E Q. f') ~ -. ..,
l'tl Q)-=- QQ..........fIlQ)
8 = Q) ..... ~ Q) '""'l _=' = '""'l Q) Q e. ==
"t:l..... = <I!:-'..,-..,fIlcr=.....=
_. fIl Q. - Q) '" Q Q) _. ::;- Q) ,Q) =- I7Cl
= O--'=l"'Q.CN-l'tl f')
- ..,;. '" ..... ;;;:I .... I7Cl ....... - Q
.... Q _. fIl .., l'tl f') - Q _ 0 =
oo'""'l -< 00 ....-Q) e;::! = ~~ fIl
~ l'tl ..... ..... ~ =- 8 ..... Q - Q) "t:l -.
~ 8 "'''' Q E~ l'tl Q = 0" Q ~ Q) ~
_. _ l'tl Q) '""'l __.
Q E. Q a -oo~ ~ooe...., fIl ~=-,.E
= ..... '-' - .., -. .., Q) -<: ....
. c-' - Q) << .., Q. Q) 0" = -. ~ Q) ::;-
l.Jl = l'tl l'tl -. - l'tl l'tl ('tl ..... ...
~ ... _ fIl l'tl Q ~.~ .... .., ....,. l'tl =. Q
"... z:r.... r;.I) ...... ~ ~ --.::.., < '" ~ ., __ ~
1i.I9>
~C
NI7Cl
l.JlC
Ofll
... .....
gQ)
p
('1
Q)
=
Q)
-
>
C
.....
cr
Q
..,
~
~:;O"'C:l
-. ~ l'tl
~-<:Q.
= "'C l'tl
croo~
Q :!.
~ Q)
l'tl Q) =
.., = 0"
"'C:lQ...,
Q) ....
.., Q.
'" .... I7Cl
. 8 l'tl
"t:l ....
.., 8
Q"t:l
-< ..,
l'tl Q
Q.-<
l'tl
Q) ~
f') =
~ !;'
fIl
fIl Q)
-
.....
.....cr
Q l'tl
O"Q)
_. ..,
~l'tl
Q.O"
C l'tl
.., -.
_. =
=17Cl
~8
C Q)
= Q.
l'tl l'tl
NQ)
0=
8Q.
'''t:l
..,
Q
.....
l'tl
f')
.....
~
::
0"
l'tl
;-
-
0'
..,
"t:l
..,
o
....
l'tl
f')
.r-
f') "'C
o ..,
3 ~.
"t:l l'tl
- f')
l'tl _
.....
o'
= -.
Q.fIl
Q)
-
l'tl C
Q =
'""'lQ.
2l'tl
Q ..,
-<
l'tl
3 f')
0"0
l'tl =
.., fIl
... -
N'"
OC
o~
(.;.l _.
. Q
=
"Cl c:J'.l > Go Io!j >
~:sc l'tlc=c
fIl I7Cl .... I7Cl
l'tl .., C '---< Q. C
= f') fIl ..... -. fIl
_ l'tl _ == = _
..... Q) ,;; I7Cl Q)
-. 0 '-< "t:l
8 '""'l"" _.., ~
l'tl \ 1 '-' Q _.
. = n> -< ::
=' = "t:l -. -
g.!. ~ ~ ~.
-. '=l Q.
=..... ;;;l~l:'
17Cll""'" l'tlol'tl
C = "t:l
C..... ro-8Q)
= go ..,::1-
f') .., l'tl 8
l'tl -. -< l'tl
;;:l~ l'tl =
Q) . = -
_. C .
= l'tl
~ 0" ~
Q) l.Jl 0 0\
- 0 =-......l
... Q....
o fIl l.Jl
;. 0 0" 0\
l'tl P <<P
:E
-.
-
=-
O""'C
<<;-
~=
C fIl
= Q)
l'tl ..,
... l'tl
Nn
OQ
88
'''t:l
-
l'tl
-
l'tl
Q.
Q)
=
Q.
fIl
=-
Q
C
s:
0"
~
-
l'tl
.....
0'
..,
0"
s.:
-. =-
=Q"'C
~-'"
Q)Q.~
;: C sf
e; = =_.
o -
= == Q)
Q)f')~
-Q
;.8'E.
l'tl "t:l Q)
--=
~~fIl
~ g. f')
"'C = Q
rnQ~
'""'l_
~
= -
l'tl ~
:E po
~ "'C:l
-'"
~ ~.
l'tl
8 ~
~. Q
= =
:;O"'C:l
Q) Q)
~ *
~ 5r
Q)17Cl
-Q)
~ =
"'C:lQ.
C ..,
8 l'tl
"t:lQ.
-. l'tl
= ~.
I7ClI7Cl
00=
-
~Q
.... '""'l
o
= l'tl
=
-
..,
Q)
=
f')
l'tl
-
Q
c:J'.l1o!j>
~ ~ C
~ Q. I7Cl
.... ~ C
f') = ~
~ - =
=
=
Q.C'('1
- = Q)
o Q. =
~ fIl !.
-
C'~>
= Q C
~8;.
~ ~
02-'
8Q)<?
>~
('1=
>!.1i.I9
. 00
-
"'C~
= 0
.., 0
"'.
('1
Q
8
"t:l
-
~
-
l'tl
Q.
S'
l:'
~
f')
l'tl
8
0"
l'tl
..,
N
o
o
-
00
=
~
~
..,
=
....
-
S'
I7Cl
=
-
t""
o
=
I7Cl
c:1
=
-
l'tl
00
"t:l
....
-
i
=
<<
~c:J'.lIo!j>
- ~ ~ C
=="'lQ.
.... -< l'tl I7Cl
..... -'.., c
.... n Ci'-I
l'tl ~ = _
fIl _ Q)
l:'Q)
.g [ =' ('1
Q)-==
;;:l0Q.=
'=l f') fIl Q)
;;;l Q) _
l'tl -
='""'l~
ro-cQ>
= 8 C
Q. -
fIl =-
~2~
Q Q) ....
3 e;~
Q'
>~
('1-~
> ~
Q) "'C b
= ~ 0
Q.",P
('1
Q
8
"t:l
l'tl
-
l'tl
Q.
-.
=
3:
=
..,
f')
=-
N
o
o
p
t'-':1> >= t'-':1 ~3: 0= 00
= = = .. n 3' .Q. "0
"'aCl aCl :l. 0 I>> 0 ::
~ = = = Q ... = ~
~ = ~ n
., ~ ~aCl ~ ., ... ... -
"0 ... ~ ~ I>>
::!. I>> I>> 0 -= ~. I>> -... '-<
~ (j.... ~ = = Q."O ~
~ (j .gCO ~
g I>> r;;. I>> Q. I>>
3:~ n = ~ '-<
~ 0 ... .... Q.~ I>>
== -~ < = n ...., ~
:-" - ~ aCl '-<, =- ..
~= n, n
- ~ 00- ~ I>>
= I>> I ...~ = 0
...... ~CO =
... lIioIIl. ..... t'-':1 ~...
~ o :3 .,
., Q. .. ., o ., ~
"0 = ~ = o 1>>, ~ .. ~
I>> ::s :: "OQ.
., -~ n
~ I>> l>>aCl
... =1>> ... ~ ...~
.. .. 0 =--
< ~ = 0
~ :!. aCl = = ~ sr
-
(j -~ I>> =- ~ ~
I>> ., -
~ aCl (j 0 .. =
= '~ 0' :-"aCl
- ~ ....
~ >., = ~
., ., - ~
~ ..... ~ I>>
.. ~ =- :'1 I>> ~
= ~ ~ ~
"'l:l{,R> 2 >~> IJ'Q {,R > 2">
I>>...w = ;i; ~ I>> = ., N = = =
., N aCl o ..aCl I>> 0 aCl Q.aCl
~o= n = = s,:-,= .. =
ooo~ .... ...... (I'j I>> -..J ~ = ~
~... - ~ ~. ;- =0;- aCl ;-
~ g I>> .. = Q.P =
..0 o ~ S-(j
n . = Q. ~~(j
~ (j (;)co(j .. I>>
I>> ~ I>> I>> ~ I>> Q.=
= ~ = 0'-< : -Q.= ~ I>>
Q.Q.I>> ~ = -
S;~!. ~ ., I>>
~ - I>> - ...
- ., .. >
o I>> = - ~=
n - >5- Q.
!.~> ~=-> ~~> Q....
. =-
.... = = ~ = :;" = = 0
., - oQ.- .,
=Q.- = =- :3 ~ go 9'
= ~ go O~
Q. ., >:;".,
~ :;".. ..... .. o ..
:;"oq 'j"lq ~8q
o :3 ~ (j
:3 2: 0 ~ 0
1>>"0 t'-':1"O ~
>1>>"0 Q.., ~
- ., >6
(j .. 0 =~.
> 0 ..... I ..... I>>
= ~ .. ~ N~
. I>> n ~n _ n =
_r ~ rt' *rt' Q.
(j > > ~ l:l" -= (j (j e
0 n n I>> <.~ ., 0 0 =
:3 n I>> ~ (JQ ~. :3 :3 Q.
0 Q. ~ ,- ~ ~
"0 :3 "0 "0
- a Q. .:. n ;" - .,
~ "0 I::l. - ~ n
- - '-< co (~ n - - 0
~ .. -... '-< I::l. = ~ ~ =
p. ~ Q. Q.
=- ~ - (~ :: ~
~ N sr is:
0 Q. .. =- =, ~ 0
=~.~= ~
"0 .. ~. 00 =;' e- o N .,
~ = p 0 I>>
= N o (~ '-< 0 -
= == p ..
~ 0 00 _ =~ 0 0
Q. 0 =
- ~ ~ to = ...
0 3 I>> =, =- n
= tIl .... 0 =
> "0 ... ;~ - .,
~ .- Q. .,
"0 2: ., ....... ~
., I>> = ~~ I>> =
.. ...
- - 2: s:. n q
- = "I...
go ., I>> (,j' .. =
~... <
N = C:l .. 0
(j ., .... q
0 ~ I>> .... I>>
0 = - =r "0 n
w ...
... 00 ('I) ., <'
~ n ("~ 0
:'1.. < q
~ ll:l ..
= CI Q.
n ll:> ~
~ ..- Q.
*
>
=
1-3
t'-':1
>
I
N
-
aCl
.,
I>>
=
...
~
I>>
.,
~
I>>
~
I>>
.,
Q.
~
Q.
-
o
>
=
aCl
=
~
...
I>>
...
c;')
~
o
.,
aCl
..
~
~
=-
o
"0
.,
o
<
is:
~
~
-
=-
~
C'
=
Q.
tIl
...
o
...
=-
~
"0
.,
o
.....
~
n
rt'
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Fish Passage and Protection Plan for the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
We submitted comments for the above-referenced plan in our letter dated June 6, 2002 which can
be located in Appendix A. The applicant currently has not responded to these recommendations.
We recommend a full response to our recommendations be included in the final license
application.
Response: The above-referenced comments are appended to this letter and Augusta's
responses are inserted accordingly.
Proposed Project Modifications. page 2-2. The text states that the maximum water withdrawal
from the canal by the pumping station would be 1,736 cfs. This rate is contrary to what is stated
in the Operations Plan (OP-19) and needs clarification.
Response: The maximum withdrawal' from the canal is for water sent to the treatment
plant. The permitted withdrawal from Ga. EPD at this time is 60 mgd (93 cfs). The
estimated needs of the water system from this source is shown on the revised operations
plan to be a maximum of 88 mgd (136 cfs) at year 2035. Improvements and additional
expansion of the water treatment facilities would be required to process more than the 60
mgd capacity the plant will be able to treat by 2006. The motive water required to pump
the water are not withdrawals from the canal. The revised Operations Plan presents the
estimated needs of the Augusta Canal.
Table 2-1. page 2-1. This table provides the daily mean flow by month for the Augusta Shoals,
however, this data is provided by the USGS gauge # 02196484 which has been found inaccurate
and unacceptable by the Service. As discussed above, we recommend correcting all use of this
gauge data and using flow data from 1953 (impoundment of Thunnond Dam) to the present for
the period of record.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from USGS
gauge #02196484 is appended to the end of this comment response document. The
summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28, 2003, and titled
"Development of an Alternate FI(]lw Record for the Savannah River".
Preliminary Recommendations
This section discusses preliminary recommendations and associated rationale we have developed
for the project thus 'far. The Service intends to issue a prescription for passage of anadromous
species, particularly American shad, under Section 18 of the Federal Power Act (FP A). The
Service intends to rpcommend to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), pursuant
to Section 10 (j) and other pertinent s~ctions of the Federal Power Act, the following conditions
be stipulated in articles of any license issued for the project. Please recognize, however, that
these recommendations are only preliminary and could be modified upon the Service's review of
16
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
the final application or a revised draft application.
Recommendations, Rationale, and Discussion
1. Fish Passage Prescription under Section 18 of the Federal Power Act.
Plans regarding upstream and downstream fish passage mechanisms should be immediately
finalized in consultation with the resource agencies. Our recommendations on the location and
design of the upstream and downstream facilities are documented in our June 6, 2002 letter
(Appendix A). All necessary engineering design studies should be immediately implemented
once the location ofthe facility has been detennined.
Response: Augusta has revised ilts proposed timing for installation of upstream fish
passage facilities at the ADD as follows:
. After the completion and suc(:essful operation of the proposed new fish passage facilities
at NSBL&D. The facilities proposed by the USACE in consultation with the resource
agencies include a fish passage channel with naturalistic pools located adjacent to
NSBL&D in South Carolina. The NSBL&D is located approximately 20 river miles
downstream of the ADD,
. The USFWS or NMFS notifies Augusta in writing that the amount of habitat in the
Augusta Shoals (and areas downstream) is not sufficient to support fisheries in the
Savannah River (including th,e supporting rationale), thereby requiring passage to
additional habitats above the ADD, and
. The GDNR notifies Augusta in writing that the water quality in the Savannah River
between Thurmond Dam and the ADD is suitable for passage of fisheries into that area.
After these three conditions are met, Augusta proposes to finalize upstream and
downstream fish passage mechanisms in consultation with the resource agencies and
initiate implementation. Proposed implementation schedules for upstream and
downstream fish passage facilitie~: are estimated in Section 2 (Report on Fish, Wildlife, and
Botanical Resources) of the revised license application.
Based on current u!i1de.rstanding ~md technology, Augusta proposes installation of a vertical
slot fish ladder, witih movable bafJlles to accommodate sturgeon in the future, on the South
Carolina side of th~ Savannah River. The South Carolina side of the River has a lower
head and is also thcrmost upstream side of the dam, therefore fish are more likely to move
to that side and aw>~y from the canal intakes.
Augusta proposes two actions to minimize entrainment of fishes from the Augusta Canal
into the new Augusta RWPS intakes and to provide downstream fish passage protection:
. Augusta wiH insta)) bar screens with openings of one inch at the new RWPS sluices to
aid in exclusion of fishes from Ithe hydropower intakes. This action wiH prevent
17
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
entrainment of all but the sm:ilHest fishes, which often have high levels of survival in
passing through the turbines (see Table 7-13 of the Fish Passage and Protection Plan),
. Augusta will design its new sluices to be able to accommodate a louver system in the
future. The louver system in the RWPS sluices would be installed after passage of
shortnose sturgeon upstream of the ADD has been documented. The proposed louver
system would include a bypass pipe from the new sluiceway to the Savannah River.
As mentioned in previous correspondence, the Service, as well as the States of Georgia and
South Carolina are actively engaged in a program of restoring anadromous fish stocks to the
Savannah River. Part of this program is to provide passage of American shad (and other
anadromous species) to the base of the Strom Thurmond Dam. This would allow access to
approximately 35 miles of additional historical spawning grounds. Currently, shad are being
successfully locked through the NSBL&D, located downstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam,
and there are current plans for the installation of a fish passage facility at this locality. In
addition, the Stevens Creek project, located upstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam, has a
Section 18 prescription which will begin construction and operation following the
implementation ofthe Augusta Diversion Dam fishway.
2. Entrainment. Feasible measures to avoid, minimize, and/or compensate for entrainment of
fishes should be explored in the final license application. This should include trashrack screens
at the Canal head gates to exclude downstream migrants from the Canal. If no feasible measures
are available to avoid or minimize :fish entrainment, compensation measures should be required
as license conditions.
Response: See above for a description of Augusta's proposed measures to minimize fish
entrainment and related mortality.
While discussions in the document highlight the applicants belief that survival of entrained fish
should be very high, it is important to recognize that the projected estimated 94% clupeid
survival is not sufficiently documented to warrant consideration of not providing safe and
effective downstream passage for potential outmigrants.
Response: The estimated survival rates for c!upeids were calculated using methods
approved in advance by the resource agencies. The fish entrainment and mortality study
was designed with full input and consultation of the resource agencies. The agencies
attended a meeting held on July 11, 2001 where proposed study methods were presented by
Alden Research Laboratory and consensus was obtained by the working group that the
study approach and: data sets were acceptable (see Appendix A of the Fish Passage and
Protection report for meeting minutes). The study utilized the best available data for the
analysis.
3. A license condition should be included which requires reanalysis of the operating mode of
the canal should any major changes in operation of J. Strom Thurmond Dam or Stevens Creek
Dam occur during life of the license.
18
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
.1
Water resource utilization in the Savannah Basin is a complex and controversial issue. Many
competing needs and interests are involved. The Service, as well as other entities, are working to
establish release schedules from the J. Strom Thurmond Dam for improved fish and wildlife
habitat in the river below the dam. In addition, the Army Corps of Engineers has proposed
changes to their Drought Contingency Plan release schedules. If such modifications are realized
either at the Thurmond Dam or Stevens Creek, changes in current operating procedures at the
Augusta Canal may be warranted.
Response: Augusta concurs that the Canal Operating Plan should be re-evaluated if there
are any major changes in the operations at Thurmond Dam or Stevens Creek Dam.
4. Instream Flows Below the Augusta Diversion Dam. An extensive instream flow study using
the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology was performed to aid in determination of flows to
protect, mitigate damage to, and enhance fisheries resources in the 4.5 mile bypassed Augusta
Shoals. In October 2002, Georgia Department of Natural Resources personnel apprised the
relicensing parties of the extreme inaccuracy of the USGS gauge # 02196484, which measures
the flow over the Augusta Shoals. In order to provide the resource agencies with useable flow
data for the development of duration curves and ultimately a low-flow and drought contingency
plan, we recommend Augusta provide adjusted data from the downstream Butler Creek gauge.
The data should date back to 1953 to provide a historical perspective of the flow regime at the
Augusta Shoals. We look forward to reviewing this data once it is made available.
Response: A comprehensive summary of the issues relating to use of flow data from USGS
gauge #02196484 is appended to tUle end of this comment response document. The
summary is contained in the technical memorandum dated May 28, 2003, and titled
"Development of an Alternate Flow Record for the Savannah River".
Additional Information Needs
1. As previously stated, a historical flow record for the Augusta Shoals beginning with 1953 is
needed to develop flow duration curves.
Response: See response immediately above.
2. All flow duration curves and historical flows referencing the North Augusta gauge #
02196484 should be removed from the draft license application and study reports.
Response: A compr.ehensive .sumIJrlary ofthe issues relating to use of flow data from USGS
gauge #02196484 is~nppended to the end of this commentfesponse document. The
summary is contain!ed in the technical memorandum dated May 28, 2003, and titled
"Development of aD Alternate Flow Record. fOl'the Savannah River".
3. Report on all current and projected water withdrawals from the Augusta Canal and return of
19
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
water to the river. This information should contain instantaneous maximums and seasonal
averages based on as long a consistent term record as possible. Proposed operation of the raw
water pumping station (i.e. which equipment would be used, how much water would be
withdrawn from the canal by pumping) should be detailed for different seasons and different
river flow scenarios. This information should be provided in the Operations Plan in a concise
point-by-point basis and presented in a format that is easily understood by those without an
engineering background. All flow data should be provided in cubic feet per second.
Response: The Operations Plan bas been revised to include the requested information.
4. Provide the current and future status of all recreational studies listed in the Augusta Canal
Management Plan.
Response: The updated table n:garding the status of recreational enhancements planned
by the Augusta Canal Authority is inserted above. The revised license application also
contains updated information Iregarding the recreational projects anticipated by the
Augusta Canal Authority.
5. Develop a Shoreline Management Plan which includes GIS compatible mapping containing
the project boundary and land use classification maps. The project boundary should be expanded
to include the Augusta Shoals and associated islands.
Response: The ACHP is already well integrated into existing plans and land uses developed
under the purview of managing eltltities with public input. Augusta proposes to manage the
project lands consistent with thes:e plans and uses in the future and continued engagement
in existing land management pro~:rams. Existing land use patterns and restrictions provide
an adequate buffer zone around the project boundary and preserve public access. Augusta
therefore proposes no further shoreline development measures or buffer zone provisions at
this time. Existing zoning and developmental restrictions (see Exhibit E, section 6 for more
detail regarding restrictions) will also ensure that any project works will blend aesthetically
with the surrounding natural and historic setting of the ACHP project area.
18CFR4.51(h)(2) require the pfl[)ject boundary enclose only those lands necessary for
operation ans maintenance of thl~ project and for other project purposes. There are no
project purposes t~at would necessitate inclusion of the shoals nor islands downstream of
the dam. The sh~reJine .of the shoals in South Carolina is private property. License
conditions usuallyjaddrcss flow m~lDagement downstream of projects and are sufficient
protection for the ~hoals. Recre~lti6n and land management are addressed by a separate
State of Georgiacr,eated entity, th~ Augusta Canal Authority. The areas in questions are
already protected~y a myriad of federal, state and local laws discussed and identified in
Exhibit E. Local land use manal~ement already has a GIS based system where mapping
contains the Augu$ta Canal and adjacent pr.operties, including the Augusta Shoals and
islands. Within the: GIS system, a land use classification system already exists.
20
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The Service looks forward to further coordination with the City of Augusta to resolve any
outstanding issues associated with the licensing of the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project. If
you need assistance or have questions please contact Ms. Amanda Hill of my staff at (843) 727-
4707 x 24.
Sincerely yours,
Roger L. Banks
Field Supervisor
RLB/ AKHIkm
21
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Appendix A
22
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
116 Croghan Spur Road, Suite 200
Charleston, South Carolina 29407
June 6, 2002
Mr. Jorge E. Jimenez, P.E.
Project Liaison
c/o ZEL Engineers
435 Telfair Street
Augusta, GA 30901-2494
Re: Augusta Canal Water Power Project (FERC Project No. 11810-000), Review of Fish
Passage and Protection Plan for the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
Dear Mr. Jimenez:
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has reviewed the above-referenced report prepared
by Alden Research Laboratory, Inc., dated March 2002 and offers the following comments.
Additional comments and recommendations for proceeding are also based on an informational
exchange meeting beld on April 26, 2002. As per our commitment, we have attempted to
coordinate our recommendations with the other resource agencies to minimize conflicting
recommendations. .An interagency meeting for these purposes took place on May 22, 2002.
These comments have been closely coordinated with the South Carolina Department of Natural
Resources and represent the views of that agency as well.
Comments on Report
Page 1-2, IntroductLbn, Agency Involvement. Temperature concerns referenced from the June
2001 meeting have $eenfurther investigated and may not be a problem or significant concern
relative to fish pas~age.. While dissolved oxygen concerns remain, turbine retrofits and a
proposed lower lake oxygen injection grid may resolve the problem.
23
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Response: Augusta acknowledges the revised oplDlOn by the USFWS that water
temperature "may not be a significant concern in regards to fish passage". Augusta does
not necessarily disagree, but would like to receive a more detailed explanation of basis of
this revised opinion.
Page 1-3, last paragraph. Dorsoma spp. is noted as an agreed target species. Gizzard shad are
not a target species and hickory shad do not belong to the Dorsoma genera. The sentence which
states that "(A)t this time, the shortnose sturgeon is not present in the Augusta Canal or upstream
of the NSBL&D", should be changed to read: "(A)t this time, the shortnose sturgeon has not
been documented in the Augusta Canal or upstream of the NSBL&D."
Response: Augusta acknowledges the error that hickory shad is in the genus Alosa, not
Dorosoma. The scientific name of hickory shad is correctly represented in Table 3-1 of the
Fish Passage and Protection Plan. The agencies listed "other riverine species present" as
target species in their "Elements of Consensus Relative to Development of a Fish
Restoration Plan for the Mid-Savannah River" provided to Augusta on July 11, 2001 (see
Appendix A of the Fish Passage and Protection Plan). The term "other riverine species"
could include gizzard shad, but in any event the inclusion of gizzard shad as a target
species had no appreciable effect upon the evaluation presented in the report. Augusta
concurs that shortnose sturgeon are not known to occur in the Augusta Canal or in the
Savannah River upstream of NSBL&D.
Page 2-1. Proiect Description. The figure for full capacity operation of the mills of 2,377 cfs
does not agree with the total of 2,465 cfs on Page 3-1.
Response: Alden calculated a capacity of 2,465 based on data provided by ZEL: 1,024 cfs
for Sibley, 881 cfs for King and 560 cfs for Enterprise. the figure shown on page 3-1 is
correct. An errata note will be issued correcting page 2-1.
Page 3-3, 3-4, Table 3-1 and Figure 3-1. The Robust redhorse should be added to target species.
Response: Robust redhorse was not included in the original list of target species (or the
study report) at the specific request of the GDNR. Augusta is considering inclusion of
robust redhorse into any future plans or designs for upstream fish passage facilities based
on input from all oftbe resource agencies and anticipates that robust redhorse will be a
target species for fish passage. However, there currently is no information or experience
with this species regarding its use of fishways.
Page 4-3, Fish Ramps and. Natural Channels. We believe the treatment given to ramps and
natural channels is aJ,little harsh. The literature cited (Harris et aI, 1998), is specific only to rock
ramps in Australia, mot natural channels. Overall, Harris, reported positive results and suggested
potential fixes for problems encountered. Other European nature-like channels have had high
success rates with numerous species.
24
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Response: Augusta (through its consultant, Alden Research Laboratories) has performed a
thorough review of the available literature on rock ramps and natural channels. Augusta
believes that the discussion on page 4-3 is an accurate presentation of the current state-of-
the-art. Very few rock ramps have been evaluated to determine the effectiveness of these
fishways in passing fish, and none of these studies apply to the target species at ADD.
Page 5-1, Preliminary Screening of Downstream Alternatives. The referenced estimation of shad
survival of 94 percent cited from discussion in Section 7 is somewhat problematic. We will
discuss this further in comments on Section 7. However, we believe this estimate is based on a
very low N and should not be touted with a great deal of surety.
Response: 94 % survival is an estimate based on the best available data. See additional
response below.
Page 7-8, Evaluation of Alternative Turbine Types. We had suggested early on in the process
that since new turbines were being purchased, they should be as "fish friendly" as possible. We
don't know whether the Hidrostal Impeller Turbine is commercially available yet, but that is
what we had in mind (see sketch below). We are also surprised that the Kaplan turbines which
have been touted in the literature as having higher survival rates for fish than Francis, did not
appear to do so in your study results.
Response: A new turbine runner design that has features that are "fish friendly" is
currently being tested at Alden for the Department of Energy as part of its Advanced
Hydropower Turbine Systems Program. The runner design shown above was conceptual
in nature and has not been developed. The runner being evaluated at Alden evolved
through a process in which numerous runner concepts were evaluated using three-
dimensional mathematical models. Evaluations of biological effectiveness with live fish are
ongoing. Therefore, it is premature to project what survival rates might be predicted for
this turbine, nor is the runner commercially available.
25
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
When one reviews aU of the available survival data for fish passing through Kaplan and
Francis turbines, the general trend is for higher survival through Kaplan turbines.
However, in Augusta's analysis, Alden used survival data from sites appropriate for
comparison to the RWPS, i.e., sites that had :!:75% of the design flow of the RWPS, less
than 75 ft of project head, and where control survival was greater than 90%. When one
looks at survival from these sites, the survival for Francis turbines appears to be higher.
Although we haven't done a full statistical analysis of these data, there does not appear to
be any significant differences in the survival rates between the two turbine types.
NEW DOE FISH
FRlENDL Y TURBINE
DESIGN rl
l,'~'
,
\
Figt= 4-1
Hidrostai Impeller in Turbine Mode
26
I
I
I
,I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Pages 7-20, 7-21. Table 7-8. The range of study sites used for estimating turbine survival is
problematic. We are unsure where many of these sites are located. As a rule of thumb in the
past, the resource agencies had insisted on deletion of northern sites as the cooler water may be a
confounding stress variable in comparison to sites in the Southeast. The Stevens Creek site,
while in the Southeast has an uncharacteristically slow turning old Francis turbine (75 rpm) and
should not be used for comparison purposes. The most comparable site appears to be the
Columbia project with horizontal twin runner Francis turbines similar to those proposed at the
project. Clupeid survival at this 48 hour mortality "turbine tag" study was about 88 percent.
Response: Alden included the foUowing sites in its evaluation:
Grand Rapids
Higley
Peshtigo
Potato Rapids
Prickett
Rogers
Sandstone Rapids
Columbia
Hollidays Bridge
Ninety-Nine Islands
Stevens Creek
Menominee City, Michigan
upstate New York
Marinette City, Wisconsin
Marinette City, Wisconsin
Baraga County, Michigan
Micosta County, Michigan
Marinette City, Wisconsin
Columbia, South Carolina
near Greenville, South Carolina
Cherokee County, South Carolina
Savannah River, near Augusta, Georgia
The exclusion of the northern sites in this case would actuaUy increase the projected
survival rates rather than decrease them. Below is a table showing the 48 hour survival
rates for aU of the sites listed above and for just the southern sites. The rates are based on
data where 48 hour control survival was greater than 90%.
all sites combined
only southern sites
AU species combined
(survival rate)
83.9%
94.6%
Stevens Creek meets aU of the agreed-upon criteria for inclusion that Alden presented to
the agencies in the July 11,2002 meeting.
27
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Alden did not include the 48 hour survival data from Columbia since the control survival
was below the 90% threshold for inclusion. Further, the formula used to calculate survival
of c1upeids at the Columbia Project (Normandeau 1999) is not consistent with the formula
commonly used today for such calculations, namely the relative recovery rate method
(Ricker 1945,1948; Burnham et al. 1987; EPRI 1997):
s - rt/Rt
T - rc/Rc
where (Sr) is the survival rate for fish passing through a turbine; rt and rc are the number
of treatment and control fish recovered live; and Rt and Rc are the total number of
treatment and control fish recovered (live and dead combined). Alden used this formula to
estimate survival rates for fish at the RWPS. If one applies this formula to the data
collected at Columbia (Normandeau 1999), the 48 hour survival rate is 94.0% rather than
the 88.1 % reported.
Page 8-2, Discussion. As mentioned in the comments directly above, the paper mortality study is
somewhat flawed in using cooler water sites and incorporating sites with different turbine
characteristics. Paper mortality studies definitely have the disadvantage of a limited database
although their use is becoming more common. While we do not go to the extreme of
recommending a site-specific study at this time, it is important to recognize that the projected
estimated 94% clupeid survival is not sufficiently documented to warrant consideration of not
providing safe and effective downstream passage for potential outmigrants.
Response: In this case, the inclusion of cooler water sites did not substantially affect the
estimate of turbine survival (at least when all species are combined). When conducting a
paper study, a balance must be struck between 1) restricting selection of surrogate sites to
those whose characteristics most closely match those of the target site and 2) being too
restrictive in the selection of surrogate sites and thereby reducing the amount of data from
which to draw meaningful conclusions. The approach taken by Alden was consistent with
that approved by resource agencies on other hydroelectric projects during FERC
relicensing.
Recommendations
Upstream Passage
Basically, four desig@.s were proposed composed ofa vertical slot ladder and a partial rock ramp
weir on either sideoiHhe river. The rock ramp weir design appears to be essentially a vertical
slot ladder made out of rocks. We see no advantage (perhaps with the exception of aesthetics) to
the rock ramps as designed. They are more costly and probably not as stable as the concrete
ladders. However, a transverse rock weir on the South Carolina side similar to the attached
28
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
sketch continues to be a concept which should be further explored for practicality. This rock
weir should be designed for accessibility for downstream and dam face approaching fish.
Response: The alternative as sketched contains only four pools. Alden calculates that 18
pools would be necessary to achieve acceptable hydraulic conditions for upstream passage.
The proposed design, as presented in the sketch, would need to be modified to
accommodate 14 additional pools. These additional pools would extend into the headpond
which would require a design similar to the one presented in the discussion of the rock
ramp alternative. The cost for the sketched alternative would be substantially more than
any of the upstream alternatives presented.
Sketch of
transverse rock ramp fishway on South Carolina side of Augusta Diversion Dam.
conceptual
Of the designs presented in the document for review, a vertical slot ladder on either the South
Carolina or Georgia sides seem to be the preferred design at this stage provided they can be
modified to be "sturgeon friendly". Each side has its distinct advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages Disadvantages
SC Side Lower head; easier fix for fish Trash debris pocket upstream of fishway
attraction out of Bull Sluice; located exit; constmction, maintenance, operation
further upstream (dam angles access uncertain; public outreach
upstream towards SC side). opportunities limited.
GA side Access good; public outreach Fish access may require closing Bull
opportunities excellent. Sluice.
Because of access and public outreach opportunities, the agencies are currently leaning towards
the Georgia side, but we would like more details on the proposed dentil concrete work and
alternatives for blocking Bull Sluice. In addition, the following recommendations are made for
further pursuing this option:
29
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1. Add a fish counting station with a view window.
2. Design as "sturgeon friendly" with a minimum 18" slot for shortnose, wider if
possible for Atlantics. Pool sizes will have to be modified accordingly. Aluminum
spoiler plates and serpentine baffle layouts should be incorporated.
3. Extend entrance pool by excavating upstream such that entrance is much closer to the
dam to facilitate fish finding the entrance during spill events.
4. Reconsider a dam notch instead of a lock exit. This is more efficient (i.e., less turns
for the fish to have to make). If the dam is a timber crib structure and notching
imposes definitive structural concerns, then a lock exit will have to be acceptable.
Response: Augusta proposes an upstream fish passage facility as described on page 17.
Many of the USFWS recommendations (sturgeon, effectiveness monitoring, public
outreach) are already envisioned. The level of available design detail (beyond that
presented in the conceptual drawings presented in the Fish Passage and Protection Report)
will increase during subsequent design activities for the facility after issuance of the license.
Downstream Passage
The primary concern with downstream passage is that some protection be provided at all existing
intakes as well as the new proposed intakes. Although not previously discussed at length,
project drawings in the fish passage document indicate that there are currently four existing
intakes at the water treatment plant. Although other information indicates these may not be
operated continuously in the future, any significant operation during outmigrating periods would
need to be have some entrainment protection device. Coupling this with the other three mill
intakes which operate on the Augusta Canal, it is obvious that the best solution may be full
louver screening of the whole canal with a downstream bypass back into the river.
Response: Augusta proposes fish protection measures for the RWPS intakes only, not
Canal wide protection measures. Augusta's proposal is outlined above on Page 12 and 13.
The construction and use of louvers to screen the entire Augusta Canal is not feasible based
on the status of the Augusta Canal as a National Historic Landmark District and recreation
activities. The new RWPS facilities, which are located outside the project boundary, would
be designed to be c~mpatible with existing historic settings. The installation of a louver
across the entire Canal would involve sign,jficant disturbance of the Canal berms and the
resulting structure would not be aestheticaUycompatible with the area's historic setting.
I ,
AdditionaJJy, a fuJl!depth louver would restrict navigation across most ofthe Canal's width
and would be incompatible with planned interpretative Canal tours involving replicas of
historic Petersburgrboats. Alternatively, mOdification (i.e., creating notches or openings) of
a Canal-wide louver system could allow passage of the Petersburg boats and other
recreational craft, but louver effectiveness would be diminished.
30
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
We understand that the aesthetics and special historic canal designation will present problematic
implementation of this alternative. If such is the case, then further exploration of a bypass at the
canal headworks is in order even if it takes sheetpile training walls to facilitate unidirectional
flows for louver effectiveness.
Response: Further engineering analysis would be necessary, but most likely the flow at the
Canal Headgates would require a concrete wall rather than sheet pile walls. Bed rock is at
the surface near the ADD and sheet piling is not an option. If a louver were installed in the
headpond, underwater concrete construction would result in higher overall cost than the
louver alternatives in the canal. The cost of such construction would greatly exceed the
cost of louvers alternatives presented in the Fish Passage and Protection report.
.'
Otherwise, louvers and bypass pipes should be installed at all intakes which are active during the
outmigration period.
Response: Augusta has proposed a louver/bypass in its new sluiceways based on the
conditions listed on page 18.
Based on perceived effectiveness, we recommend the following in priority order:
1. Full depth louvers across the entire canal (except for a navigation passage) with a fish bypass
pipe. This may be located just above the new proposed water pumping facility or anywhere
between the new water pumping facility and the headgates.
Response: Augusta asserts that this option is not feasible from the perspective of Canal
berm stability or consistency with Canal's historic and recreational status.
2. Full depth louvers upstream of the canal headworks using the lock or a dam notch as a
downstream bypass. This will require creation of unidirectional flow with sheetpiling to
facilitate the effectiveness of louver guidance to the bypass.
Response: Augusta asserts that this option is not feasible from an engineering/cost
perspective, relative to other acceptable options.
3. Full depth louvers at the entrance to the new facility, with a downstream bypass pipe and an
Alosid sound array across the canal. This should be coupled with similar facilities at all other
canal intakes which operate during the outmigration season.
Response: Augusta's proposal includes bar rack screens and a design preparation
louver/bypass in its new sluiceways (louver/bypass based on the conditions listed on page
31
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
13). The bar rack screen will prevent entrainment of many larger fishes. Since survival of
juvenile Alosids through the RWPS turbines is estimated to be high (greater than 94
percent, see Table 7-13 of the Fish Passage and Protection report), Augusta asserts that
installation of a Alosid sound array is not warranted.
Other Comments
In recognition of the historic status of the Canal and park, we recommend that the SHPO office
and any other reviewing office under Section 106 of the Historic Preservation Act be brought
"into the loop" as soon as possible.
Response: Augusta had already engaged the Georgia Department of Natural Resources-
Historic Preservation Division regarding this Project and will continue to do so as
subsequent design activities occur.
We appreciate this opportunity to further coordinate on fish passage at the Augusta Canal
Hydropower Project and look forward towards continued coordination throughout the fishway
design and implementation process.
Sincerely yours,
Steven S. Gilbert,
Senior Staff Biologist
/SG
32
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Literature Cited
Burnham, K. P., D. R. Anderson, G. C. White, C. Brownie, and K. H. Pollock. 1987. Design
and Analysis Methods for Fish Survival Experiments Based on Release-Recapture.
American Fisheries Society Monograph 5, Bethesda, Maryland.
EPRI. 1997b. Guidelines for Hydro Turbine Fish Entrainnlent and Survival Studies. Prepared
by Alden Research Laboratory, Inc., EPRI Report TR-I07299.
Normandeau Associates. 1999. Turbine Passage Survival ofFish at the Columbia Hydroelectric
Project (FERC Project No. 1895) BroadlCongaree Rivers, South Carolina. Prepared for
South Carolina'Electric & Gas Company. NAI Project Number 17679.
Ricker, W. E. 1945. Abundance, Exploitation, and Mortality of Fishes of Two Lakes.
Investigations of Indiana Lakes and Streams 2:345-448.
Ricker, W. E. 1948. Methods of Estimating Vital Statistics ofFish Populations. Indiana
University Publications in Science Series 15.
Wallin, J. and M.J. Van Den Avyle. 1995. Annual Trends and Spatial patterns of Striped Bass
Egg Abundance in the Savannah River. University of Georgia, Georgia Cooperative Fish
and Wildlife Research Unit, Federal Aid Project F-j2, Athens, Georgia.
33
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Development of a Revised Flow Record for the Savannah River
Introduction
The purpose of this technical memorandum is to document the development of an agreed upon
flow record for use in the licensing process for the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project (ACHP).
During the licensing process, Augusta and the resource agencies determined that U.S. Geological
Survey (USGS) flow data (USGS No. 02196484) that had been used for some analyses was of
insufficient quality for those purposes. Augusta acted to develop a revised flow record for
project use in consultation with the agencies. The revised flow record was deemed as suitable by
the agencies and was subsequently used for various analyses and in instream flow discussions.
Back2;round
Stream flow data initially used during licensing activities for the ACHP were based in large part
on records obtained from the USGS gauge for the Savannah River near North Augusta (USGS
No. 02196484). Gauge No. 02196484 represents the only available source of data for direct
measurement of historic stream flows within the reach ofthe Savannah River bypassed by the
Augusta Canal, commonly referred to as the Augusta Shoals.
The USGS (2000) rates the accuracy of gauge No. 02196484 as poor at stream flows below
5,000 cfs due to the difficulty associated with obtaining accurate stream flow measurements in
this hydraulically complex section of river, which contains low head dams and rocky shoals.
During the Savannah River Instream Flow Study (SRIFS), ENTRIX coordinated and shared
stream flow measurements collected in the field with the USGS in efforts to ensure accurate
estimates of stream flows. However, during the SRIFS, ENTRIX relied primarily on its own
field measurements for flows less that 5,000 cfs.
The issues regarding the poor quality of data provided by USGS gauge No. 02196484 were
discussed in an ACHP licensing meeting with the resource agencies held in October 2002.
Augusta concurred with the concerns about the flow data from USGS gauge No. 02196484,
initiated actions to investigate the apparent discrepancies, and began development of a revised
flow record. There was no contention between the resource agencies and Augusta regarding the
need for a revised flow record.
Effects on Proiect-related Reports and Studies
The flow data from the USGS gauge No. 02196484 was }!}resented in various reports during the
licensing consultatiof) process including the initial consl.J!tation package, license application, the
Water Use and Qualiiy Resource Report, and the SRIFS Resource Report. A revised flow record
(see Development of~ Revised Flow Record, below) will be substituted for the data from gauge
No. 02196484 in the tevised license application. The two resource reports, which would be
included as appendic~-s to the revised license application, contain addendums alerting the reader
to the flow gauging issues.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
May 28,2003
34
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Development of a Revised Flow Record for the Savannah River
The underlying data supporting the habitat to How relationships modeled in the SRIFS are
unaffected by the apparent inaccuracy of gauge No. 02196484. The flow-to-habitat modeling
presented in the SRIFS relied upon field measurements of stream flow collected during the
SRIFS field surveys and are valid. These valid flow-to-habitat relationships have been the driver
for instream flow considerations for both the resource agencies and Augusta during the licensing
and consultation phases ofthis project.
The analyses of hourly flow data in the Augusta Shoals and habitat duration analyses presented
in Section 8 and Appendices F, G, and H of the SRIFS report are affected by potential
inaccuracies of gauge No. 02196484. The information contained in these sections, which have
not been the basis for instream flow discussions by either the resource agencies or Augusta, are
clearly identified in the SRIFS addendum as preliminary and subject to change.
Development of a Revised Flow Record
Augusta developed a revised flow data set for the Savannah River in close consultation with the
resource agencies. Augusta used the daily average flow record for the Savannah River at
Augusta (USGS gauge No. 02197000) as the base data set and then adjusted the data to account
for intervening inflow that would occur between the ADD and gauge No. 02197000 to produce a
calculated daily average flow record for the Savannah River at the ADD for the years 1955 to
2000 (46 years). Thurmond Reservoir completed filling and achieved final full pool in 1954
(US ACE 2003), so Augusta included data starting in 1955. The last full calendar year for which
final flow data for gauge No. 02197000 was available from the USGS was 2000. The resource
agencies approved the methods for this data set conversion in advance. Additionally, a revised
How record for the Augusta Shoals (daily average flows for 1955 to 2000) was produced by
using the calculated Savannah River at ADD data set and subtracting daily Augusta Canal flows
(actual or estimated). The calculated data sets and duration curves were provided to the resource
agencies in March 2003 and they indicated that the ca1cul~ted flow records were suitable to meet
their needs in a ACHP meeting held in April 2003. The Duration curves included in the revised
Application Exhibit B are based on the revised flow record.
Analvses Performed with the Calculated Flow Records
The revised flow record for the Savannah River at the ADD has been used by Augusta and the
resource agencies in -all continued licensing activities and in stream flow discussions since March
2003. These uses include modeling of Canal effects and Augusta Shoals flow patterns based on
various aquatic base'::flow levels and tiers, development of flow statistics and duration curves for
inclusion in the reviSed license application, instream flow technical memorandums prepared by
Augusta for the agencies, and development of instream flow recommendations by both Augusta
and the resource agencies.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
35
May 28, 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Development of a Revised Flow Record for the Savannah River
Conclusion
Augusta acted to rectify apparent inaccuracy in flow data published by the USGS upon
recognition that the published data was unacceptable for the purposes of the licensing process.
Augusta and the resource agencies agreed that the potential inaccuracy hampered ongoing
analyses and discussions regarding flow issues and worked together to develop mutually agreed-
upon flow records for the Savannah River that satisfied Project-related flow data requirements.
Literature Cited
u.s. Army Corps of Engineers. 2003. Personal communication with Stan Simpson, February
25,2003. .
U.S. Geological Survey. 2000. Water resources-South Carolina, water year 2000. Volume 1.
USGS-WDR-SC-99-1. Columbia, SC.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
36
May 28, 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
Implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals and the
Resulting Flow Regime
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project (FERC No. I 18 10)
Prepared for:
}.UGUSTA
, ,
OLD Q{)\'U N5de;....-r ItOtJSE c 1_
_ 1736 _
GEORG\}.
City of Augusta
and ZEL Engineers
ZEL
Prepared by:
E ~~ ! R i X
March 2003
I
I
Implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals
I
1. INTRODUCTION
I
This document defines the term aquatic base flow for the Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
and describes how seasonally adjusted aquatic base flows may be implemented in the Augusta
Shoals in the context of the City of Augusta's proposed Canal Operating Plan (COP) I. Also
described is the highly managed and variable flow regime of the Savannah River and the
challenges it represents for managing flows on a daily basis. Using assumptions about how
curtailment of Canal diversions may be implemented in the COP, the simulated future flows
that would occur in the Augusta Shoals under a range of aquatic base flows are presented.
I
I
I
The following sections describe how protective aquatic base flows would be maintained in the
Augusta Shoals and how often aquatic base flows would actually occur in the Augusta Shoals
under various aquatic base flow thresholds. The analysis also presents the frequency with
which flows higher the aquatic base flows would occur. Other relevant elements of the
relationship of the aquatic base flows to flow management of the Savannah River by the
Southeast Power Administration (SEPA), U.S. Anny Corps of Engineers (USACE), and
South Carolina Electric and Gas (SCE&G) are also presented for consideration.
I
I
I
I
2. DEFINITION OF AQUATIC BASE FLOWS
I
I
The base flows presented in this document are referred to as aquatic base flows. In the
context of the Augusta Canal Project, aquatic base flows represent the average daily flows
that will be managed for in the operation of the Augusta Canal to result in the protection of
fish and aquatic biota as well as recreational boating in the Augusta Shoals. They are referred
to as aquatic base flows rather than instantaneous minimum flows for two important reasons:
I
First, based on historical flow analysis, flow in the Augusta Shoals would be greater than the
aquatic base flows much of the time, with the percentage oftime being dependent on the
actual flow thresholds implemented. Based on the analysis of historical flow data, total flow
in the SavannaH River at the Augusta Diversion Dam (ADD) would in the future, exceed the
I
I
I
I This technical memorandum is for infonnational purposes and to facilitate discussion with the resource
agencies about alternative aquatic base flow regimes and their implementation. This document does not
represent a proposed action by the City of Augusta.
I
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
March 28. 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals
sum of aquatic base flows and Augusta's total proposed Canal diversions a substantial portion
of the time (see Section 4).
Second, the Southeast Power Administration (SEPA) and the USACE largely control
management of the flow of the Savannah River and weekly, daily and hourly changes in
discharges are the nonn. Combined with the fact that flow in the Canal cannot be changed
rapidly due to physical and operational constraints (see Augusta Canal Operations Plan,
Section 5.1.1, and ZEL 2003), it is not possible to ensure and maintain a continuous
instantaneous minimum flow in the Shoals.
A closely related situation occurs at the Stevens Creek Project (FERC No. 2535), located
immediately upstream of the Augusta Diversion Dam, where the FERC mandated flow
releases are designed to account for highly variable inflows. The Stevens Creek Project has
limited storage and no control over its inflows from Thurmond Dam. Starting in 1996, FERC
required SCE&G re-regulate their average daily outflow to match, within plus or minus 15
percent, the daily declared daily flow release at Thunnond Dam (FERC 1996). In a similar
manner, Augusta must also deal with a highly variable flow regime, but Augusta Canal
Hydropower Project's situation is even more complicated. The Canal has virtually no water
storage capacity, and unanticipated changes in the flows in the Augusta Canal may pose a
threat to life, property, and Canal structural integrity. Examples of discharge at Thurmond
Dam and flow regulation at downstream points are illustrated in Figures I and 2.
The City proposes to reserve aquatic base flows for the Augusta Shoals through a daily flow
allocation process (ZEL 2003) that will be compatible with the delivery of water from
upstream. As described in the City's Canal Operations Plan (ZEL 2003), flow declarations
(projected daily average discharges) for Thunnond Dam are published daily by SEPA. These
daily declarations, combined with estimated inflow for the area between Thunnond Dam and
the ADD, will be used by the City to detennine the Augusta Declaration Flow Rate (the daily
average flow at the Augusta Diversion Dam as defined by the City in its Canal Operating Plan
(ZEL 2003). Essentially, the Augusta Declaration Flow Rate is the Thunnond release
adjusted for additional inflow between Thunnond Dam and the Augusta Diversion Dam).
The Augusta Declaration Flow Rate will be used by Augusta to allocate aquatic base flows to
A ugusta Canal Hydropower Project
2
March 28. 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Implementation oj Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals
the Augusta Shoals as a priority, with the balance being available for the Canal. During
periods when Savannah River flow exceeds the sum of aquatic base flows and Canal needs
(see Section 4), no management action would be required by Augusta and water in excess of
the aquatic base flow would flow through the Shoals.
The resulting flows in the Augusta Shoals could vary on a daily, seasonally, and annual basis
in a way that largely reflects the rainfall and reservoir levels in the Savannah River Basin, as
well as the reservoir and flow management actions by the USACE. Much of the time the total
flow in the river would exceed total Canal needs and aquatic base flows in the Shoals. During
these times, flow in the Augusta Shoals would, depending on the selected aquatic base flow
level, exceed the aquatic base flows by a considerable margin.
During times when total flow of the Savannah River at the ADD is less than the sum of the
Canal need and the aquatic base flow (typically dry to drought periods), the City could curtail
Canal diversions to ensure that the protective aquatic base flows would be maintained.
During such times, the average daily flows in the Shoals would vary around the daily aquatic
base flow target. Actual flows in the Shoals may be higher or lower than the aquatic base
flow target, by an amount roughly equal to variations in the ratio ofSEPA's declared versus
actual USACE flow release from Thurmond Dam as re-regulated by the Steven's Creek
Project.
To determine the expected range of variation in average daily flows arriving at the ADD, an
evaluation of the variances of the Stevens Creek flows was completed. This analysis
characterized the frequency with which average daily release flows were within plus or minus
15 percent of the target flow (average daily flow release from Thurmond Dam). The year
2000 compliance reports from were available from FERC (on the FERRIS system) and were
,
analyzed. SCE&G reported variances greater than 15 percent during 108 days in 2000 (about
30 percent of the time on an annual basis). In those cases when reported flow was outside the
,
plus or minus 1:5 percent target range, 77 percent (about 23 percent of the time on an annual
basis) were instflnces when the Stevens Creek Project had released more water (as measured
at the Savannah River at Augusta gage) than had been projected at Thurmond Dam (average
of 1,443 cfs, median value of 814 cfs, greater than projected). During 23 percent of the 108
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
3
March 28, 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals
days (or about 7 percent of the time on an annual basis) the Stevens Creek Project released
less water than projected at Thurmond Dam (average of 696 cfs and median of 570 cfs less
than projected). It is clear that variations occur, but variations where the Stevens Creek
Project released greater than the projected flow at Thurmond were much more common and
were greater in deviation from the target flow. The USACE exerts much more effective
control of the river at lower flows and accuracy of actual vs. projected flows is much greater
during low flow (personal communication with Donnie Cordell, Southeastern Power
Administration).
3. BASIS FOR PROTECTIVE AQUATIC BASE FLOW REGIME
In preparation for its License Application and to address instream resource needs of the
Augusta Shoals, the City conducted the multi-year Savannah River Instream Flow Study
(ENTRIX, 2002). The purpose of the Instream Flow Study was to provide a sound basis for
determining those seasonal flows needed by resident and anadromous fish in the Augusta
Shoals, as well as flows needed to support recreational boating and other resources and needs.
The Instream Flow Study scoping process was completed with close participation of a group
of state and federal agencies and was supported by a series of reports and technical
documents. The comments, participation, and recommendations of the state and federal
agencies were systematically obtained throughout the process in a series of interactive
consultation, field visits, and progress meetings leading to the final report (ENTRlX, 2002).
The results of the Savannah River Instream Flow Study can be used as a basis to establish
flows to maintain various levels of instream habitat and to develop instream flow thresholds
for flow management. Flow recommendations can be based on a number of important factors
including:
· Amount of habitat (weighted usable area (WUA) per ft211 ,000 ft of stream) in the
Augusta Shoals at various flows for a number of representative fish and invertebrate
specIes
· Percenfofmaximum attainable weighted usable area (PMWUA) at various flows for
the same representative fish and invertebrate species
· Species relative abundance and target population levels
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
4
March 28. 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals
· General aquatic community needs as indicated by habitat use guilds
· Flows needed for fish movement and passage within and through the Augusta Shoals
· Adequate depths and areas for downstream passage of small recreational boats
· Frequency of occurrence of various flow thresholds
· Frequency at which protective flows would occur on a seasonal and annual basis
The instream flow recommendations can be developed by interpreting the results of the study,
considering the flow needs of the key resources of the Augusta Shoals and the hydrology of
the Savannah River.
4. IMPLEMENTATION OF AQUATIC BASE FLOWS
The aquatic base flow regime would be implemented within the context of the USACE's flow
management regime for the Savannah River and the COP. The aquatic base flows would be
implemented with a three-tier system, roughly corresponding to nonnal conditions and two
levels of drought conditions. The two drought-related flow tiers correspond to the USACE's
low flow management actions as outlined in their Drought Management Plan (USACE 1989).
The USACE currently operates its Savannah River facilities according to a Drought
Contingency Plan.
There are four action thresholds that define the USACE's flow management conditions (Table
I). The action thresholds in the USACE's Drought Contingency Plan established in 1989 are
based on reservoir elevations within Hartwell and Thunnond Lakes (USACE 1989).
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
5
March 28. 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals
Table 1. The Four Drought Level Thresholds of the USACE Drought Contingency
Plan (USACE 1989)
Drought Hartwell/Thurmond Reservoir USACE
Level Elevation Action
(msl)
Apr 18 - Oct 15 Dec 1 - J an 1
Distribute public safety
I 656/326 655/325 information
Reduce Thurmond discharge to
2 654/324 652/322 4,500 cfs; reduce Hartwell
discharge as appropriate to
balance lake levels
Reduce Thurmond discharge to
3 646/316 646/316 3,600 cfs; reduce Hartwell
discharge as appropriate to
balance lake levels
Continue level 3 discharge as
4 625/312 625/3 I 2 long as possible; thereafter
outflow equal to inflow
TIER 1 AQUATIC BASE FLOWS
The Tier I aquatic base flow would apply to an Augusta Declaration Flow Rate of 5,400 cfs
or greater. This level generally corresponds to "normal" flows, when the Savannah River is
not in dry or drought conditions. The 5,400-cfs flow corresponds to the dependable safe yield
from Thurmond Reservoir.
TI ER 2 AQUATIC BASE FLOWS
The Tier 2 aquatic base flow would apply to Augusta Declaration Flow Rates between 4,500
cfs and 5,399 c;fs. This aquatic base flow regime is corresponds to the USACE Drought Level
2. During Tier 2 conditions, the Tier I monthly aquatic base would be reduced by a factor of
0.833 (ratio of 4,500 to 5,400).
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
6
March 28. 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals
TIER 3 AQUATIC BASE FLOWS
The Tier 3 aquatic base flow would apply to Augusta Declaration Flow Rates between 3,600
and 4,499 cfs. This aquatic base flow regime corresponds to the USACE Drought Level 3.
During Tier 3 conditions, the Tier I monthly aquatic base would be reduced by a factor of
0.667 (ratio of 3,600 to 5,400).
5. FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF AQUA TIC BASE FLOWS UNDER
FUTURE CONDITIONS
DEVELOPMENT OF THE REVISED SA V ANNAH RIVER HISTORICAL FLOW RECORD
After the SRlFS was published, further review and comparison with other data sources
revealed that the reliability of the data from the North Augusta Gauge was in question, and
that other methods should be used to develop a longer and more reliable historic stream flow
record for the Augusta Shoals. Two other USGS gauges, Augusta Canal at Augusta (USGS
#02] 96485) and Savannah River at Augusta (USGS #0219700), also measure stream flow in
the Savannah River and Augusta Canal. The Augusta Canal gage measures the portion of
Savannah River flows that are diverted to the Augusta Canal, and the Savannah River at
Augusta gage measures the entire flow of the Savannah River at a point 12.5 miles
downstream of Augusta Canal return flows.
Neither the Augusta Canal gage nor the Savannah River at Augusta gage provides a direct
measurement of flows in the Augusta Shoals. A method was developed to subtract the daily
Augusta Canal flow from the Savannah River at Augusta flows, and to adjust flows to account
for the additional drainage area between Thurmond Dam and the Augusta Diversion Dam.
This method was developed with review by relevant state and Federal resource agencies.
FREQUENCY OF AQUATlC BASE FLOWS 1955 - 2000
Estimates were made of the flow conditions that would occur in the Augusta Shoals under the
Canal Operating Plan with aquatic base flows, based on the] 955 - 2000 constructed
historical flow record, excluding the reservoir filling periods of 196] -1962 and 1983-1984.
An analysis was developed to estimate the flows that would occur in the Augusta Shoals
under various aquatic base flow levels.
A ugusta Canal Hydropower Project
7
March 28, 2003
I
I
I
Implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals
I
Using the baseline historical flow data described above (daily flows for the period 1955 -
2000), the following steps were completed to estimate average daily Canal and Shoals flows.
The calculations were completed using the following steps
I
I
· Based on the average daily flow, an aquatic base flow tier was assigned for each day
in the flow record (all inflows lower than 3,600 cfs were assigned the lowest aquatic
base flow; this was less than 0.1 percent of all daily flows)
· The selected aquatic base flow was allocated to the Augusta Shoals, then an amount
up to or equal to the Canal needs was allocated to the Canal 2.
· If sufficient water was available to accommodate the aquatic base flow and the
specified Canal need, any remainder was assumed to flow through the Augusta Shoals,
(as would normally happen)
· If insufficient water was available to accommodate the aquatic base flow and the
Canal need for that month, the Augusta Canal inflow was curtailed to a level necessary
to ensure that the aquatic base flow was met in the Augusta Shoals
· The resulting data was a daily record of flows for the Augusta Shoals and Augusta
Canal flows for the 1955 - 2000 period of record.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The 1955 - 2000 flow time series for the Augusta Shoals was used to compute monthly flow
duration tables on an annual and monthly basis.
A range of aquatic base flows were analyzed (Table 2) in order to provide a range of results
for a variety of possible aquatic base flow regimes.
I
I
I
2 The specified Cabal flow need was as follows: December through February was 3,650 cfs, March through May
was 3,750 cfs, andJune through November was 3,850 cfs, representing the average conditions projected over
twenty years.
I
I
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
8
March 28. 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Implementation oj Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals
Table 2. Tiered Flows for a Variety of Potential Aquatic Base Flow Thresholds
(daily average flow in cfs).
Aquatic Base Tier 1 Augusta Tier 2 Augusta Tier 3 Augusta
Flows Declaration Flow Declaration Flow Declaration .Flow Rate:
Rate 2: 5,400 cfs Rate: 4,500 cfs to 3,600 cfs to 4,499 cfs
5,399 cfs
1 4,000 3,330 2,670
2 3,500 2,920 2,340
3 3,000 2,500 2,000
4 2,500 2,080 1,670
5 2,000 1,670 1,330
6 1,500 1,250 1,000
The percentage of time that flows in the Augusta Shoals would in the future be at or above a
given flow are summarized in Tables 3 - 8 for various aquatic base flow thresholds. Example
results are described below to illustrate how the results can be used and interpreted. The
results described below are general descriptions of two arbitrarily selected aquatic base flow
schemes. Any desired range of Tier 1 ABS between 1,500 cfs and 4,000 cfs can be evaluated
on the basis of data presented in Tables 3 - 8.
Table 3 summarizes the flows in the Augusta Shoals that would occur if the aquatic base flow
levels of 4,000 cfs (Tier 1), 3,330 cfs (Tier 2), and 2,670 cIs (Tier 3) were to be implemented.
With this aquatic base flow regime in place, average daily flows would always exceed 2,670
cfs in the Augusta Shoals throughout the year. The annual median flow would be
approximately 4,300 cfs. Fifty (50) percent of the time on an annual basis, flows in the
Shoals would be between 6,000 cfs (flow equaled or exceeded 25 percent of the time; Table
3) and approximately 4,300 cfs (flow equaled or exceeded 75 percent of the time; Table 3).
Monthly flow regimes would differ depending on upstream .flow releases. In April, for
example, the median flow would be about 4,300 cfs, and flows greater than 6,000 cfs would
occur more than 39 percent of the time. Eighty five percent of the time in April, flows in the
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
9
March 28, 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
..,
implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals
Augusta Shoals would be greater than 3,600 cfs. In October, the median flow would be about
4,300 cfs, and flows greater than 5,000 cfs would occur more than 14 percent of the time.
Table 6 summarizes the flows in the Augusta Shoals that would occur if the aquatic base flow
levels of 2,500 cis (Tier 1),2,083 cis (Tier 2), and 1,668 cis (Tier 3) were to be implemented.
With this aquatic base flow regime in place, average daily flows would always exceed 1,660
cfs in the Augusta Shoals throughout the year. The annual median flow would be
approximately 2,900 cfs. Fifty (50) percent of the time on an annual basis, flows in the
Shoals would be between 6,000 cfs (flow equaled or exceeded 25 percent of the time; Table
6) and approximately 2,500 cfs (flow equaled or exceeded 75 percent of the time; Table 6).
Monthly flow regimes would differ depending on upstream flow releases. In April, for
example, the median flow would be about 3,900 cfs, and flows greater than 6,000 cfs would
occur more than 39 percent of the time. Eighty-six percent of the time in April, flows in the
Augusta Shoals would be greater than 2,400 cfs. In October, the median flow would be about
2,500 cfs, and flows greater than 5,000 cfs would occur more than 14 percent of the time.
Higher aquatic base flows result in a greater frequency of occurrence of flows in certain flow
ranges. For example, with an aquatic base flow of 4,000 cfs (Tier I), 3,330 cfs (Tier 2), and
2,670 cfs (Tier 3), flows in the Augusta Shoals are at 4,200 cfs to 4,000 cfs about 38 percent
of the time. In contrast, the lower the aquatic base flow, the more variable the flow regime is
in the low to mid flow range. For example, for the aquatic base flow scheme 2,500 cfs (Tier
I), 2,083 cfs (Tier 2), and 21,668 cfs (Tier 3), there is less concentration of flow in a specific
range. For this aquatic base flow regime the greatest concentration of flows is in the range of
2,400 cfs to 2,600 cfs, where the flows would be about 20 percent of the time on an annual
basis.
Finally, it should be noted that the aquatic base flow regime has little affect on the frequency
of occurrence of higher flows. Considering flows greater than 4,500 cfs, the higher flow
regime is very similar among the various potential aquatic base flow regimes.
A ugusta Canal Hydropower Project
10
March 28. 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals
6. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF AQUATIC BASE
FLOWS
Flow recommendations were not developed for Augusta Declaration Flow Rates less than
3,600 cfs, as could happen if the USACE implemented Drought Level 4. Outflow may equal
inflow at Thurmond Dam under Drought Level 4, but this level has not been implemented
since the USACE's current drought management plan was initiated in 1989, a period that
includes two of the most significant droughts on record. We did not develop recommended
base flows for the "outflow equals inflow" scenario, as there is no minimum flow requirement
at Thurmond Dam under these conditions. We anticipate this scenario would apply to an
extreme drought, which should be rare over the long term.
Additionally, calculated daily average flows in the Savannah River at the ADD were less than
3,600 cfs approximately 0.1 percent of the time from 1955 to 2000, excluding the reservoir
filling periods. In the event of an extremely severe drought where the "outflow equals
inflow" scenario was either implemented or declared by the USACE to be imminent, it would
be prudent for Augusta to reduce aquatic base flows and Augusta Canal flows
proportionately, and/or the City could consult with the resource agencies regarding an
appropriate flow regime for the Augusta Shoals. At that time, the anticipated level of flow at
Thurmond Dam and the anticipated duration of the low flow event would be better understood
and could be evaluated in coordination with the resource agencies in consideration of season
and identified priorities.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
] ]
March 28. 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals
7. LITERATURE CITED
ENTRIX. 2002. Savannah River Instream Flow Study Resource Report, Augusta Canal
Hydropower Project.
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. 1996. Order Modifying and Approving Operating
Plan, South Carolina Electric and Gas, Stevens Creek Project (FERC No. 2535), dated
September 13, 1996.
Southeastern Power Administration. 2003. Personal communication with Donnie Cordell of
SEP A on March II, 2003.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1989. Savannah River Basin Drought Contingency Plan,
March 1989.
ZEL Engineers. 2003. Augusta Canal Hydropower Project, Augusta Canal Operations Plan.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
12
March 28, 2003
I
I
implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals
I
Thunnond Dam Release
(Source: USACE)
,...,.
I
70000
,.
. ''''''
!
"""
,??oo
I
I
Stage Above Stevens Cr..k Dam
(USGS Gage No. 021964a3)
75 --_'__'__~_"..~_
70
I
'"
"
..
'"
I
I
Augusta Canal Olveraiona
(USGS G.... No. 02'36485)
Augusta Shoals Row
(USGS Gage No. 02'96484'
I
1??oo
9000
"""
~7000
. """
j"""
-"""
JOCO
"'"
''''''
.
._--------_._----~
I
6
j~~...'...
~= \ ,
2000 V
t~ !
.0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7
4
5
,
i
.,
I
I
Savannah River at Augusta Aow
(USGS Gage No. 02197000)
I
1??oo
lOOO
"""
f71l<XJ
- """
~5000
-"""
"""
2000
lOOO
.
I
I
Figure 1.
Discharge from Thurmond Dam and River
Downstream on the Savannah River Showing
During a Seven-Day Period of Moderate Flows
Flow at Points
Flow Regulation
I
I
I
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
13
March 28.2003
I
I
I
implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals
I
Thunnond Dam Release
(Source: USACE)
25tOO __._... - _. M___~..._....__...' . _, . -_._ ._..___."..__
I
20000
~
: 15000
!
,??oo
5000
I
I
Stage Above Stevana CrHk Dam
(USGS G-Ue No. 02196483)
7~ ---".
--------~
!
,.
I
."
{n
a:71
10
'"
eo
"
I
I
Auogusta CanaJ Ofvoralona
(USGS G_ No. 02196405)
AUliluata Shoals Row
(USGS Gago No. 0219&484)
I
lOOlO -
??oo
""'"
<7000
. ""'"
j.5OO)
-"""
"..
2000
'000
D
l00J0 ..-----.,.-..-.~- - - '-'-'--'--~".'"
flOOl
"'"
i:
~5000
--
"..
2000
'000
D
I
I
Sav.nnah RIver at Augua18 Flow
(USGS Gaogll No. 02197000)
I
,??oo
flOOl
8000
f7DOO
_ 6000
a"""
--
"..
2DOO
1000
o
I
I
I
Figure 2.
qischarge From Thurmon'd Dam and River
Downstream on the Savannah River Showing
During a Seven-Day Period of Low Flows
Flow at Points
Flow Regulation
I
I
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
14
March 28, 2003
.
.
~
'\:J
--
(';>
::!
(';>
:::s
~
.....
o'
:::s
~
::r,.
-t:l
l:::
t:l
.....
n'
b::l
t;
(';>
?1
o
~
s.
~
(';>
::r,.
l:::
~
~
~
o
t:l
c;;-
"d;J>....,
~..c~
~ ~ 2:
~ ..... (1)
= 00.....,
..... tXj{J
o ~ 0
......cn::s
-....](1)0-
" 'Tj _.
S' 0' g.
~ :e ::s
(jcn-
~O'
;;-~
C':-:'
[....,
~ _.
Q.~
~-;
rQ ~
C .
'" 0
.....0
~ .0
fJJ....,
=- _.
o ~
~ N
{;;'II
~.....,
OW
~ .:::;
(;;' ....,
;... ~.
..... ...,
o .....,
., 11
~ N
0'"
o 0\
<: -..I
~ 0
.....
=-
~
(;j
~
Q
~
0"
~
.....
.....
\0
Ul
Ul
~
=
Q.
N
Q
Q
Q
en
O\~~~~~~~~~~"""""""""""""""NNNNN-----OOO\~N -0.....
OOOO\~NOOOO\~NOOOO\~NOOOO\~NOOO~~~goooo r"> 0 ;;l
~:::; ~
ooooooooooooooggggggggoooooooo '-' S
00000000000000
NNNNNN.....,.....,.....,~OOOOOOOO~~~ooooooooooooq ~
=
~O\O\_..IOO~O-~NOO-~....., O\OOOOOOOOOOOOq =
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c
e:.
~,......-----,......---........ - c..,
.....,~~~~~~~~~OOOOOOOO~~~OOOOOOOOOOOO 01
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0' ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ =
~~~~~~~~~O\OOOOOOOO~~~OOOOOOOOOOOOo ~
OO~ONN"""~~OO"""O\O\_..IOO~ 0\0000000000000 tD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c::r
-------,........-_--- ==
~~~~~~~~O\O\OOOOOO~~~~OOOOOOOOOOOOO
O-.....,~~O\-..IOO-~-..I-..IOOOO\O\O\OOOOOOOOOOOOO ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
-----,......----,......-- >
.....,.....,~~~~~~~~OOOOOOOO~~~OOOOOOOOOOOOO
~~O-N.....,~~OO.....,~~~OOO\-..IOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 'C
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
"'t1
tD
------------- == .,
NNN.....,.....,.....,.....,.....,.....,~-..I-..I-..IOO~~~OOOOOOOOOOOOO t'l
tD
-..IOO~O-N.....,~-..I.....,O\O\-..IONN~OOOOOOOOOOOOO ~ =
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ '< .....
0
.....
.....
------,......,......,......--- - Er
---NNNNNN.....,-..I-..I-..IOO~~~OOOOOOOOOOOO 0 c.., tD
-..I-..IOOO-N.....,~~O\~~O\-N~O\OOOOOOOOOOOO 0 C S
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ =
== tD
.....
0 0
= .,
..... tD
-----,......------ - =- ;.<
-----.....,-..I-..I-..IOO~~~OOOOOOOOOOOO 0 c.., r">
~~~~O-NNOOO-..l-..l~~~~-..IOOOOOOOOOOOO 0 C tD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ - tD
Co
tD
Co
---,......--,......,......,......--_.....- ~
-------N.....,OOOOOOOO~~~OOOOOOOOOOOOO
~O-N~~~OO.....,O\NN.....,-..I~O\-..IOOOOOOOOOOOOO C
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ aQ
.-....--1--"---.......---,...... - en
----NOOOOOOOO~~~OOOOOOOOOOOO 0
~~~~~O-N-..I~NNO\~-..I-..IOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 0 tD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ 'C
--,......---------- 0
---------N-..I-..I-..IOO~~~OOOOOOOOOOOOO
NNNWW~~O\~~~~OO~NWO\OOOOOOOOOOOOO r">
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .....
--------NN~~~OOOO~~OOOOOOOOOOOOO Z
~~O\O\O\-..IOO~-OONN~O~OWOOOOOOOOOOOOO 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ <
NW.....,WWW.....,W.....,~-..I-..I-..I-..I~~~OOOOOOOOOOOO - 0
0
~O-NW.....,~~_..I-_..I_..IOO~N~ 000000000000 0 tD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ r">
::r,.
~
t;
~
Q
:::s
t:l
--
~
~
.g
o
;:;
(\)
...
~
~
(';>0
()
.....
-
~
~
...
()
~
'"
?o
'"
c::>
c::>
l..v
~
"\:l
-.
(\)
::s
(\)
::s
-
~
c"
::s
~
::t..
~
::::
~
;:;"
tI:l
I:l
'"
(\)
~
Cl
~
5"
~
(\)
::t..
~
::::
'"
t:i
~
Cl
I:l
1:;'
"C~>-I
I'D ..0 III
"'l ::: 0-
n III -
I'D ..... (1)
= n'-l"-
-
o OJ n
.....~o
...,(1)5-
... ." -"
30"='
I'D :E g
(j"'N
~....--
_0
n fij>
=':-:'
[>-I
I'D -"
Q.~
~7
rCl l.o.>
= Vl
'" 0
_ 0
~ y
rJ):j
=-(1)
o ....
~ N
t;;"1I
~JV
- '_0
o N
=;.0
r;;" >-I
> 0;"
-;:
~ II
~ N
c:rw
o -l"-
-< 0
I'D
-
=-
I'D
o
~
=-
~
c:r
I'D
~
....
\0
(Jl
(Jl
~
=
Q.
N
C
C
C
00
~VlVlVlVlVl-l"--l"--l"--l"--l"-l.o.>l.o.>l.o.>l.o.>l.o.>NNNNN--~-OOO~-l"- N ....--0...
OOO~-l"-NOOO~-l"-NOOO~-l"-NOoo~-l"-NOOO~ N 000 0 n 0 ~
00000000000000000000000000000 0 c;:> =; ~
00000000000000000000000000 '-" :3
NNNNNNl.o.>l.o.>l.o.>l.o.>l.o.>-l"-VlOOOOOO'-O'-O'-Ooooooooooo - >
0 =
Vl~~~OO'-OO-l.o.>-l"-~l.o.>VlOOl.o.>l.o.>-l"-VlOOOOOOOOOO 0 =
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ C
0 e:.
-~--~..........---- - ""
l.o.>-l"--l"--l"--l"--l"--l"--l"--l"-VlVlVl~OOOOOO'-O'-O'-Ooooooooooo 0
'-OONl.o.>-l"-Vl~~'-OO-~VlNNVlNNVlOOOOOOOOOO 0: ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~. =
i
-l"--l"-VlVlVlVlVlVlVlVl~~~OOOOOO'-O~'-Ooooooooooo - "!j
0
OO'_OONNl.o.>-l"-Vl~'_O-~-l"-~~'_O-l"- ~OOOOOOOOOO 0 ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ r::r
-,....-------- - ~
VlVlVlVlVlVlVlVlVl~~~~OOOO'-O'-O'-O'-Ooooooooooo 0
O-l.o.>-l"-Vl~~OO'-O-NVlW~~O~~~oooooooooo 0 ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ""l
0
---------- - >
l.o.>l.o.>-l"--l"--l"--l"--l"--l"--l"--l"--l"-Vl~OOOOOO'-O'-O'-Ooooooooooo 0
'-O'-OO-Nl.o.>-l"-Vl~~'-OVlVl-l"--l"-~~~~oooooooooo 0 "C
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ "'l
0
'"C
~
NNNWWl.o.>Wl.o.>Wl.o.>l.o.>-l"-Vl~~~'-O'-O'-Ooooooooooo - ~ "'l
0 n
~OO'-OO-Nl.o.>-l"-~~'-OVl-l"-~~'-ONNl.o.>OOOOOOOOOO 0 ~ ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ '< =
...
0
.... ,
...
s" ,
- ,
---NNNNNNNWl.o.>Vl~~~'-O'-O'-Ooooooooooo "" ~ ,
0
~~OOO-NWVl~OOOOOO-l"--l"-'-ON-l"-~OOOOOOOOOO 0 C :3
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ =
~ ~
...
0 0
= "'l
... ~
---------- - ::r ~
-------N-l"-~~OO'-O'-O'-Ooooooooooo 0 "" n
~~~~O-NNVl~OO~N~~--l"-Vl~oooooooooo 0 C ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ - ~
Q.
~
Q.
--------NNW~OOOOOO~~~oooooooooo - >
0
'-OO-N-l"--l"-VlOO'-ON-l"-l.o.>OONNVlVlVl~oooooooooo 0 C
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ (JQ
---------- -
------N-l"-OOOOOO'-O'-O'-Ooooooooooo 0 00
~~~~~O-Nl.o.>VlOO'-O~NN-l"-~~OOoooooooooo 0 ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ "C
---------- -
-----------N-l"-~~~'-O'-O'-Ooooooooooo 0 0
NNNl.o.>W-l"-Vl~~~'-O'-O~VlVl~NWVlOOOOOOOOOO 0 n
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ...
---------- - Z
---------NNN-l"-~~~OO'-O'-Ooooooooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ..:
Nl.o.>Wl.o.>l.o.>Wl.o.>l.o.>Wl.o.>l.o.>-l"-Vl~~OO'-O'-O'-Ooooooooooo - 0
0
'-OO-NWW-l"--l"-Vl~~W-l"-~~NNNVlOOOOOOOOOO 0 ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ n
::t..
~
'"
t:i
Q
::s
I:l
-.
$
~
.g
Cl
~
(\)
...,
"0
...,
~
(\)"
Q.
-
~
~
~
~
'"
s:>o
'"
c;:,
c;:,
.....,
fi
'\5
-.
(\)
:i
(\)
::s
~
.....
c'
::s
~
~
~
t::
~
i)'
t7;l
a
(\)
~
o
~
s.
.....
::s-
(\)
~
~
'"
i::l
~
o
l:l
(;;-
;>...,
..0 $:ll
C cr"
$:ll -
..... (T>
n'Vl
ton
~ 0
(T> ::l
"Tj8:
-.....
o _.
~ g
(j<llt..J
~,-..
_0
r'l <ir'
c':-:'
[...,
I'D _.
c::l.!:li
~-;
fQ t..J
C 0
'" 0
.... 0
~ .
rFJ""
:r (ii'
o ....
~ N
(;i II
~..tV
Vl
o
.0
...;
(ii'
....
t..J
II
..tV
o
o
o
\C
N
Q
Q
Q
en ,
~VlVlVlVlVl~~~~~t..Jt..Jt..Jt..Jt..JNNNNN-----OO~~ N ,-..::::3....
OOO~~NOOO~~NOOO~~NOOO~~NOOO~~NOOOO 0 r'l 0 .,
~ ~ ~ ,
00000000000000000000000000000 0 ,
00000000000000000000000000 '-' 3
,
I
,
:> ,
,
NNNNNNWt..Jt..JWt..JWt..J~VlOOOOOO~~~~~~~~~~~~ ,
::I ,
Vl~~~OO~O-t..J~~~~~wot..J~wwoooooooooo ::I ,
~ ~ ~";f? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~";f? ~ ~.~ ~ ~ ~.~ a'( a'( c
~
t..J~~~~~~~~VlVlVlVlVl~OOOOOO~~~~oo~oo~~ ....-
0 '-..:
~ONW~Vl~~~O-WVl~~N~~Nt..Jooooooooo 0 ~
~a'(a'(a'(~~~~a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(";f?a'(a'(a'(a'(~a'(a'(~~~a'(~~~ ~ ::I
~~VlVlVlVlVlVlVlVl~~~~~oooo~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "rl
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OO~~~~~~~~~~ I'D
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ C'
~~l--'~~~~_~t--' :::
VlVlVlVlVlVlVlVlVl~~~~~~oo~~~~oooooooooo
O-t..J~Vl~~OO~-Nt..JVl\C~OOOt..J~~oooooooooo ~ ,
a'(a'(~a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(~a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(~~~~~a'(~~~ ., ,
I
,
I
t..Jw~~~~~~~~~VlVlVl~OOOO~~~~~~~~o~o~o ,
:> ,
~~O-NW~Vl~~\C-t..JOO~~OO-~~oooooooooo 't:l l
~~~~~~~a'(~~a'(~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ., I
I
I
"'de
I'D .
NNNt..JWWt..JWWt..Jt..J~~~Vl~OOOO\C~~~~~~~~~~~ ::: ., (
r'l :
~OO~O-NW~~~~-t..JOO~~-VlNNoooooooooo I'D
~ ::I
~~a'(~";f?~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ '< .... I
o (
-, .
....
-. (
---NNNNNNNWWt..J~~~~oo~~~~o~~~~~~~ 3 .
~ I'D .
~~OOO-Nt..JVl~OOON~N~~OOt..JNNoooooooooo C 3 ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'( ::I .
::: I'D c
.... :
0 0
::I ., t
.... I'D I
-------NNN~~OOOO~~oooooooooo :r ~ .
~ r'l :
~~~~O-NNVl~OOOt..JOOO~-~~~oooooooooo E. I'D I
~~~~a'(~a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(~a'(a'(~~~~a'(~~~a'(~a'(~~~~ I'D I
Q,..
I'D .
Q,..
---------- :>
--------NNNNW~OOOO~~~oooooooooo
~O-N~~VlOO~N~~~Vl~NVlOVlVloooooooooo C
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ IJQ
----------
------NNN~OOOOOO~~oooooooooo en
~~~~~O-NWVl~Ot..J~-NWOO~~oooooooooo I'D
~~~~~~~~~~a'(a'(~~~~~~~~a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'(a'( 't:l
----------
-----------NNNW~~OO~\Coooooooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ r'l
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ....
.......--------- Z
---------NNNNNW~~OOOOOOoooooooooo
~Vl~~~~OO~~OO-WOOOON~O~~oooooooooo 0
~~~~~a'(~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a'(a'(~a'(a'(a'(a'( <
---------- 0
Nt..JWWWWt..JWWWWW~~Vl~OOOO\C~OOOOOOOOOO
~O-NWW~~Vl~~OOOWN~-~NNOOOOOOOOOO I'D
a'(a'(~a'(~~a'(a'(a'(~a'(a'(a'(a'(~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ r'l
~
~
t::
'"
~
~
::s
l:l
-.
~
~
.g
o
~
(\)
"
~
~
",'
~
-
~
~
~
::s-
"-'
.?o
"-'
<::>
<::>
Uv
3'
'1::J
~
i:!
1Il
;:s
....
~
o'
;:s
~
~
o.t:)
s::
~
(';.
t:tI
t:l
'"
1Il
~
o
~
s.
s..
1Il
~
~
s::
'"
i:i
~
o
t:l
;;;-
"'Cl;l>~
tD...oll>
~ ~ ~
tD ~ (l>
::I ().O\
.....
o to n
...~o
..,(l>2-
_. ~-.
30"::'
tD :E g
(j"'.j::.
~...--
_0
n 1ir'
=-~
~~
roD _.
Q.!!:
~-;
'0 N
== Vl
'" 0
.... 0
~ .
r.n:j
="'(l>
o ...,
~ N
~ II
~..N
o
00
.0
~
(D'
...,
VJ
II
0\
_...J
o
\Cl
tJl
N
c::>
c::>
c::>
rJl
o\VlVlVlVlVl.j::..j::..j::..j::..j::.VJVJVJVJVJNNNNN-----OOo\.j::. N ...--:::1.....
Oooo\.j::.NOooO\.j::.NO OOo\.j::.NOOOo\.j::.NOooO\.j::.NOOOO 0 n 0 ~
00000000000000000000000000000 0 ~ ~ ~
00000000000000000000000000 '-' 3
NNNNNNVJVJVJVJVJVJVJ.j::..j::..j::.VlO\OOoo~~ooooooo - >
0 ::I
VlO\O\-...Joo~O-VJ.j::.O\-...J~NVlooVJNN-...J.j::.O\OOOOdOO 0 ::I
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ;g ==
0 ~
---~..-~-_.......~
VJ.j::..j::..j::..j::..j::..j::..j::..j::.VlVlVlVlVlO\O\O\-...Joooo~~oooooooo '"'
~ONVJ.j::.VlO\-...J~O-VJVl-...JOVJVlOVJooVJO\oooooooo ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::I
.j::..j::.VlVlVlVlVlVlVlVlO\O\O\O\O\-...J-...J-...Joo~~~oooooooo "rl
oo~ONNVJ.j::.Vl-...J~-VJVlO\~OVJ~-...JOVlO\oooooooo ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ a'
VlVlVlVlVlVlVlVlVlO\O\O\O\O\O\-...J-...J-...Joo~~~oooooooo ~
O-VJ.j::.VlO\-...Joo~-NVJVl-...Joo-NOO~--...J~oooooooo ~ ,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ '"'l ,
,
I
,
VJVJ.j::..j::..j::..j::..j::..j::..j::..j::..j::.VlVlVlVlO\~O\oo~~~ooooooo - ,
0 > ,
~~O-NVJ.j::.VlO\_...J~-VJO\OO- ~O\-O\ooooooooo 0 "C I
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ '"'l ,
I
I
"el'
NNNVJVJVJVJVJVJVJVJ.j::..j::..j::..j::.VlVlO\-...JOO~~ooooooo - ~ ~ ;
0 n .
-...JOO~O-NVJ.j::.O\-...J~-VJO\OONVlN~VlVJVlooooooo 0 tD '
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ::I .
'< .....c
o (
..., .
.....
_. I
---NNNNNNNVJVJVJVJ.j::..j::.VlVl-...JOO~~ooooooo 3 .
0 '"' tD .
-...J-...JOOO-NVJVlO\ooONO\~NVl-oo~VJVJ.j::.ooooooo 0 s:: 3 ,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ::I .
~ ~ c
..... :
0 0
::I '"'l C
~ (l> I
.......~-----NNNWW~~OOOO~~oooooooo :l" ~ ,
'"' n :
~~~~O-NNVlO\OOOVJO\--...JO\-...JNO\.j::.Vloooooooo c (l> I
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - (l> I
Q..
(l> .
Q.~
------..............- >
--------NNNNVJVJ.j::.VlO\OOoo~~OOOOOOO 0
~O-N.j::..j::.Vloo~N.j::.O\~VJ-...JN-NVlooVlO\ooooooo 0 C
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ IJQ
------NNNWW~~OO~~~ooooooo -
0 rJl
O\~~~~O-NVJVl-...JOVJO\OO\VlVlVlO-...Jooooooooo 0 ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ;g "C
0
-----------NNNNNW~~OO~~ooooooo -
0 0
NNNVJVJ.j::.VlO\-...J-...J~-N.j::.o\~.j::.Vl-...JVJNVlOOOOOOO 0 n
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ -
---------NNNNNNNW~~OOOO~oooooooo Z
.j::.VlO\O\O\-...Joo~~OO-VJ.j::.o\ooVlVlVl-~-OOOOOOOO 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ <
NVJVJVJVJVJVJVJVJVJVJVJ.j::..j::..j::..j::.VlVl_...Joo~~ooooooo -
0 0
~O-NVJVJ.j::..j::.VlO\-...JooOOVJO\O~~VlVJVlOOOOOOO 0 (l>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ f')
~
~
'"
i:i
Q
;:s
t:l
......
$
~
.g
o
~
~
'-0
...,
~
lIl'
~
....
-
00
~
...,
~
::s-
l'v
.?o
l'v
<:::>
c::.
l..o.>
~
'\::l
.......
!\)
~
!\)
:::s
....
t::,
....
o'
:::s
~
~
~
s:::
~
;::;.
tl::l
~
!\)
~
c
~
s.
~
!\)
~
~
s:::
'"
is"
~
c
t::,
c;;;-
"t1;>.....,
l'P .0 tl>
""l C CT
n tl> -
l'P ..... ro
= 0'-...]
~OJ(")
-.1;;0
...,ros..
-. 'Tl _.
30":::::.
l'P < g
(j"'Vl
to; '0'
n~
=':-:'"
[--l
l'P _.
Q.~
~-;
rQ N
= 0
OIl 0
..... 0
to; .
rJ):j
:-ro
o ....
to; N
{;;"II
~.:-
- 0\
-...]
.0
--l
0;.
....
VJ
II
VJ
VJ
o
o
\J"J
O\VlVlVlVlVl~~~~~VJVJVJVJVJNNNNN-----ooO\~ N -;:):::1:;-
OOOO\~NOOOO\~NOOOO\~NOOOO\~NOOOO\~NOOOO 0 ....Ol'P
00000000000000000000000000000 0 ell :=E to;
00000000000000000000000000 '-' i3
NNNNNNVJVJVJVJVJVJVJ~~~VlVlO\O\OOOO~~~~~~~~ >
=
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ =
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ =
~
VJ~~~~~~~~VlVlVlVlVlO\O\O\O\_...]_...]oooo~~~~~~~5 "'"
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ to;
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ =1
~~VlVlVlVlVlVlVlVlO\O\O\O\O\_"']_"']_"']_"']oooooo~~~~oooo ~
OO~ONNVJ~Vl-"']~-VJVlO\~OVJO\~NO\OOVlOOoooooo l'P
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ C"
VlVlVlVlVlVlVlVlVlO\O\O\O\O\O\-...]-...]_"']-...]oooooo~~~~~~~~ 3::
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "l
,
,
VJVJ~~~~~~~~~VlVlVlVlO\O\O\_"']_"']oooo~~~~~~~~ ,
> ,
~~O-NVJ~VlO\-"']~-VJO\oo-~O\oVJ~-"']_"']~oooooo "0 :
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "l
I
I
'"C(
NNNVJVJVJVJVJVJVJVJ~~~~VlVlVlO\O\_"']OO~~~~~~~~ ::: ~ ;
t":> .
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ l'P .
to; = .
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ '-<: ..... l
o (
..., .
..... .
-. I
---NNNNNNNVJVJVJVJ~~~VlVlO\_"']OO~~~~~~~~ i3 .
"'" l'P .
-"']-"']OOO-NVJVlO\OOONO\~NVl~~~NO\-~_"']oooooo = i3 ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ =
3:: l'P
.....
0 0
= "l
..... l'P
~------NNNWW~~~~~oo~~oooooo =- ~
"'" n
~~~~O-NNVlO\OOOVJO\-_"']VJo_"']~ooVJO\oooooooo = l'P
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - l'P
Co
l'P
Co
--------NNNNWW~~~~~oooo~~oooooo >
~O-N~~VlOO~N~O\~VJ_...]N~VlN~VJVlO\OOoooooo =
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (fQ
------NNNWW~~~~oooo~~oooooo \J"J
~~~~~O-NVJVl-...]OVJO\OO\VJ~OOVlVJO\_...]~oooooo l'P
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "0
-----------NNNNNWW~~~OO~~ooooo -
0 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 t":>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ .....
---------NNNNNNNWW~~~~~~oooooo :2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~
NVJVJVJVJVJVJVJVJVJVJVJ~~~~VlVlO\O\_"']_"']~~~o~o~o 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ l'P
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ t":>
~
s:::
OQ
s:::
'"
1:)
~
:::s
t:l
.......
$
E}
.g
c
~
!\)
....
~
<-2
!\).
<l
....
-
~
~
~
:::s--
"-'
,00
"-'
~
~
......
~
'I:J
--
(ll
21
(ll
;:s
~
0'
;:s
~
::t..
oJ:::>
~
~
K
tl:l
l::l
'"
(ll
~
Cl
~
;:s'
~
(ll
::t..
~
'"
t:l
€:i2
Cl
l::l
0;,
"'d;>...,
~.oP>
"'I c 0-
n p> -
~ __ (1)
= 0' 00
.....
o to (")
-.elo
...,(1)[
-. 'T1 _.
3 -:=-.
~ ~ g
("')"'0\
Ilo'n
r;-~
c':-:"
[...,
~ _.
Q..~
~7,"
I'Q -
C v.
'" 0
..... 0
Ilo' ~
'J):j
::'(1)
o ...,
Ilo' N
;;; II
~,;-
- N
o v.
::;?
~. ...,
> (jj'
..... ...,
o W
"'I II
Ilo' -
0".
o 0
-<: 0
~ 0
.....
::'
~
Gi
~
tv
Q
Q
Q
(J)
O\v.v.v.v.v.~~~~~WWWWWNNNNN-____ooO\~ N t=;':::3:;-
OOOO\~NOOOO\~NOOOO\~NOOOO\~NOOOO\~NOOOO 0 ..,., 0 ~
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggooo 0 '" :l; ~
'-' :3
NNNNNNwwwwwww~~~v.v.O\O\~~oooo~ooooo ~
=
v.O\O\~oo~o-W~O\~~NV.OON~N~NO\OO\O\ooooo =
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ C
i ~
!
w~~~~~~~~v.v.v.v.v.O\O\O\O\~~~oooo~~oooo~ '-<
~ONW~V.O\~~O-WV.~OWV.OONO\~NV.OV.ooooo ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ =
~~v.v.v.v.v.v.v.v.O\O\O\O\O\~~~~oooooooo~~ooooo ~
OO~ONNW~V.~~-wv.O\~OWO\~N~O\OOO~ooooo ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. c:r
v.v.v.v.v.v.v.v.v.O\O\O\O\O\O\~~~~oooooooo~~ooooo ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "'I
ww~~~~~~~~~v.v.v.v.O\O\O\~~~oooo~~ooooo ~
~~O-NW~V.O\~~-wO\oo-~O\ow~o~o~ooooo "0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "'I
"'d
~
NNNwwwwwwww~~~~v.v.v.O\O\O\~~oo~ooooo ~ "'I
(')
~OO~O-NW~O\~~-WO\OONV.OO-V.OOW~wv.ooooo ~ ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ =
.....
0
-,
:-.
:3 ,
---NNNNNNNWWWW~~~v.v.O\O\~~oo~ooooo ,
'-< ~ ,
~~OOO-NWV.O\OOONO\~NV.~~~N~O~-O\ooooo C :3 ,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ = ,
~ ~ I
.....
0 0
= "'I I
..... ~ ,
oo~~~-------NNNWW~V.V.O\O\~~oo~ooooo =- ;.< ,
'-< (')
ooooO-NNV.O\OOOWO\-~wo~w~-O\w~ooooo C ~ ,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooo 0 - ~ l
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Q,.
~ .
Q, I ~
,
~--------NNNNWW~~~~~~~oooo~oooo - ,
0 ~ I!
oO-N~~V.OO~N~O\~W~N~V.N~NO\OOO~oooo 0 C
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ I1Q ,
------NNNWW~~~~~~oooo~----- (J)
~~~~~O-NWV.~OWO\oO\w~oov._v.ov.~ggggg ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "0
-----------NNNNNWW~~~~~oo~ooooo 0
NNNWW~V.O\~~~-N~O\~WOO~~~~~wO\ooooo n
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .....
---------NNNNNNNWW~~~~~~~ooooo 2
~v.O\O\O\~oo~~oO-W~O\OON~~W~V.O~wooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -<:
NWwwwwwwwwww~~~~v.v.O\O\~~oooo~oooo - 0
0
~O-NWW~~V.O\~oooowO\OO\OO\OO\NV.WOOOO 0 ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ (')
::t..
~
()Q
~
'"
.....
l::l
Q
;:s
l::l
--
$
~
.g
Cl
~
(ll
..,
"'1:l
..,
-2
(ll'
("l
.....
N
o
~
..,
("l
;:s-
""
.?o
""
c:::,
c:::,
........
I
I
Augusta Canal Curtailment Relating to Possible Aquatic Base Flows
I
1. INTRODUCTION
I
This document outlines the methods for calculating operational impacts for the Augusta
Canal Hydropowcr Project (ACHP) and prescnts estimatcd operational impacts based on
analysis of various aquatic base flow (ABF) scenarios]. The concept of ABFs and their
implementation at the ACHP is described in detail in tcchnical memorandum
"Implcmentation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals and the Resulting Flow
Regime" submitted to the resource agencies (ENTRlX 2003). Please refer to that
documcnt as a companion text for this discussion. The purposc of this document is to
demonstrate the range of operational impacts that could be anticipated at the ACHP based
on analysis of a range of ABF schemcs.
I
I
I
I
2. METHODS
I
Estimates were made ofthc flow conditions that would occur in the Augusta Shoals and
Augusta Canal under the Canal Operating Plan with aquatic base flows, based on the
1955 - 2000 constructed historical flow record, excluding the reservoir filling periods of
1961-1962 and 1983-1984. An analysis was developed to estimate the flows that would
occur in the Augusta Shoals under various aquatic base flow levels. Using the baseline
historical flow data described above (daily flows for tbe period 1955 - 2000), the
following steps were completed to estimate average daily Canal and Shoals flows, and
then operational impacts to the ACHP. The calculations were completed using the
following steps:
I
I
I
I
I
· Based on the average daily flow, an aquatic base flow tier was assigned for each
day in the .flow record (all inflows lower than 3,600 cfs werc assigned the lowcst
aquatic base flow; this was less than 0.1 pcrcent of all daily flows)
I
I
I!!!
-
I This technical memorandum is for informational purposes and to facilitate discussion with the resource
agencies about alternative aquatic base flow regimes and their implementation. This document does not
represent a proposed action by the City of Augusta.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
April 4, 2003
I
I
I
Augusta Canal Curtailment Relating to Possible Aquatic Base Flows
I
· The selected aquatic base flow was allocated to the Augusta Shoals, then an
amount up to or equal to the Canal needs was allocatcd to the Canal 2
· If sufficicnt watcr was available to accommodatc the aquatic base flow and thc
specified Canal nced, any rcmaindcr was assumed to flow through the Augusta
Shoals, (as would normally happen)
· If insufficient watcr was availablc to accommodate thc aquatic base flow and the
Canal nced, the Augusta Canal inflow was curtailed to a lcvel necessary to ensure
that the aquatic base flow was mct in the Augusta Shoals
· If curtailment was required, we calculated thc volumc of needcd curtailment for
each day
· ACHP Hydropower demand (50 mgd, an average condition based on estimated
nceds in the year 2020) was assumed to be provided by a 30 mgd (814 cfs)
hydropower unit and a 20 mgd (550 cfs) hydropower unit
I
I
I
I
I
· The amount of curtailment rcquired was met through analysis of several
curtailment options including elimination of Canal recreation and aesthetics flows
(150 cfs combined) and/or opcration of the two ACHP hydropower units at 90 %,
80 %, or 0 % (i.e., hydropower units turned off)
· The calculations werc madc in a way to activatc the most efficient (i.e., least
costly) combination of curtailment options availablc
· If activation of a curtailment option resulted in more than an adequate amount of
curtailment, then the amount of "over curtailment" was used to re-instate
previously curtailed options (such as Canal recreation and aesthetics flows)
· The resulting data was a daily record of flows for the Augusta Shoals and Augusta
Canal flows for the 1955 - 2000 period of record and an estimation of the amount
of curtailment (in 20 mgd diesel unit days) that would be required.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
2 The specified Canal flow need was as follows: December through February was 3,650 cfs, March through
May was 3,750 cfs, and June through November was 3,850 cfs, representing the average conditions
projected over twenty years.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
2
April 4, 2003
.
ii
-
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Augusta Canal Curtailment Relating to Possible Aquatic Base Flows
The 1955 - 2000 flow time series was used to compute amounts of curtailment required
on an annual and monthly basis. A range of aquatic base flows were analyzed (Table I)
in order to provide a range of results for a variety of possible aquatic base flow regimes.
Table 1. Tiered Flows for a Variety of Potential Aquatic Base Flow Thresholds
(daily average flow in cfs).
Aquatic Base Tier 1 Augusta Tier 2 Augusta Tier 3 Augusta
Flows Declaration Flow Declaration Flow Declaration Flow Rate:
Rate ~ 5,400 cfs Rate: 4,500 cfs to 3,600 cfs to 4,499 cfs
5,399 cfs
I 4,000 3,330 2,670
2 3,500 2,920 2,340
3 3,000 2,500 2,000
4 2,500 2,080 1,670
5 2,000 1,670 1,330
6 1,500 1,250 1,000
3. RESUL TS
As demonstrated in Table 2, estimated impacts to the operation of the ACHP expressed in
terms of average days of diesel unit operation required increased as the amounts of the
various ABF regimes increased.
4. LITERATURE CITED
ENTRIX. 2003. Implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals and the
Resulting Flow Regime. March 2003.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
3
April 4, 2003
:.:.
~
'"
t)
~
;:s
~
Q
....
t)
?
'"
~
::tJ
'"
!?:
~"
o
;0
'"
'"
5:
'"
:.:.
.::,
s::
~
n'
0;;
tl
'"
~
<:)
~
O'o-j
"'l ~
~g:
_. l't>
""N
;'.
;Tl >
= ~
-l't>
>~
,Q~
C l't>
~e
-. =
f") _.
t:l:I-
~ ~
'" ~
l't><<
I':!'j'"
O":;l:l
:;;,2
"-"c
> _.
t:l:I~
torlc::l.
'-" ,.-.,
rnN
f") 0
~ 3
~~
::!. Q.
Q ~
'" -.
l't>
'"
~
C1
l't>
=
l't>
"'l
~
-
Q
"'l
'-"
-
Q
""Cl
c
3
"Cl
:;l:l
~
:;;
~
~
-
l't>
"'l
,.-.,
Ul
o
3
~
c::l.
-
Q
-
~
c::l.
l't>
3
~
=
c::l.
'-"
-NNv.>v.>~
v,0v,"0v,0
000000 If)
000000 f')
........... -.... ........... ........... -.... -.... l't>
--NNNv.> :I
lvo.-O v, \ow ~ )-
VI""":'OOONv.> ::!. t;I:l
000000 o ~.
........; ........... ........... -.... --- -....
...-...........- tv N.N
owo.-owo.- J-'
ov.>......:.o~......:. ...
000000
NVI-NNv.> ~
. .N-oov.> ~
O\v.>NNL.>;"'" :I
N~\O-NN "rj
. . . VI 0 ~ l't>
O......:.VI~~~ ?'
:-~o:j::3D: ~
......:......." . . . ~
~......:.-oo :"l
NVI-NNv.> >
. . 10--....110 "Cl
O~"'~t..>O :c
v.>oo-Nv.>~ 3:
. . 00\00\10
00""":'\.0\.0",;"'" ~
'<
~-Nv.>~~ ~
. 001000\ C
\0" " . . . :I
-....100-10 VI l't>
v.>\ONv.>~VI ~
. . -VlO\O\ C
-....I......:.~~~OO q
v.>......:.-v.>~VI >
. . -....1-1010 C
00\000\.0 V. ~
N......:.-v.>~VI If)
. . 00 v.> 0\ VI l't>
v.>~V.O;""'v."!='
VI-N~VIVI 0
. -~N~\O f')
N' . . . .
v.>__0""":' ~
O\-N~VIVI Z
. v.> 0\10 10-....1 0
~. . . . . ~
v.> 00 VI 00 VI
v.>......:.-N~~ '='
. . """:'\OOVl l't>
v.>O\V."'N~ r
~\ONv.>~VI ~
OVl-VlVlv.> 0
. . 0-""":'- -
-....Ioo"'~OO~ ~
-'"Q
_N~0\......:.3l't>
O\v.>\Ooov.>v.>"Cl"
~"::R"::R"::R"::R"::R~~
ooooo~=
...-
.tIo. l..oJ ........ -
c"'O..-..t:t:lg.t:t:lst:t:l
e. ~ :0 ~ d ~ VI ~
cn(')O\(1) C (1). (1)
~ g - 0.. 0Cl 0.. ~ 0..
<....SO::TO\OO
~ _. =:l ~ =:l - =:l
::.:s-....,.::..,"'-~....
1>>'0 \O::TI>>.....=:l::T
0'" I>> 0\ (1) '< C o..(il
~ U JV g ::-'~ v.> (1)
(1) 0'"__1>> "'"O\;p.
~~\Og8.S0t:t:l
::T(1)~a;-v.>O~"rj
0..0...... ~Oo~ 0::1'.
I>>OOo..VI",,~(1)
'< =:l -::!l0-- (;l
OS\Oo..-.."rj~I>>
::::'S~~;;-'o~~
::T_,-, =:l ~ 0
(1) =:l' (il (1) (')
'< c ;I> (') .... Z ;.
~3toQg-~ ~
00'""rjo..Oo.. 0..
. (1) '" _ c '" ~
"1 o' 0Cl..-.. <:
o ~ "1 ::T 5" :=;:
"""(1),...z ::T
(') _"::T I>> .....
I>>=:l(1)O< ;:r
(=il>>If)<(1) (1)
E.<~3@ 0'
~ ~ ~ O""~ :::::
(1)~s~o.. 0
~ (1) a ':-"~. ~.
so...... - =:l
'0 ~. ~ '< 0Cl
t.:I - _. ~ f"'t-
(') '< < 0 ::!.
;::::!l~ ~ gg
0.. 0 I>> (') (1)
(D' ~:: VP ~
"'''-''::T '-' ::!l
~(')(1) 0 0
'-'fir';p. ...., ~
fr':-"o .v.> ~
'a 0 ei (')
. 0 fir'
0.. _ '-'
~: \0 B 8"
0.. VI (1) "1
VI (')
(t) ....... ('D s:-
o.. 0 S (1)
0'" 10 0'" If)
'< 0 (1) I>>
......:. 0 "1 <
v.> 0 .... I>>
O. ::T =:l
(1) "1 =:l
I>> )( 0 I>>
~ ~ ~ ::T
:::.; c ::T ~
~ &. "rj :;::"
- =:l (1) (1)
(1) 0Cl 0'" "1
e: @ 2 ~
~ ~ .f:l Er-
g.. ~ :$ ('D
o . ;p.
5 ::;. .v.> 0
::-." ::n ~ 0
fr ~ 0 ..
'< =:l Q IV
C/l 0Cl ;So. VI
..-.. '0 I>> .
10 (1) "1 ~
0.. :1. 9- g
~"O .
'" 0.. ~
(1) C/l .
- VI
o
o
:.:.
~
'"
t)
~
;:s
~
$
~
.g
<:)
~
'"
....
~
-.2
","
Q
~
:.:.
"tl
~
~
""
c::,
c::,
.......
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
Supplement to: Augusta Canal Curtailment Relating to Possible
Aquatic Base Flows, Agency Requested Flow Management Scenarios
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project (FERC No. 11810)
Prepared for:
",," . ";'U'GUSTA,
c
i
~
J'
.'\" ".".. _'736
GEORGi'"
City of Augusta
and ZEL Engineers
ZEL
Prepared by:
E N T ~ n X
April 2003
I
I
I
Supplement/a: Augus/a Canal Curtailment Relating /0 Possible Aquatic Base Flows
Agency Requested Flow Management Scenarios
1. INTRODUCTION
I
I
I
This document presents results of a curtailment analysis for the Augusta Canal and a
description of resulting flows in the Augusta Shoals based on analysis of various aquatic
base flow (ABF) scenarios' that were requested by the resource agencies. The concept of
ABFs and their implementation at the ACHP is described in detail in the technical
memorandum "Implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals and the
Resulting Flow Regime" submitted to the resource agencies (ENTRlX 2003a) in March
2003. Please refer to that document, as well as "Augusta Canal Curtailment Relating to
Possible Aquatic Base Flows" (ENTRIX 2003b) as companion documents for this
discussion. The two documents listed above also include discussion of the methods used
to calculate the infornlation presented in this report. In this report, curtailment of the
Augusta Canal is expressed in terms of the monthly average amount of curtailment (in
cfs) required for each of the alternative flow management scenarios. The purpose of this
document is to provide supplemental information regarding curtailment of the Augusta
Canal and resulting flows in the Augusta Shoals based on analysis of the specified range
of ABF schemes requested by the resource agencies.
I
I
I
I
I
2. FLOW MANAGEMENT SCENARIOS
I
I
As requested by the resource agencies, a range of monthly aquatic base flows were
analyzed (Table I) in order to provide results for a variety of possible aquatic base flow
regImes.
I
I
I
I
.
.
I This technical memorandum is for informational purposes and to facilitate discussion with the resource
agencies about alternative aquatic base flow regimes and their implementation. This document does not
represent a proposed action by the City of Augusta.
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
April 29. 2003
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Supplement to: Augusta Canal Curtailment Relating 10 Possible Aquatic Base Flows
Agency Requested Flow Management Scenarios
Table 1. Tiered Flows for a Variety of Potential Aquatic Base Flow Thresholds
(daily average flow in cfs) as Requested by the Resource Agencies.
Scenario
1
> 5400 Tri er Level
4000 cfs in shoals
3600-4499 Tri er Level
2000 cfs in shoals
> 6000 Trie:e:er 5400-5999 Trii!l!er 4500-5399 Trie:e:er 3600-4499 Trie:e:er
2 4000 cfs in shoals 3300 in shoals 2700 in shoals 2300 in shoals
3 4000 cfs in shoals 3300 in shoals 2700 in shoals 2000 in shoals
4 4000 cfs in shoals 3000 in shoals 2700 in shoals 2300 in shoals
5 4000 cfs in shoals 3000 in shoals 2700 in shoals 2000 in shoals
6 4000 cfs in shoals 2700 in shoals 2700 in shoals 2000 in shoals
> 6,400 Trie:e:er 5400-6399 Trie:e:er 4500-5399 Trie:e:er 3600-4499 Trie:e:er
7 4000 cfs in shoals 3300 in shoals 2700 in shoals 2300 in shoals
8 4000 cfs in shoals 3300 in shoals 2700 in shoals 2000 in shoals
9 4000 cfs in shoals 3000 in shoals 2700 in shoals 2300 in shoals
10 4000 cfs in shoals 3000 in shoals 2700 in shoals 2000 in shoals
11 4000 cfs in shoals 2700 in shoals 2700 in shoals 2000 in shoals
> 6700 Trie:e:er 5400-6699 Trie:e:er 4500-5399 Trie:e:er 3600-4499 Trie:e:er
12 4000 cfs in shoals 3300 in shoals 2700 in shoals 2300 in shoals
13 4000 cfs in shoals 3300 in shoals 2700 in shoals 2000 in shoals
14 4000 cfs in shoals 3000 in shoals 2700 in shoals 2300 in shoals
15 4000 cfs in shoals 3000 in shoals 2700 in shoals 2000 in shoals
16 4000 cfs in shoals 2700 in shoals 2700 in shoals 2000 in shoals
17
18
> 4500 Tri erLevel
2700 cfs in shoals
2700 cfs in shoals
une - Janua
3600-4499 Tri er Level
2300 cfs in shoals
2000 cfs in shoals
> 5400 Trie:e:er Level 4500-5399 Tril!l!er Level 3600-4499 Tri2e:er Level
19 2700 cfs in shoals 2500 cfs in shoals 2300 cfs in shoals
20 2700 cfs in shoals 2500 cfs in shoals 2000 cfs in shoals
21 2700 cfs in shoals 2300 cfs in shoals 2000 cfs in shoals
22 2700 cfs in shoals 2000 cfs in shoals 2000 cfs in shoals
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
2
April 29, 2003
.
-
I
I
Supplement to: Augusta Canal Curtailment Relating to Possible Aquatic Base Flows
Agency Requested Flow Management Scenarios
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
3. RESULTS
The average monthly amount of curtailment required for the Augusta Canal resulting
from analysis of each of the 22 scenarios analyzed is presented in Table 2. Additionally,
the flow duration tables for the Augusta Shoals resulting from each of the modeled
scenarios are presented in Appendix A, Tables A-I through A-22.
4. LITERATURE CITED
ENTRlX. 2003a. Implementation of Aquatic Base Flows in the Augusta Shoals and the
Resulting Flow Regime. March 2003.
ENTRlX. 2003b. Augusta Canal Curtailment Relating to Possible Aquatic Base Flows.
April 2003.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
3
April 29. 2003
.
4-.
I
:b.. -z ':+l"'"":l :b..C'l
~ ~> w~:> ~~ ~~
.: ~ ~,QQ'Q ~_;::s"l5 I
'" CIlZNNN----------~QO.......O\UI.&:o.t..IN_:sC~ -(1) ~~
El =:. ~ N - co ~ QO ....... 0\ UI .&:0. t..I N - co Cll ~:s ~ tv ::i
r--. 3 '>.. "l ..... n 3' :::0 (1l
, J ~ ~ -. '< (1l ;::s
~ ~'O 0 ~ ~ >- -<:>-
~ ~ ~ o. <: 1\i 0
-. <: -. <: (1) "".
::r:: ~ g (1)..... Cil:b.. I
~ @r::r _~__ p.jCo:l t:t.s:::
~ ~ G ~ ~ ~ -t: :- ~ Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z z:z ~ .g ~ ~~
"l5 o..:.NOO.j:>.W.......>->->->>->->->->->->->->->->->:s ~~ 9~
Cl ~.::r. W 00 0 - ....... \0 O. 3 ~...
~ ~ CIl 0 0 ~ ~ I
~ 03 cr'c ~;::s
;:: 0 ~ ~ ;::s ~
~ :::1.::3 ______________~ en......... Jg.......
<.2 ~. g. Z Z Z Z Z Z .\0 :- :- .!V .w P .!V .!V .w .w .w ..j:>. ..j:>. ..j:>. .VI ~ ~ (1) 0 (1l (j
(1l 3::l'>-..'>-..'>-..'>-..'>-..'>-..woo\VI-Vl-.......w\Owoo\VI-0\ ~ ::!l>-+,::iS:::
(") o...-...-~...-...-...-;jwNooo\........j:>.WVl.j:>.Ooo.......VI.j:>.- r:r 03 (1l:::!.
- g :. w N 0 \0 .j:>. ....... VI 00 ....... 0 N - ....... 0\ VI :;: 0 ~ e. I
~g Vlg ~3
-. - CJ::r (1l (1l
<: ;:: (1) _ ;::s;::S
g: 8: z z z z z z F .w .w .:i: .~ ..N .:i: .:i: .~ .~ .:i: .~ .;; ~ .;;.~ ~ ~ '< 3. ;;
g. -. '>-.. '>-.. '>-.. '>-.. '>-.. '>-.. N 0 .j:>. 0\ 0 VI - VI N ....... 0\ VI 0 0 VI....... ~ ::1 8 Cl!t I
~ ::l ...- ...- ...- ...- ~ ...- 0\ - VI N 0\ \0 - VI \0 N W \0 W 0\ 0 0\ "l o' ::l. '" 0
g. ooNON-.j:>.\o.......OooN\Ooo\OooVl Vl~ S.
3 _. ..... OQ
o U) (D -
g ~ .c 3 c
::T'(t) ---------N-NNNNN C(D ~
-<::l Z Z Z Z Z z..j:>..O\.........\O.\O?".oo.oo.\Op.\Opp:-:-.w:> (1) ~ Cl I
o ~ 00 00 NOW .j:>. N 0\ 00 N .j:>. W ....... 0 .j:>. - ~ ~ ~ '"
c ~. >- >- >- >- >- >- 00 00 ....... 0 00 W - 0 W N - ....... 0\ .j:>. W 00 "l (1) ,-... ~.
:4. NWNO\o\o\oOOOOOO.......o\o\..................... 0-0 st
~ . cr' iii' (1l
3 '-< '-'" :b..
~ ,-... -<:>
::l -NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN &- s::: I
~ z z z z z Z .\0 :- .!V .w ..j:>. :- .w ..j:>. ..j:>. .VI .w .VI .VI .VI .0\.00:= (1) \0 g.
C!:l. '>-.. '>-.. '>-.. '>-.. '>-.. '>-.. W 0\ .j:>. ....... VI - NO....... VI \0 - \0 00 0\ N ~ ..... Vl (")
<: "'-"'-"'-"'-"'-"'-.j:>.VI.j:>.NNooN-WWNVlVlWNoo '< (1)Vl OJ
g -No\.......-.j:>..j:>.ooo\O.......o\O.j:>........O\ ~I E;
cr C tv (1l
~ ri g ~ I
g- .:i:.;;.::::i.::::i::::i;:X;zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz ~ ~p ~
;::3::l ~~3~~~>->>->>->>>>->>>->>>->- ~ ~~ '"
"'- .j:>.O\VI-ooW ~o
?f ~. 2" I
~ (1) 0-
o ~ -.
~ -----_ .::3
0. .j:>.?" ~ ~ ~ ~ z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z ~ ~
~ oo.j:>.Noo.......W>->:>>>->->-:>>->>->->->->->-:.. @
en -00-00\0 ~ en
_. 00 VI ....... 00 0\ ....... (1) I
~ ~
~ 0
~ _.
g NW.:i:.~..j:>..;:;;zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz:> ;.
;:? VI\oVlO\o.j:>.:>>:>>-:>>->>>->>>>-:>>->- C _ I
~ .j:>. 00 0\ 00 N .j:>. Q'Q _.
0\ VI 0 VI .j:>. \0 ~
~
'-<
(1)
------ PJ
.W..j:>.VI.VlVI.O\zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz ~;:;J I
- .j:>. - .j:>. ....... - >- >- :> >- :> >- :> >- > > > >- :> :> >- >- ~ '-'"
.j:>..j:>.-O\oow ..... 0
N \0 .j:>. 0 .j:>. 0 >-+,
ET
(1)
.::::i;:X;.::O.~.~.~zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0 >- I
~ 2~~~g~>>>:>:>>>->:>>:>:>>->->-:> ~ ~
:::!. VI 00 0 W VI ....... Vl
~ ~ I
- N N N N ~
~ ~ \0 0 :- 0 .!V Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z 2 ~
~ ~~:t=~~g>:>:>>>>->:>>>:>>>->:>>- ~ e.
-\OwNO\o E I
s.
______ """'1
:-.W.j:>..VlVI.Vlzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz ~ &
~ ~ ;:x; g ;; ~ > :> >- > >- > > > :> > :> >- > > >- >- ~
VI.j:>.WWVlo\ I
I
I
I
Supplement to: Augusta Canal Curtailment Relating to Possible Aquatic Base Flows
Agency Requested Flow Management Scenarios
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Appendix A
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project
I
April 29, 2003
'TI -I
CD III
0'0'
2 m-
III )>
-< I
I ....
3:'T1
~ 0"
.. :E
~ VI
ce' -.
ce ;,
CD -
~ =r
.. CD
IV )>
"tI9's:::
CD ~ce
~ 0 s:::
o 0 VI
CD - _
;, )> III
- OJ en
o 'TI =r
.... .. 0
-I ~ III
-. '"0 -
3 0 VI
CD 0 OJ
n::'g:
III ~ CD
n ce' Q.
=- ce 0
~ ~ ;,
CD .. )>
0. _~ ;,
'TI (II III
- O.:c-
o 0 VI
:E . _.
_. .(11 VI
VI Co) 0
)> ~ ....
--)>
o )>ce
~ OJ CD
)> ~ 5
0' N '<
~ ~ AI
CD 0 CD
- 0 JJ
=r .. s:::
CD -I CD
(i) ~. !!:.
-. ce CD
<ceo.
~ ~ en
'TI ^ 0
- ~ CD
o . ;
:E ~ ~.
OJ 0 0
CD j; z
i OJ s:::
:g ~ 3
;, N 0'
. CD
.... 0 ~
IDo....
(II 0
(II
III
;,
0.
N
o
o
o
....
0"- !'
0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m~~ :Eenens:::
o~m~~o~m~~o~m~~o~m~~o~m~~ooooo _. ~ g- ce
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo ;, CD III s:::
o III - VI
ur3V1Di
~
Z~ZZZZZZZZ~Z~ZZ~ZZZZ~ZZZZ~~Z~Z ,c-
illl
~ ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~ ~ I ;,
~~~~~~~~~m~~~~~~CDCDCDCD"""""""""""""""""""" 'TI
m~~oo""~ ~....mmmmm~owwwoooooooooo
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000;0000000 CD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf? .:0'
~~~~~~~~~m~~~~~~CDCDCDCD"""""""""""""""""""" 3:
~CDo~~~~mCDw~~~~~~ommmoooooooooo
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000 ,III
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~~**~*~ ~
wwwww~~~~~~~~~~~~CDCDCD~~~~~~~~~~ ~
~~~~~q~~~q~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf? ~
~~~WWWWWW~~~~~~~~CDCDCD"""""""""""""""""""" 3:
~~CDOO""w~~....~~~~~~................OOOOOOOOOO
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 000 000 ~ "tI
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf?'Cf? CD
~
0
CD
;,
-
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz C- o
s::: ....
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ;, ~
3: 3
0 CD
;, 3
- CD
=r -
~~ZZZZZZZZ~ZZZ~~~ZZ~~Z~~ZZZZZZ C- o
~~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~ =- ~
CD
><
0
CD
CD
0.
ZZZZZZZZZZZZ~~ZZZZ~ZZ~Z~~Z~~Z~ )> CD
~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0.
..
ZZZZZZZZZ~~ZZZZ~~~ZZ~Z~~ZZ~Z~Z en
~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ~zzzzzzz 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ 0
-
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz z
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0
<
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz c
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CD
0
"TI -i
III III
0" 0"
2 CD
III )>
~ N
.
~ "TI
III _
'< 0
-. ~
~ III
cO' -.
lO :J
CD -
., J
.. CD
IV )>
"0 SJl r::
CDOlO
., 0 r::
n 0 III
~ > S'
- OJ en
o "TI J
- .. 0
-i ~ III
-. '0 -
3 0 III
CD <:> co
(") ::. ~
III ., CD
n 10' c.
=. lO 0
a ~ ::l
CD .. )>
c. c.n :J
"TI :".. III
-0-<,
o 0 III
~ . -.
-. .Y1 III
III CD 0
)> ~ -
- - )>
O)>lO
., co (I)
)> ~ g
0" W '<
~ W ;:0
III 0 III
- 0 .0
J -. r::
III -i III
(;) ~. !!t.
-. lO III
< lO C.
~ ~ en
:!! -~ g
o c.n :J
~ 0 III
o ~.
co &. 0
III - z
i" ~ r::
III CD 3
CD > 0"
:J co CD
..... "TI .,
CD .. N
c.n .
c.n~
III -..I
:J 0
C. _~
N -i
o .,
o -.
OlO
lO
III
~
^
~
'U1
.0
o
>
co
"TI
N
W
o
o
-
0'- ~
0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m~N ~enenr::
o~m~No~m~No~m~No~m~No~m~Nooooo _. :::;- g- lO
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo :J III III r::
n III - III
_311l-
III III
.,;....
~~~~~~~~~~~ttt~t~~tttttttt~~~~ .c...
'Ill
::J
~~~c.nc.nc.nc.nc.nc.nm~~~~~~mwm""''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' "TI
m~~oo""'N~~""'mm""'wm~o~c.nooooooooooo III
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00000000000 a
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ P'
~~c.nc.nc.nc.nc.nc.nc.nm~~~~~~mmmooooooooooo ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo III
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
wwwww~~~~c.n~~-..I-..I~~~mmooooooooooo ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
NNNWwwwww~mmmm~~~mm""''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ~
~~moo""'w~~""'NNN~c.nc.n""''''''Nooooooooooo
000000000000000000000000000000 ~ "0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CD
.,
n
CD
:J
-
c... 0
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz~zzzzzzzzz r:: -
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ::l !:!:
~ 3
0 III
:J 3
-
J III
-
ZZZZZZZZ~Z~tZtZZ~Z~~~~~~~zzzzz c... 0
~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~ r:: .,
CD
><
n
CD
CD
c.
~zz~zzzzzzzzz~~Z~~~~zzz~z~zzzz )> CD
~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ ~ c.
~~~~~~~~~~~t~~~~~~~~~~~~~t~~~~ en
~
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ n
-
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ~ZZZZZtzzzzzzzz z
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ 0
<
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz~zzzzzzzzzzz c
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ III
n
"'T1 ~
CD III
cr cr
., -
c:: CD
III )>
-< I
(.0)
. .
:!!:
III "'T1
'< -
.. 0
~ =E
::!. III
CC -.
CC :J
CD ....
., ::r
.. CD
IV )>
"'0 ~ c::
~ 0 CC
(") 0 c::
CD - III
:J )> ....
.... OJ III
o "'T1 CIl
..... .. ::r
~ .~ 0
-. 0 III
3 0 -
CD 0 III
-. OJ
n ~ III
~ ., III
(") -. CD
c:: CC a.
_CC
III CD 0
CD :-l :J
a. .ur )>
"'T1 ~ :J
_ 0 III
o 0 -
<: I '<
c; ur III
iii' <0 iii'
)><00
~ ~ ....
o )> )>
., OJ CC
)> :-!' ~
cr (.0) (")
~ w '<
CD 0 :;0
.... 0 CD
::r .. .0
CD ~ c::
(i) ::!. lJ:
_. CC ....
< CC CD
CD CD a.
:J :-l CIl
!! .~ (")
o ur CD
=E 0 :J
o III
OJ '" ::!.
ClI . 0
~ ~ Z
CD <0 c::
CD - 3
:J )> cr
.... OJ CD
<0 :-!' .,
g: .N ~
III ......
:J 0
a. .~
N ~
o .,
o -.
oCC
CC
CD
:-l
^
.~
ur
o
o
)>
OJ
"'T1
.!'J
o
o
o
.....
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oom~N o(i)CIl)>
=E....::rc::
ooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooom~NOoooo -. ., 0 CC
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo :J CD III c::
(") III _ III
.....311I....
III III
~
~zzzz~~~zz~z~~~~~~zzzz~zzzzzz~ c...
III
)>)>)>)> )>)>)> )>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)> :J
~~~mmmm~mm............oooooooommmm"""""""""""""""""""" "'T1
m......OOOO....N ..........mm....(.o)m......owwwOOOOOOOOOO
o 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000 CD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ cr
~~mmm~mmmm..................oooooom~~~........................................ :!!:
oomONN mmmwOOOOOON............O 0000000000
000000000000000000000000000000 III
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
(.o)wwww~~~~m........................oooooo<o<o<o~~~~~~~~~~ ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
NNNWwww~w~mmmm............oommm"""""""""""""""""""" :!!:
......oomoo....w ..........NNN......mm................OOOOOOOOOO
o 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 ~ "'0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CD
.,
(")
CD
:J
....
c... 0
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz c:: .....
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> :J ~
:!!: 3
0 CD
:J 3
....
::r CD
....
z~zzzzz~Z~~zz~~~~zzz~zzzzzzzzz c... 0
)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> c:: .,
CD
><
(")
ClI
CD
Q,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ )> ClI
~ a.
zzzzzzz~~zzz~z~~zz~~zz~~zzzzzz CIl
)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)> )>)> )>)> )>)>)>)>)>)> .g
zzzzzzzzzzzz~zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> (")
....
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz z
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> 0
<
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> CD
(")
" -I
CD III
C" C"
., -
r::: CD
III )>
-<! J,.
I .
s:
III "
'< -
.. 0
-I ~
::!. !/l
lC -.
lC :J
CD -
., ::r
.. CD
IV )>
"tI ~ r:::
~ 0 lC
(') 0 r:::
CD - !/l
:J )> -
_ IX] III
o " C/l
... . . ::r
-I _~ 0
-. 0 III
3 0 -
CD 0 !/l
-. IX]
(") -I III
~ ., !/l
g cO' ~
_lC
! ~ 0
CD " :J
c.~)>
,,~:J
_ 0 III
o 0 -
C I '<
< c.n !/l
iii' Co iii'
)>CDO
r+ !e ....
o )> )>
., IX] lC
)> ~ ~
C" (.0) (')
~ '0 '<
CD 0 ::tI
_ 0 CD
::r .. .a
CD -I r:::
C> ::!. CD
_. lC fa.
< lC CD
~ ~ c.
.. C/l
:!! .~ (')
o c.n CD
~ 0 :J
o III
IX] U. ::!.
CD. 0
i" ~ z
CD CD r:::
CD - 3
:J )> C"
.... IX] CD
CD~"
g: .I\J !>-
III ......
:J 0
c.~
I\J -I
o .,
o -.
olC
lC
CD
;'l
^
.~
c.n
o
o
)>
IX]
"
!'J
(.0)
o
o
...
0- ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m~N ~C/lC/lr:::
o~m~No~m~No~m~No~m~No~m~NOoooo _. =:;- g- lC
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo :J CD III r:::
(') III _!/l
...3!/lDj
~
I'.
ZZZ~~~ZZZ~ZZ~ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ .c-
~~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ,lll
;:s
c
~~~~c.n~~~~m..................~~~mmm~~~~~~~~~~~ "
m......~OO~N ......~mmmow......o~~ooooooooooo
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .CD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ liT
~~~~~~~~~m..................~~~mmm~~~~~~~~~~~ s:
~moNN~~mmw~~~ow......ommooooooooooo
000000000000000000000000000000 III
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~**~~*~ .,
wwwww~~~~~..............................~~mm~~~~~~~~~~~ ~
............~~mo~wc.noNNN~......(.o)~mmooooooooooo
000000000000000000000000000000
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
NNNWwwwww~mmmmm......~mm~~~~~~~~~~~ s:
......~moo~w~......~NNN~~~~~Nooooooooooo
000000000000000000000000000000 ~ "tI
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CD
.,
(')
CD
:J
-
C- o
ZZZ~zzzz~~ZZZZZZZ~ZZZZZZZ~zzzz r::: ...
~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~~ :J ~
s: 3
0 CD
:J 3
-
::r CD
-
~~Z~~ZZZZ~~ZZ~ZZZZ~ZZ~ZZZZZZZZ C- o
~ ~~~~ ~~ ~~~~ ~)> ~~~~~~~~ r::: .,
CD
><
(')
CD
CD
C.
z~zz~z~zzz~z~zzz~zzzz~zz~zzzzz )> CD
~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~ c.
zzzzz~Z~ZZZ~ZZZZZ~Z~ZZZZZ~ZZ~z C/l
~~~~~ ~ ~~~ ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~ ~
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (')
-
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz z
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0
<
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz c
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CD
(')
'TI -i
CD III
C" C"
., -
c: CD
III )>
-< I
I ~
~
III 'TI
'< -
-. 0
-i :E
~, (Jl
10 -.
10 ::l
CD -
., ::r
.. CD
IV )>
'l:I ~ c:
!!: 0 10
n 0 c:
CD - (Jl
::l )> -
_ OJ III
a ~ en
-i _~ ~
-. 0 III
3 0 -
CD 0 (Jl
.. OJ
n -i III
~ ., (Jl
n /0' CD
c: 10 Q.
!: !!: 0
CD .. ::l
Q. .!Jl )>
'TI ~ ::l
_ 0 III
o 0 -
:E I '<
c.n (Jl
iii' Co iii'
)>tOo
r"I" ~ -4\
o )> )>
., OJ 10
)> ~ ~
C" c,.) n
~ '0 '<
CD 0 :;0
_ 0 CD
::r .. .0
CD -i c:
G') ~. CD
:;:- :g !e.
CD CD CD
::l ., Q.
. . en
:!! .~ n
o c.n CD
:E 0 ::l
o III
OJ U, ~.
CD - 0
i' ~ z
CD to c:
CD - 3
::l )> C"
.... OJ CD
to 'TI .,
t:: ,;.:, ~
III .....
::l 0
Q. .~
t.) -i
o .,
o -.
010
10
CD
:"!
^
.~
c.n
o
o
}>
OJ
'TI
.!"
o
o
o
...
a-en)>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oom~N :E!a::rC:
ooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooooo -, ., 0 10
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo ::l CD III c:
n III - (Jl
...3(Jl-
(Jl III
..;;..
zzzzzzzzzzz~zzzz~z~z~z~zzzz~zz c-
III
~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~ ~~ ::l
,
--"-""-.trr.-Jo.......a........a...............a.......a.........
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~8~~~oooooooooo 'TI
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 000 0 0 0 0 0000000000 Q CD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ fer
i
~~c.nc.nc.nc.n~c.nc.nm...............oooooommmm~~~~~~~~~~ ,~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo III
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~**~~~* .,
wwwww~~~~c.n.....~~~~oooommtO~~~~~~~~~~ ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~~***~~~* .,
NNNWwwwww~mmmmm~oommtO~~~~~~~~~~ ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo ~ 'l:I
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CD
.,
n
CD
::l
-
c- o
zzzzzzzzzzzzzz~zz~~zzzz~~~~zz~ c: ...
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~ ~~ ::l ::!:.
3: 3
0 CD
::l 3
- CD
::r -
z~z~~zzzzzzzzzz~zzz~zz~zzz~zzz c- o
~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~ ~~~ c: .,
CD
)(
n
CD
CD
Q.
~zz~~z~zzzz~zzzzzz~~zzzzzzzzzz )> CD
~~ ~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~ Q.
zz~z~zzzz~z~zzzz~zzzz~zzzzzzzz en
~~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~
zzzz~zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ n
-
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz z
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0
<
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CD
n
" -t
CD III
0" 0"
., -
c: (l)
III )>
~ I
. !'l
:s::
III "
'< -
.. 0
-t ~
~. en
CC -.
CC ;:,
CD -
:"! ~
IV )>
~ ~ c:
c:; 0 CC
(l) e c:
;:, )> ~
_ m III
g, ~ (JJ
-t~:T
_.. 0
3 0 III
CD g iF
(') .. m
III -t III
0' ::::!. en
c: CC CD
_ CC c.
a ~ 0
CD .. ;:,
c. ,!Jl )>
" ~ ;:,
- 0 Ql
o 0 -
~ I '<
Ul en
fir CD iii'
)>coo
_ co ....
o }; )>
., mcc
)> " CD
0" .. ;:,
o N 0
< ....... '<
CD 0 ;tI
:;.::!~
CD -t c:
G') ~. CD
_. CC en
< CC -
CD CD CD
;:, ., Q.
" ~ (JJ
_. 0
o Ul CD
~ 0 ;:,
o III
m V. ~.
CD _ 0
i ~ z
(l) co c:
~ }; 3
.... m 0"
co ~ ~
~ ,!') !'l
III .......
;:, 0
Q.::!
N -t
o .,
o -.
oCC
cc
(l)
:"!
^
-~
Ul
o
o
};
m
~
.N
o
o
o
....
0- ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m~N ~(JJ(JJc:
o~m~No~m~No~m~No~m~No~m~NOoooo _. ~ g- cc
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo ;:, CD III c:
o III - en
.... 3 en -
! en III
~
~~z~zz~zzz~~zzz~zz~zzzzzz~zzz~ c-
:Ill
~ ~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~ ;:,
~~~UlUlUlUl~Ulm...................................~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ !"
~~~qq~~o~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo '(II
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* fO"
:
~~UlUlUlUlUlUlUlm...................................~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ s:
~~q~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo III
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~*~**~~* .,
wwwWW~~~~Ul"""''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''~~~~aaaaaaaaaa ~
~~~~~q~~~q~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
NNNWwwwww~mmmmmm.......~~~~~~~~~~~~~ s:
~~~qq~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo ~ "tI
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~~***~*** CD
.,
0
CD
;:,
-
c- o
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz c: ....
~~~~~~~~~)>)>~)>)>)>)>)>)>)>~)>)>)>)>~)>)>)>)>)> -
;:, 3'
s:
0 CD
;:, 3
- CD
:T -
z~zzzzzzzzzzzzz~z~zzzzzz~zzz~~ c- o
)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )> )>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>~ c: .,
(l)
><
0
CD
CD
C.
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz~~z~zzz )> (l)
)>~)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>~)>)>)>~)>)>~~)>)>)> )> )>)>)> ~ Q.
zzzzzzzzzz~~zzzzzzzzzz~zzzzzzz (JJ
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>~)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>~)>)>)>)>~ ~
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>~)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> 0
-
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz z
~)>~)>)>~)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> 0
<
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz c
)>)>)>)>~)>)>)>)>)>)>~)>)>~)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>~)>)>)>)>)>)> CD
0
"11 -l
Cl) Ql
0" 0"
2 CD
Ql )>
-< ~
I .
3: "11
Ql -
'< 0
-. ~
:;t rJI
!C. :i'
ce _
Cl) =r
~ Cl)
IV )>
"tI _en c
Cl) .c>. ce
.., 0 c
(") 0 rJI
Cl) - _
~ )> Ql
- lD en
o "11 =r
.... .. 0
-t _.c>. Ql
-. 0 -
3 0 rJI
Cl) 0 lD
-. Ql
(") -l rJI
Ql .., Cl)
0' ce' 0.
=- ce 0
Ql Cl) ~
- ..,
Cl) .. )>
0.U1~
"11 ~ Ql
-0.;:-
o 0 rJI
~ 0, iii'
iii' W 0
)> :g ....
- - )>
o)>ce
.., lD Cl)
)> ~ g
0" W '<
~ w ~
CD 0 Cl)
- 0.0
=r -. c
Cl) -l CD
(;) ~. !e.
-, ce Cl)
< ce 0.
Cl) Cl) en
~ ~ (")
"11 .c>. CD
0' U, ~
~ 0 Ql
o ~.
lD c:n 0
Cl) - z
i' ~ c
CD CD 3
Cl) }> 0"
~ lD Cl)
.... "11 ..,
CD .. """
U1 .
U1 _N
Ql """
~ 0
0. R
N -l
o ..,
o -.
oce
ce
Cl)
~
^
.c>.
U,
o
o
}>
lD
"11
N
W
o
o
....
0' - !"
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oom.c>.N ~ en en c
ooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooom~NOoooo -. ::;- 5' ce
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo ~ Cl) Ql C
(") Ql - rJI
....3rJ1-
.. rJI Ql
..;;...
zzzz~~~z~zzzzzzzzzzzz~zzzzzz~a C-
Ql
)>)>)>)> )> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)> ~ ~
~~~~~~~~~m~~~~oooo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "11
~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo CD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0"
-.J.-lo.~-.J.-l."""-Jrr,."""'-lo.""""""
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo 3:
000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000 Ql
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ..,
wwwww~~~~~mmm~oooooomm~~~~~~~~~~~ ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ..,
NNNWWWWww~~~~m~~oo~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo ~ "tI
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CD
..,
(")
CD
~
-
C- o
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz~zzzzzz C ....
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)> ~ !:!:
3: 3
0 Cl)
~ 3
- Cl)
=r -
zz~z~zzzzzzzzzz~zzz~~zzzzz~zz~ C- o
)>)> )> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)> C ..,
Cl)
)(
(")
CD
Cl)
0.
~zzz~z~zzzzzzzzzz~zz~~~~zzz~zz )> Cl)
)>)>)> )> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)> ~ 0.
zz~zzz~~zzz~zzzz~~zz~~z~~zzzzz en
)>)> )>)>)> )>)>)> )>)>)>)> )>)> )> )>)>)>)>)> ~
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> (")
-
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz z
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> 0
<
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz c
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> CD
(")
." -f
CD Ql
C" C"
2 CD
Ql )>
-< cia
I .
3: ."
Ql -
'< 0
.. ~
~ UI
cO' -.
c.o ::J
CD -
., ::r
.. CD
IV )>
"0 S" c:
CD "" c.o
., 0 c:
(') 0 UI
CD - _
::J )> Ql
- III en
o ." ::r
-.. .. 0
-f "" Ql
-. '0 -
3 0 UI
CD 0 III
(") ~ g:
!. ., CD
(') cE' Q.
=. c.o 0
a !!: ::J
CD .. )>
Co 91 ::J
"T1 "" Ql
-00<'
o 0 UI
~ ~ -.
-. - UI
UI W 0
)> :8 -..
- - )>
o )> c.o
., III CD
)> :':l g
C" w '<
~ W :xl
CD 0 CD
- 0 .c
::r .. c:
CD -f CD
C> ::!. UI
-. c.o S'
~ tg Co
::J :-! en
:!! ."" ~
o c.n ::J
~ 0 Ql
o ::!.
Illu,o
CD . Z
~ ~ c
CD (Q 3
CD ~ C"
::J III CD
..... "T1 .,
(Q .. co
c.n .
c.n !"
III ....
::J 0
Co 5~
N -f
o .,
o -.
oc.o
c.o
CD
:-!
^
""
<.n
o
o
~
III
"T1
N
'0
o
o
::!l
0- ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m~~ ~ en en c:
o~m~~o~m~~o~m~~o~m~~o~m~~ooooo -. ~ 5 c.o
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo ::J CD III C
(')Ql_UI
ur3U1jij
r.;;...
z ~ ~ z z ~ ~ z z z z ~ z z ~ z ~. ~ z ~ ~ z z ~ ~ z z z ~ ~ c-
Ql
)> )>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>.)> )>)>)>)>)> 1 ::J
~~~~~~~~~m................~~mmmm~~~~""'''''''''''~~~ ."
m....~oo~~ .........~~~mm....owwwoooooooooo
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ C"
~~~~~~~~~m............~~~mmmm""''''''''''''''''~'''''''''''''''~~ 3:
~mo~~~~mmwwwmo........ommmoooooooooo
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 00000000000 Ql
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
wwwww~~~~~mmm....~~~mmm~~~~~~~~~~ ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
~~~wwwwww~~~~m........~mmm""'~""'''''''''''''''''''''~'''''''''' 3:
....~moo.....w~.........~~m~c.nc.n.....~~.....oooooooooo
000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000 ~ "0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CD
.,
(')
CD
::J
-
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz C- o
C -..
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> ::J !:!:
3: 3
0 CD
::J 3
- CD
::r -
z~~zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz~zz~zzzzzzz c- o
)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)> C .,
CD
)(
(')
CD
CD
Co
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz~~zzz~zzzz~z~z )> CD
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)> )>)>)>)> )> )> ~ Co
zzzzzzzzz~zzz~zz~zz~~zz~zz~z~z en-
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)> )>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)> .g
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> (')
-
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz z
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> 0
<
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> CD
(')
." -t
l1) III
l::r l::r
., (;'
Iii l>
-< cD
I .
~ ."
III _
'< 0
.. ~
~ III
cO' -.
CO ~
l1) -
., ::T
.. l1)
IV l>
" !'" c:
l1) .... CO
., 0 c:
n 0 III
~ )> or
-OJen
o ." ::T
- .. 0
-t ..... III
-. 0 -
3 0 III
CD 0 OJ
.. III
(") -t III
III ., l1)
0' rE' Q.
Eo CO 0
III CD ~
- .,
l1) .. l>
Q.Ul~
." -.... III
-0-<,
o 0 III
~ 0, iii'
iii' W 0
l> ~ -
- )> l>
QOJcg
l> ~ ~
l::r W '<
~ '0 ;:0
l1) 0 (1)
- 0.0
::T -. c:
l1) -t l1)
C) :!. III
-. CO CD
< CO Q.
(1) CD en
~ :1 n
." .... (1)
- - ~
o Ul III
~ g :!.
OJ c:n 0
l1) - Z
~ ~ c:
l1) U) 3
(1) )> 0-
~ OJ CD
.... ." .,
U) .. U)
Ul .
Ul!'J
III ....,
~ 0
Q. -~
I\) -t
o .,
o -.
oCO
CO
CD
:1
^
....
'U1
o
o
)>
OJ
."
I\)
W
o
o
-
0- !'
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oom~N ~ enenc:
ooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooooo -, ~ 5' CO
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo ~ CD III c:
n III - III
iil' 3 III or
~
zzzz~zzzzz~Z~~zzzz~~~~Z~~Z~ZZ~ C-
III
l>l>)>)> )>)>)>)>)> )> . )>)>)>)> )>)>)>)> . ~
~~~~~~~~~m""'''''''''''''''''''''oo~~~ooooooooooa ."
m....,OOOO~N ....,~NNNW....,....,O~~ooooooooooo l1)
~~~~~~~~~~*~~*~~~~~~*~~*~~*~*~ l::r
~~~~~~~~~m....,....,....,....,....,oo~~~ooooooooooo ~
~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooooo III
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
wwwww~....~~~~~~m....,oooowwooooooooooo ~
~~~~~~~~~~ooo~~~~~~ooooooooooo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
NNNWWWWWw~~~~~m....,oo~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~
....,OO~OO~W~....,~~~~....,W~~~NOOOOOOOOOOO
000000000000000000000000000000 ~ "
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (1)
.,
n
(1)
~
-
C- o
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz~z~zzzz c: -
)>)>)>l>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )> )>)>)>)> ~ e.
~ 3
0 l1)
~ 3
- (1)
::T -
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ C- o
c: .,
l1)
)(
n
(1)
(1)
Q,
zz~zzzz~z~~zzzz~z~zz~~~~~zzzz~ l> (1)
)>)> )>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)> :E Q,
zzzzzzzzzzzzzz~zz~zz~~~~~~~zzz en
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)> )>)> )>)>)> ~
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> n
-
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ Z
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>l> 0
<
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz~zzzzz 0
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)> (1)
n
"T1 -t
CD III
0" 0"
2 CD
III >
-< ..:...
I 0
s: ~
III _
'< 0
~. :e
~ III
cO' -.
10 ::::l
CD -
... ~
.. CD
IV )>
." 5fl c:
(I) "" 10
... 0 c:
n 0 III
CD - _
::::l > III
-OJen
o "T1 ~
- .. 0
-t _"" III
-. 0 -
3 0 III
CD 0 OJ
() ~ l}:
III ... CD
n cC. a.
=- 10 0
~ ~ ::l
CD .. >
0- U1 ::::l
"T1 :.. III
-0-<,
o 0 III
:e bl _.
-. - III
III W 0
> ~ -
- - >
o > 10
... OJ (I)
)> ~ i::
0" W '<
~ '0 ::0
CD 0 (I)
- O.c
~ -. c:
CD -t CD
G> :::!. III
-. 10 m
< 10 0-
CD CD .
::::l ... en
"T1;n
- ~ CD
o U1 ::::l
:e 0 III
o :::!.
OJu,O
CD ~ z
i'~c:
CD CD 3
CD }; 0"
::::l OJ CD
.... "T1 ...
CD .. ....
g: ~~ ?
III .....
::::l 0
0- R
~ -t
o ...
o -.
010
10
CD
~
^
""
'in
o
o
};
OJ
"T1
~
'0
o
o
-
a-en>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m""N :e~~c:
o~m""No~m""No~m""No~m~No~m~NOoooo -"'010
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo ::::l (I) III c:
n III - III
.;;r 3 III S'
,";"
I
~zzzzzzzzzzz~~~~~~~~zzzz~z~zzz ~
:ill
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)> )> )>)>)> ~
~""""~~~~~~m.........................~mmmm"""""""""""""""""""" ~
m.....~OO....N .........NNNW..........owwwoooooooooo
0000000000000000000000.00000000 '0"
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~""~~~~~~~m.........................~mmmm"""""""""""""""""""" s:
~mONN ~mmwwww~~.....ommmoooooooooo
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000 III
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~*~~~~~~* ...
wwwww"""..".."..~~~mm.....oooommm~~~~~~~~~~ ~
~~~~~~~~~~oo~~~~~~~~oooooooooo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ...
NNNWWWWWw~~~~~m.....~mmm"""""""""""""""""""" s:
.....~moo....w~.........~~~.....w~................oooooooooo
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 000 0 0 0 00000000000 ~ ."
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CD
...
n
CD
::::l
-
~ 0
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ~ZZZZZZ~ZZZZZZZZ c: -
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> ::::l eo
s: 3
0 CD
::::l 3
-
~ CD
-
zz~z~~zzz~~~~~~Z~Z~ZZZ~Z~ZZ~ZZ ~ 0
)>)>)> )>)>)> )> )> )>)>)> )> )>)> )>)> c: ...
(I)
)(
n
(I)
(I)
0-
~~~$~~$$$~~$$~$$$$$$$~$$$$~$$$ )> CD
~ 0-
ZZ~ZZZ$Z~ZZ~$~Z$ZZZ$Z$$zzzz$ZZ en
)>)> )>)>)> )>)>)> )> )>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)> ~
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 0
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> n
-
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ Z
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> 0
<
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz$zzzzzzzzz c
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> (I)
n
." -i
III III
C" C"
2 m-
III ~
-< ~
. ......
s: ."
III _
~ 0
-i ~
., III
ciS' -.
co ::s
III ....
., ::T
.. ll)
IV ~
51l c:
""co
o c:
o III
- ....
~ III
OJ en
g, :'!l ::T
-i ~.,.. g
-. 0 -
3 0 III
III 0 OJ
n ~ ~
~ .,. III
(') ciS C.
~ co 0
2l. ~ ::s
III .. ~
C. SJ1 ::s
." .,.. III
-0-<,
o 0 III
~ C, -.
-. ~ III
III W 0
~ <0 _
.... !e ~
o ~ co
., OJ III
~ :'!l ~
C" 1'1.) '<
~ ~ ::0
III 0 III
.... 0 J:l
::T ~. c:
III -i ll)
G) :!. III
-. co CD
~ cg c.
::s :1 en
!! ~.,.. ~
o U1 ::s
~ 0 III
o :!.
OJ tn 0
III ~ z
i'~c:
III <0 3
ll) )> C"
::s OJ III
...... ." .,
<0........
U1 1'1.) ......
U1 ~
III .......
::s 0
c.R
1'1.) -i
o .,
o -.
Oco
co
III
:1
^
.,..
en
o
o
)>
OJ
."
1'1.)
'0
o
o
-
0- ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m""N ~enenc:
o~m~No~m~No~m~No~m~No~m~NOoooo _. ::;- g- co
000000000000000000000000000000 ::s III III c:
00000000000000000000000000 (') III _ III
_ 3 III ....
III III
..:;..
'r
zzzzzzzz~~~z~zzzz~z~z~z~z~~zz~ c...
III
>>>>>>>> > ~~>> > > > > >>~ ::s
~~~~~~~~~m.................................................~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ."
~~~qq~~o~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo Ill)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ iC"
~~~~~~~~~m..........................................~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~
~~q~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo III
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
wwwww~~~~~mmmmmm.......<o<o<o~~~~~~~~~~ ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
-.lr.-.lr......J.-Jr.~-Jrr.-.lr.-.lr.-.lr.-.lr.
NNNWWWW~W~~~~~~mm~~~oooooooooo s:
~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo ~ "0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ III
.,
(')
III
::s
....
c... 0
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz c: -
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>~>>>>>> ::s ~
s: 3
0 III
::s 3
.... ll)
::T ....
z~zz~z~zz~zzzzzzzzz~z~zzzzzzzz c... 0
> >> > >> >>>>>>>>> > >>>>>>>> c: .,
ll)
><
(')
III
III
Q.
~zz~~z~~z~~zz~z~zzzz~zz~~zzzzz ~ III
C.
>> > > >>> >>>>>> >>>>> ~
zz~~zzz~z~z~zz~zzzzzzzzzzzzzz~ en
>> >>> > > >> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> ~.
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (')
....
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz z
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 0
<
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz c
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> III
(')
"TI -f
(I) ~
tT tT
2 CD
~ )>
-< ~
I N
~ ~
~ -
'< 0
~. :c
:;t 1/1
cO' -.
eo :J
(I) -
., ;:r
.. (I)
IV )>
"tl ~O) ~
(I) --.I eo
., 0 ~
(') 0 1/1
(I) - _
:J )> ~
- OJ CJ)
o "TI ;:r
- .. 0
-f ~ ~
-. '0 -
3 0 1/1
(I) 0 OJ
(") ~ ll:
~ .., (I)
n cO' a.
:. co 0
~ (I) :J
- .,
CD .. )>
a. 9' :J
"TI ~ ~
-0-<,
o 0 1/1
:c 0, iii'
iii' en 0
)> ~ -
- - )>
o)>eo
.., OJ (I)
)> ~ ~
tT W '<
~ W ;:0
(I) 0 CD
- 0 .Q
;:r ~. ~
(I) -f (I)
C) ~. 1/1
-. eo CD
~ 'i a.
:J .., CJ)
"TI :c;. (')
- _ CD
o UI :J
:c 0 ~
o ~.
OJu,o
~ W z
:c co ~
(I) co 3
(I) > tT
:J OJ (I)
~ "TI ..,
co " ~
g: _N !'J
~ --.I
:J 0
a. R
N -f
o ..,
o -.
oeo
eo
(I)
:-!
^
~
c.n
o
o
>
OJ
"TI
N
W
o
o
-
0- ~
m~~~~~AAAAAWWWWWNNNNN~~~~~ :cCJ)~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o~
000000000000000000000000000000 ~~I/I
00000000000000000000000000 a30-
,1/1 ~
~
!
z~~zzzzzzzzz~z~z~~z~z~zz~zzzz~ 'C-
!~
> >>>>>>>>> > > > > >> >>>> f:J
AAA~~~~~~~mm~~~~cococo~~~~~~~~~~~ ,,"
m~~OO~N ~COCOCON~m~OA~OOOOOOOOOOO
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,(I)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ P'
AA~~~~~~~m~~~~~~cococo~~~~~~~~~~~ ~
~COONN ~mCONoowco~~ommOOOOOOOOOOO
00000000000000 0.000 oDOOOOOOoooo III
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~~~* ..,
~~.....a.....Jrr......Jrr......Jrr......a.....Jrr.""".....a......a.
WWWWwAAAAAmm~~~~~cocoooooooooooo ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~ooooooooooo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
NNNWWWWWWA~~~m~~~coco~~~~~~~~~~~ ~
~~COOO~WA~O~~~N~~~~NOOOOOOOOOOO
000000000000000000000000000000 ~ "tl
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (I)
.,
(')
CD
:J
-
C- o
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz ~ -
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> :J ~
~ 3
0 (I)
:J 3
- (I)
;:r -
Z~Z~ZZZZZ~ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ~ZZZZZ C- o
> > >>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> ~ ..,
(I)
><
(')
(I)
CD
C.
Z~ZZ~Z~ZZZZZZZZZZZ~Z~~ZZZZZZZ~ )> (I)
> >> > >>>>>>>>>>> > >>>>>>> ~ c.
Z~ZZ~ZZZ~ZZ~ZZZZZZZZZ~ZZZZZZZ~ CJ)
> >> >>> >> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> ~
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (')
-
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz z
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 0
<
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz c
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (I)
(')
"T1 ~
(l) Dl
CT CT
2 CD
Dl )>
.;;! ~
I ~
~ "T1
Dl _
'< 0
.. ~
~ 1/1
ce' 5'
lC _
CD ~
~ (l)
IV )>
1J !S' c:
(l) ...., lC
., 0 c:
n 0 1/1
~ )> iii
- lJJ en
o "T1 ~
..... .. 0
~ ~ Dl
-. '0 -
3 0 1/1
CD 0 lJJ
.. Dl
n ~ 1/1
Dl ., (l)
0' cO' 0-
=- lC 0
Dl (l) ~
- .,
(l) .. )>
Co CJI ~
"T1 ~ Dl
-0.;:
o 0 1/1
~ 0, -.
-'. 1/1
1/1 (7) 0
)> ~ .....
- - )>
o )>lC
., lJJ (l)
"T1 ~
.. n
w'<
W ;;0
o (l)
0.0
.. c:
~ (l)
~. ~
lC (l)
CD Co
., en
.. n
~ (l)
. ~
CJI Dl
g ~.
In 0
. z
~ c:
!e 3
)> CT
.... lJJ ~
CD ~ ....
~ .'" ~
Dl ....,
~ 0
Co .~
'" ~
g ~.
olC
lC
(l)
~
^
~
<.n
o
o
)>
lJJ
"T1
'"
'0
o
o
.....
a-en)>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oom~N ~~~c:
ooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooooo -. ., 0 lC
oooooooooooooooooooooooopooooo ~ CD Dl c:
00000000000000000000000000 n Dl - 1/1
~31/1iii
~
:
zzzzzzzz~~zz~~z~z~~zz~~z~z~zzz ~
Dl
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)> )>)> )>)> )>)> )>)>>> ~
~~~~~~~~~~mm....,....,oooowwwwoooooooooo "T1
~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo CD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CT
~~~~~~~~~m....,....,....,....,oooowwwwoooooooooo ~
~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo Dl
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
wwwww~~~~~mmm....,oooooowwwoooooooooo ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~~~~~~~~~ .,
NNNWWWWww~~~~m....,....,oowww~~~~~~~~~~ ~
....,oowoo~w~....,O~~~N~~~~~~oooooooooo
000 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 ~ 1J
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (l)
.,
n
(l)
~
-
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz ~ 0
c: .....
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> ~ ~
.' ~ 3
0 (l)
~ 3
- CD
~ -
zzz~zzz~zzz~~~zzz~zz~~~zzz~~zz ~ 0
)>)>)> )>)>)> )>)>)> )>)>)>)>)> )>)>)> )>)> c: .,
(l)
x
n
(l)
(l)
Co
~zzzz~zzzzzzz~zzzz~~zzz~~zz~z~ )> (l)
)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)> )>)>)> )>)>)> ~ Co
zzz~zz~zzz~zzzz~~zzzzzzzzzzzzz en
)>)>)> )>)> )>)>)> )>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> ~
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> n
-
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz z
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> 0
<
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz c
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> CD
n
" -f
CD III
CT CT
2 CD
III l>
-< ~
. ~
3: "
III _
'< 0
-. ~
~ III
cO' -.
cc ::l
CD -
., :T
.. CD
IV l>
"tI 5fl c:
CD ...., cc
., 0 c:
n 0 III
CD - _
::l l> III
-OJen
o " :T
- .. 0
-f _~ III
-. 0 -
3 0 III
CD 0 OJ
-. III
o -f III
III ., CD
0" US' a.
=. cc 0
III CD ::l
- .,
CD .. l>
a. Con ::l
" ~ III
-0-<,"
o 0 III
~ 0, iii'
iii' a, 0
l> ~ -
- - l>
Ol>cc
., OJ CD
l> ~ ~
CT W '<
~ '0 :xl
CD 0 CD
- 0 .0
:T .. c:
CD -f CD
G) ~. III
-. cc CD
< cc a.
~ ~ en
::!! -~ g
o Con ::l
~ 0 III
o ~,
OJc:,.o
CD - z
i ~ c:
CD co 3
CD > CT
::l III CD
.... " .,
co .. ....
~ .'" ~
III ....,
::l 0
a.::!
'" -f
o .,
o -.
occ
cc
CD
:'!
^
~
<.n
o
o
>
OJ
"
'"
(.J
o
o
-
0- ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~mm~'" ~enenc:
omm~"'omm~"'omm~"'omm~"'omm~"'ooooo _. t;' g- cc
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo ::l CD III c:
n III - III
u;-311lS'
~
~z~zz~~~zzz~zz~zz~z~~~z~z~zzzz ' C-
. III
>>> >>>>>>> > > > >>>> ::l
~~~~c.n~~~~c.nmmm....,....,mmmm"""""""""""""""""""""" ."
m....,moo....'" ....,mmmmo~....,o~c.nOOOOOOOOOOO
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q.!O 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,CD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*,~~*~~~~ CT
~~~~~~~~c.nm....,....,....,....,....,mmmm"""""""""""""""""""""" 3:
mmo",,,, ~mm"'ooo""c.n....,ommOOOOOOOOOOO
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ III
.,
o 0 00 0 000 0 0 0
wwwww~~~~~mmmmmmmcocoooooooooooo ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
"'''''''wwwwww~c.nc.n~~c.n....,mmm'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3:
....,mmoo....w~....,o............wmc.n........"'OOOOOOOOOOO
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ "tI
CD
o 0 0 0 0 000 000 .,
n
CD
::l
-
C- o
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz c: -
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> -
::l 3'
3:
0 CD
::l 3
- CD
:T -
zzzzzzzz~~z~zz~zz~zzzz~z~zz~ZZ C- o
>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> > >> >> c: .,
CD
)(
n
CD
CD
a.
~ZZZZ~z~zzzzzz~zzzzzz~zzzzzzzz l> CD
>>>> > >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>> ii a.
zzzzzzzzz~z~ZZZZZZZ~~z~Z~~zz~Z en
>>>>>>>>> > >>>>>>> > > >>> ~
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> n
-
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz z
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 0
<
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz c
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> CD
n
." -l
CD t\l
CT CT
2 CD
t\l )>
-< ~
I U'I
s: ~
t\l _
'< 0
-. ~
~ III
cO' -"
lD ::J
CD -
... ::r
.. CD
IV )>
." !>> I::
CD ...... lD
... 0 I::
o 0 III
CD - _
::J )> t\l
- OJ CJ)
a~::r
-I ~ g
3" g Vi
CD 0 OJ
o :i ~
!!!. ... CD
o cO' Q.
=- lD 0
~ ~ ::J
CD .. )>
Q. (JI ::J
." ~ t\l
-0,<,
o 0 III
~ C, -.
-. - III
III 0) 0
)>(Q-
- ~ )>
O)>lD
... OJ CI)
)> ~ ~
CT (.0) '<
~ '0 ;;0
CD 0 CD
- 0 .c
::r -. I::
CD -l CD
C> :::!. III
-' lD S"
~ cg Q.
::J :'! CJ)
.,,~o
- _ CD
o U'I ::J
~ 0 t\l
o :::!.
OJu,O
CI) - z
i ~ I::
CD (Q 3
CD > CT
::J OJ CI)
~ ." ...
(Q .. ~
g: N ~
t\l ~
::J 0
Q. -~
N -l
o ...
o -.
olD
lD
CD
:'!
^
~
u,
o
o
>
OJ
."
N
'0
o
o
-
o-CJ))>
0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~mm~N ~~::rl::
omm~Nomm~Nomm~Nomm~Nomm~Nooooo -. ... 0 lD
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo ::J CD t\l I::
o t\l - III
, ;;r3111lii
.:;..
~ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ~Z~zz~ZZZZZZ~ c...
t\l
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>~)>)> )> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>~ ::J
~~~U'lU'lU'lU'I~U'lU'lmmm............mmmmm~~~~~~~~~~ ."
m......mOO~N ......mmmmo~......owwwoooooooooq CD
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~~~~ CT
~~U'lU'lU'I~U'lU'lU'lm..............................mmmmm~~~~~~~~~~ s:
~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo t\l
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ...
wwwww~~~~~mmmmmmmmmmoooooooooo ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ...
NNNWWWWWW~U'lU'lU'lU'lU'I......mmmm~~~~~~~~~~ s:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo ~ ."
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CD
...
0
CD
::J
-
c... 0
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ I:: -
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> ::J ~
s: 3
0 CD
::J 3
- CD
::r -
zzz~zzzzzz~zzzz~z~~~zz~~~~~zz~ c... 0
)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)> I:: ...
CD
><
0
CD
CI)
Q.
zzzzzzzzz~zz~z~zzzzzzzzzz~~zzz )> CD
Q.
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)> )> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)> ~
z~z~z~zzzzzz~z~zz~z~z~zzzzz~~z CJ)
)> )> )> )>)>)>)>)>)> )> )>)> )> )> )>)>)>)>)> )> ~
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> 0
-
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz z
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> 0
<
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz c
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> CD
0
"TI -i
CD III
C'" C'"
., CD
~ )>
-< ~
I !'l
3: "TI
III _
'< 0
-. ~
~ l/l
cEo _.
cc :J
CD -
., ::r
.. CD
Iv )>
"tJ .!'l c:
CD ....... cc
., 0 c:
n 0 l/l
~ )> iir
- OJ CIJ
o "TI ::r
- .. 0
-i _~ III
-. 0 -
3 0 l/l
CD 0 OJ
-. III
n -i l/l
III ., CD
n cO' c.
:.cco
III CD :J
- .,
CD .. )>
c. c.n :J
"TI ~ III
-0,<,
o 0 l/l
~ 0, iii'
iii' a, 0
)>:g-
- - )>
o)>cc
., OJ CD
)> :-!1 ~
C'" N '<
~ ......... ::a
CD 0 CD
- 0 .0
::r -. c:
CD -i CD
G') ::!. l/l
-. cc S'
< cc c.
CD CD CIJ
:J:1n
"TI ~ CD
- - :J
o c.n III
~ 0 .,
o _.
OJ tn 0
CD - z
i"~c:
CD CD 3
CD )> C'"
:J OJ CD
..... "TI .,
CD .. .....
g: _N !'l
III .......
:J 0
C. _~
N -i
o .,
o -.
occ
cc
CD
:1
^
~
'in
o
o
)>
OJ
"TI
N
'0
o
o
-
0- ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m~N ~CIJClJc:
O~m~NO~m~NO~m~NO~m~NO~m~NOOOOO -. ~ 5' cc
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo :J CD III c:
n III - l/l
c;r3l/liir
..;;;...
,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~$ c...
III
:J
:
I
~~~c.nc.nc.nc.n~c.nc.nmmmmm""",,,,,,,,~~w~~~~~~~~~6 "TI
~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooo6 CD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~********** C'"
~~c.nc.nc.n~c.nc.nc.nm.................................................w~~""'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3:
~~ONN c.nm~NOOOOON~mmmOOOOOOOOOO
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 III
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~**~~~*~ .,
WWWWw~~~~~mmmmmm.......~~~OOOOOOOOOO ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OOOOOOOOOO
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~********** .,
NNNWWWWWW~c.nc.nc.nc.nc.nc.nm~~w~~~~~~~~~~ 3:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OOOOOOOOOO ~ "tJ
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~********** CD
.,
n
CD
:J
-
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ~ZZZZZZZZZZ~ZZ~Z c... 0
c: -
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)> )> -
:J ~r
3:
0 CD
:J 3
- CD
::r -
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~$$$~$~~$$$$ c... 0
:. .,
CD
><
n
CD
CD
c.
ZZ~ZZZ~ZZZZZ~~~ZZ$Z~Z$Z~$$Z$$Z )> CD
)>)> )>)>)> )>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)> )> )> ~ c.
$ZZZ~ZZZZZZ$~Z$~Z$~ZZ$$ZZ$Z$$$ CIJ
)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)> )> )> )>)> )>)>)> ~
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 0
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> n
-
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ Z
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> 0
<
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ C
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> CD
n
c.... -f
c: III
::s 0-
Cll -
I Cll
c.... )>
III .
::s .....
c: ;--l
III
-< !!
-. 0
-f ~
~. l/l
10 -.
10 ::s
Cll ..
~ ::r
IV Cll
-g ~ )>
Cll <.n c:
... 0 10
n 0 c:
Cll - III
::s )> ..
.. OJ III
o 'TI (/)
_ .. ::r
-f '" 0
-. - III
3 ...., -
Cll 0 l/l
n -~ OJ
!!!. ~ l;:
n -. Cll
:.:g c.
III Cll 0
CD ~ ::s
c. ^ )>
'TI ~ ::s
a <.n !!!.
~ 0 '<
o l/l
(ii' > (ii'
)> OJ 0
.. 'TI -
o .. )>
... _'" 10
)> (.0) Cll
0- 0 ::s
o 0 n
< '<
Cll :;0
.. Cll
::r .Q
Cll c:
(;) Cll
_, III
< ..
Cll Cll
::s c.
'TI (/)
_ n
o Cll
~ ::s
OJ ~.
Cll 0
i' z
CD c:
CD 3
::s 0-
..... Cll
CD ...
(Jl .....
(Jl ....,
III .
::s
0-
'"
o
o
o
-
O'-(/))>
0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m~~ ~~::rC:
o~m~~o~m~~o~m~~o~m~~o~m~~ooooo -. ... 0 10
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo ::s Cll III c:
n III - C/I
ij1'3C/1jij
<, ~
I
(.o)(.o)~~~~~~~~~~~~~m....,ww~~~~~~~~~~~ c....
....,~o~~(.o)~m....,~w~(.o)m~~~N~ooooOOOOOO? III
000000000000000000000000000000
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~**********~ ::s
I
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz~~~$zz~zzzz 'TI
Cll
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~ 0-
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 3:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ III
...
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz~zzzzzzzz~zz ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~)>)>~~ ~)>)>)>)>)>)>~ ~)> ...
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 3:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ -g
Cll
...
n
Cll
::s
..
-.lr.-.s..~................................................ 0
~~~~~~~~~~~(.o)(.o)(.o)~~mw~ooooooooooo c.... -
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooooo c: :!:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~*~**~ ::s 3
3:
0 CD
::s 3
.. Cll
~ww~~~~~~~~~~~(.o)~~wwooooooooooo ::r ..
c.... 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo c: ...
ooo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*********** Cll
)(
n
Cll
Cll
~w~~~~~~~~~~~(.o)(.o)~mwwooooooooooo 0-
)> Cll
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo ~ 0-
OO~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~****
....,....,~~w~~~~~~~~~(.o)~mwwooooooooooo en
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo ~
ooooo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~*~~
............................................................NNN~NW~W~ooo~oo~oooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo n
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*********** ..
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(.o)~~wooooooooooo Z
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*********** <
--lr.............................................................
(.o)(.o)(.o)(.o)(.o)(.o)(.o)(.o)(.o)(.o)(.o)(.o)~~t~mwwooooooooooo c
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o~~~~ooooooooooo Cll
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*********** n
C--i
c::: III
::s l:T
lD -
lD
, }>
C-,
III .....
::s Q)
c::: .
III 'TI
-< -
.. 0
-i =:
.., 1/1
cO' -.
10 ::s
lD r+
.., ~
.. lD
IV }>
'TJ ~ c:::
lD (J'l 10
.., 0 c:::
(') 01/1
lD - r+
::s }> III
r+ OJ VI
o :'!1 ~
- 0
-i _N III
-. ..... -
3 0 1/1
lD 0 OJ
-. III
o -i 1/1
!!. ~. lD
(') 10 c..
c::: 10 0
Di lD ::s
r+ ..,
lD .. }>
c.. ^ ::s
'TI .1:>0 III
-c.,.o<
o 0 1/1
=: 0 -.
- 1/1
iii' }> 0
}>OJ_
r+ 'TI }>
.. 10
Q j') lD
}> O::s
l:T 0 (')
o 0,<
< ;:0
lD lD
r+ .c
~ c:::
lD lD
G') !e.
-. lD
< c..
~ VI
'TI (')
- lD
o ::s
=: ~
OJ O'
lD Z
i" c:::
lD 3
lD l:T
::s lD
..... ..,
<0 .....
(J'l Q)
(J'l .
III
::s
c..
N
o
o
o
~
0- ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Q)m~N =:VlVlc:::
OQ)m~NOQ)m~NOQ)m~NOQ)m~NOQ)m~NOoooo _~glO
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo ::s lD III c:::
(')1ll_1/1
_31/1r+
1/1 III
~
wW~~~~~~~~~(J'l(J'l(J'l(J'lm.....mmm~~~~~~~~~6 C-
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooOOOOOOd III
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~ ::s
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz~zzzz~zzzz~zzz 'TI
lD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ l:T
zz~zzzz~zzzzzz~zzzzz~zzzzzzzzz ~
~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ III
..,
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ..,
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ 'TJ
lD
..,
(')
lD
::s
r+
....................NNNNNNNwww~~mmmm~~~~~~~~~o C- o
-
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo c::: eo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::s 3
~
0 lD
::s 3
r+ lD
~~~~~~~~~~ ~ r+
Q)mm........................................NNNW~(J'l~~~oooooooooo C- o
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooooo c::: ..,
ooo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ lD
X
(')
lD
m
Q)m...................................NNNNww~mmmm~~~~~~~~~~ c..
}> lD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo ~ c..
OO~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
..........Q)Q)m..............................NNNw~mmmm~~~~~~~~~~ VI
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo ~
ooooo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
..................................................NNNNNW(J'lmmm~~~o~~~~~~ 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo (')
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ r+
........................................NNNNNNNW(J'lQ)Q)Q)~~oo~~~ooo Z
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ <
~~~~~~~~~~
wwwwwwwwwwww~~t(J'lmmmmoooooooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~oooooooooo m
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (')
~ -t
c: III
:J C"
~ -
I CD
~ >
III I
:J ....
c: !'l
III
-< !!
.. 0
-t ~
::!. III
cc -.
cc :J
CD -
~ ~
IV >
"tJ !J1 c:
CD ~ cc
c:; 0 c:
~ g III
:J > -
_ OJ III
o "T1 en
_ .. ;;r
-t N 0
-. - III
3 ..... -
~ 0 III
n ~ OJ
III -t III
_ .., III
(') -. CD
c: cc a.
_CC
III ~ 0
CD ~ :J
Q. ~ >
"T1 - :J
_ U1 III
00-
< 0 '<
< I III
_. U1 -.
III W III
> <0 0
_ <0 -
o )> >
.., OJ cc
> "T1 CD
tT .. :J
o N (')
< . '<
~ g: ::0
_ 0 ~
;;r .. .J:I
CD -t c:
G') ::!. m
_. cc -
< cc CD
~CDQ.
:J ..,
.. en
!! ^ (')
o ~ ~
~. :J
U1 III
OJ 0 ::!.
CD 0 0
1 )> z
CD OJ c:
~ :'!l 3
.... .N g-
<0 W ..,
U1 0 ....
U1 0 <0
III .
:J
Q.
N
o
o
o
-
0- ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m~N ~enenc:
o~m~No~m~No~m~No~m~No~m~NOoooo _. ~ g cc
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo :J CD III c:
(') III _ III
.: ur3111Qj
~
ww~~~~~~~~~~~~~m~~<O~~~~~~~~~~3 ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo III
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :J
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz~~zz~zzzzz~ "T1
CD
~>>>>~~~~>>>~>>>>>~ ~~ >>>~>. tT
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ :3:
~~~~~~>>~~~~~~>~>~>>>~~~>~>>>> III
..,
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz ::
>>>>>>>>~>~~~~~~~>~~~~~~~~~~~~ ..,
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz :3:
~~~~~~~~~~>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ "tJ
CD
..,
(')
CD
:J
-
................NNNNNNNwww~~m~<o~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ 0
-
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo c: eo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~**~*~~~~ :J 3
:3:
0 ~
:J 3
-
;;r ~
~<o<o................................NNNW~~~<O~~~~~~~~~~~ -
~ 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo c: ..,
ooo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~
><
(')
CD
CD
~<o""""""""""""""NNNNww~m<o<o~~~~~~~~~~~ Q.
> ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo cE Q.
OO~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~**~~~~~**
~~~~<o""""""""""""NNNW~~~<O~~~~~~~~~~~ en
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo .g
ooooo~~~~~~.~~~~~~~~~~~*~~~~**~
........................................NNNNNW~~<O~~~~~~~~~~~ 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo (')
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -
................................NNNNNNNW~~<O~~~~~~~~~~~ Z
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~**~**~~ <
wwwwwwwwwwww~~~~m~<o~~ooooooooo c
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ooooooooooo CD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (')
C- -I
I: III
::J CT
IV -
I IV
C- )>
III I
::J N
I: ?
III
-< :!!
-. 0
-I ~
:!. l/I
lC -.
lC ::J
IV -
., :T
.. IV
Iv )>
" .!J1 I:
IV ~ lC
., 0 I:
~ e l/I
::J )> Di
- OJ
o 'TI CIl
_ .. :T
-I N 0
-.. III
3 ...., -
IV 0 l/I
o
0.' OJ
III -I III
_ ., l/I
o -. IV
I: lC c..
iil~O
_ ., ::l
IV ..
c.. ~ )>
'TI i.n ::J
- 0 III
o 0-<
~ . l/I
c.n -.
iii' w l/I
)> CD 0
_ CD -
o > )>
., OJ lC
)> 'TI CD
CT .. ::J
o N 0
< . '<
IV ~ :;0
_ 0 IV
:T .. .a
IV -I I:
C> ~. :J:
_. lC -
< lC IV
IV IV Q.
::J :'! CIl
:!! ^ 0
o ~ IV
<. ::J
c; c.n III
OJ 0 ~.
IV 0 0
i' > z
IV OJ I:
CD 'TI 3
::J .. CT
.... .N IV
CD 0 .,
c.n 0 N
c.n 0 ?
III
::J
c..
N
o
o
o
-
0- !"
0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m~N ~CIlCllI:
o~m~No~m~No~m~No~m~Nomm~NOoooo -. q' 5' lC
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo ::J CD III I:
n III - l/I
-3l/1Di
~
c
ww~~~~~~~~~~~~~m....,mIDID~~~~~"""""""""" c..
....,mO....Nw~m....,mID....wm~Nw~NNOOOOOOOOOO
000000000000000000000000000000 III
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ '::I
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz$zz$$$z$$$ 'TI
IV
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )> CT
zzzzzzzzzzz$zzzzzzzz~zzzzzzzz~ ~
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> III
.,
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz ~
)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> .,
zzzz~zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz ~
)>)>)>)> )>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)>)> ~ "
IV
.,
0
CD
::J
-
........~~NNNNNNNwww~~m~IDIDoooooooooo C- o
-
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo I: -
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::l 3'
s:
0 CD
::J 3
- IV
mIDID~~~~~~~""NNNW~~~IDIDoooooooooo :T -
C- o
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo I: .,
ooo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* CD
)(
0
IV
IV
mID~~~~~~~NNNNww~m~IDIDoooooooooo Q.
)> CD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo cS Q.
OO~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
....,....,mmID~~~~....~NNNw~~mIDIDoooooooooo CIl
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo ~
ooooo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~~~*~***~
~~~~~~~~~~~N~NNw~oomm~~~~oooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* -
~~~~~~~~NNNNNNNw~m~moooooooooo Z
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ <
wwwwwwwwwwww~~~~mmIDID~~~""~~""~~~ 0
O~Nwww~~~m~IDo""~ID""W~~oooooooooo
000000000000000000000000000000 CD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~***~ 0
C- -t
c III
:::::I C'
III -
I III
C- ~
III ·
:::::I N
C :"""
III
-< :!!
~. 0
-t :c
:!. l/I
lC -.
lC :::::I
III -
., :::::I"
.. III
IV ~
"'0 Y. c
III ~ lC
c:; 0 C
III ~ l/I
:::::I ~ -
_ OJ III
o "T1 en
- .. :::::I"
-t N 0
-. - III
3 ...., -
CD 0 l/I
n ~~ OJ
III -t III
_ ., l/I
n -. III
C lC Q.
iii 'g 0
lD :: :::::I
Q. ~ ~
"T1 tn :::::I
- 0 III
o 0-<
:c I l/I
_. U'I -.
l/I W l/I
~ CD 0
_ CD -
o )> ~
., OJ lC
~ "T1 III
C' .. :::::I
o N n
< ~ '<
CD ~ :::u
_ 0 III
:::::I" .. .0
III -t c
G) :!. :J:
-. lC -
< lC III
CD III Q.
:::::I .,
.. en
:!! ^ n
o ~ III
:c. :::::I
U'I III
OJ 0 :!.
(I) 0 0
i' )> z
CD OJ c
g ~ 3
.... .N g-
CD 0 .,
U'I 0 N
U'I 0 ....
III .
:::::I
Q.
N
o
o
o
-
0'- ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oom~N :cenenc
ooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooom~Nooooo -. ::t 5' lC
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo :::::I (I) III C
n III - l/I
_3l/1-
l/I III
t-.::.
wW~~~~~~~~~~~~~mmoooo~oooooooooo C-
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo III
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2. ?f2.'?f2. :::::I
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz~Z~ZZZ~z "T1
III
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~ > C'
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 3:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ III
.,
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 3:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ "'0
(I)
.,
n
(I)
:::::I
-
...Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr.. 0
~~~~NNNNNNNWWW~~~....,~~oooooooooo C- -
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o~oooooooooo C -
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2. :::::I 3'
3:
0 (I)
:::::I 3
- III
oo~~~~~~~~~~NNNW~~OOOO~oooooooooo :::::I" -
C- o
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo c .,
000~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2. (I)
)(
n
(I)
(I)
oo~~~~~~~~NNNNww~moo~~oooooooooo Q.
l> (I)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo ~ Q.
00~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.
....,....,oooo~~~~~~~NNNW~~OOOO~oooooooooo en
~~?f2.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo ~
00 00~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.
...Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr.....Jrr..
~~~~~~~~~~NNNNNW~....,~~oooooooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o~oooooooooo n
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2. -
~~~~~~~~NNNNNNNW~....,....,OOoooooooooo Z
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2. <
wwwwwwwwwwww~~~~~""'oo~oooooooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo (I)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2.?f2. n
c... -i
s::: QI
:l 0"
CD -
I CD
c... l>
QI I
:l N
s::: !"
QI
-< :!!
~. 0
-i ~
:!. In
CO -.
CO :l
CD ...
.., ~
.. CD
IV l>
"'0 p1 s:::
CD .1:>0 CO
c:l 0 s:::
(I) ~ In
:l l> ...
... OJ QI
o ." en
.... .. ~
-t N 0
-. ~ QI
3 ...... -
CD 0 In
n :? OJ
QI -i QI
_ .., In
n -. (I)
s::: CO c.
Qi'go
... .., :l
(I) ..
C. .1:>0 l>
." U, :l
- 0 QI
o 0 -<
~ I In
-. p1 iii'
In W
l> (0 0
... (0 ....
o )> l>
.., OJ CO
l> ." CD
0" .. :l
o N n
< ~ '<
(I) g ;0
... 0 (I)
~ .. ,Q
CD -i s:::
G> :!. ~
_. CO ...
< CO CD
(I) CD C.
:l :1 en
:!! ^ 0
o .1:>0 CD
~ ~ :l
(II QI
OJ 0 :!.
CD 0 0
i' )> z
(I) OJ s:::
CD ." 3
:l .. 0"
...... ~N (I)
(00'"
(II 0 N
(II 0 N
QI .
:l
C.
N
o
o
o
....
0- ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m.l:>oN ~enens:::
o~m~No~m~No~m~No~m~No~m~Nooooo _~gco
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooo :l (I) QI s:::
oQl-1n
....31n...
In QI
~
wW~~~~~~~~~UlUlUlUlmm~~~ooooooooo5 c...
~~q~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OQooooooop QI
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :l
,
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ~zzzz~~ZZ~zzzz ."
(I)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~ ~~~~ 0"
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz~zzzzzzzzzz ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ QI
..,
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ..,
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ "'0
(I)
..,
0
CD
:l
...
~~~~NNNNNNNWWW~~Ul""""""~oooooooooo c... 0
....
~~~~q~~~~~~~~~q~~~~qoooooooooo s::: ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :l 3
~
0 (I)
:l 3
... (I)
~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ...
~mm~~~~~~~~NNNW~Ul"""~~oooooooooo c... 0
~~~qq~~~~~~q~~~~~~qooooooooooo s::: ..,
ooo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CD
~
0
CD
CD
~~~~~~~~~~ C.
~m~~~~~~~NNNNww~m~~~oooooooooo l> CD
~~q~~~~~~~~~~~~~q~o~oooooooooo ~ C.
OO~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~~~~~~~~
............~~m~~~~~~NNNW~Ul~~~oooooooooo en
~~~~~q~~~~~q~~~~~~~~oooooooooo ~
ooooo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~NNNNNW~""""""~oooooooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~q~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ...
~~~~~~~~NNNNNNNW~"""""""""oooooooooo Z
~~~~~~~~q~~~~~~~~~~~oooooooooo 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ <
wwwwwwwwwwWW~~~~Ul""""""~oooooooooo 0
q~~~~~~~~~~~q~~~~~~~oooooooooo CD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
E N T R I X
ENTRIX. Inc.
621 Non!' Avenue t\t. Slne {,. ' if;.
ft!anta CSA 30:.08
i4C:J; 8B.5355 Mar
(404) 881-5356 Fax
MEMORANDUM
S;r:;'c 1 :~84 Ei;'~;!:"!lnrnr;nr2: (',IC(Ji:')."::~F
To:
Ed Bettross/GA DNR
From:
Erik Dilts/ENTRIX, Inc.
Date:
January 6, 2003
Re:
Augusta Canal Hydropower Project FERC No. 11810
Savannah River Instream Flow Study
American Shad Habitat Suitability Criteria Modifications
In your e-mail dated December 31, 2002, you asked several questions regarding the
justification for the modifications that were made to the modeled American shad
spawning/egg incubation habitat suitability criteria. We are glad to further explain the
methodology used during this process and hope that the responses provided below
answer your questions.
The text from your original inquiry is provided below. Our response follows.
I have reviewed the proposed revisions to American shad spawning
criteria you provided to the resource agencies on December 17, 2002.
The best I can tell you are proposing to make changes to three criteria
(depth, substrate, and cover). The justification written by Hightower for
rivers in North Carolina discusses revisions to depth and substrate.
Neither the narrative or the figures you provided offer justification for
changing the cover criteria. The newly proposed cover criteria has nine
codes, and each has a suitability index (SI) = 1. None of the criteria
(velocity, depth, substrate, and cover) used in the Savannah River
Instream Flow Study for any of the other fish species/life stages have a
SI = 1 for each code or value. What is the impact of maximizing SI
values across an entire criteria? Also, Hightower's narrative does not
fully explain the SI values utilized for substrate.
Paul, would you provide a brief justification for revising American shad
spawning criteria in the Augusta shoals.
We concur t~at the modified American shad spawning/egg incubation habitat suitability
criteria that '4e proposed for use in the Savannah River Instream Flow Study (SRIFS)
would consist of an apparent change in three suitability criteria (Le., depth, substrate,
and cover). Qhanges in two of these categories, substrate and cover, result from the
simple fact that only depth and velocity criteria were originally modeled in the SRIFS. A
general discuSsion of'the habitat suitability modification process, a description of each
change, and the justification for each change is provided below.
LLLL
LLLL
LLLL
LLLL
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
January 6, 2003
Page 2
As agreed to in the scoping process, the depth and velocity habitat suitability criteria for
American shad spawning/egg incubation originally modeled in the SRIFS were taken
from Stier and Crance (1985). Stier and Crance developed their curves based on
information available in the literature at the time and a Delphi exercise. Stier and Crance
(1985) also suggested substrate suitability criteria for American shad egg incubation.
These various criteria are depicted in Figure 1 and Table 1.
Recent research on American shad spawning in the Neuse River of North Carolina, a
southeastern Atlantic slope river similar in many respects to the Savannah River, and
elsewhere generally indicates that American shad select areas of shallow water depths
(1.6-4.1 feet) with coarse substrates for spawning (Beasley and Hightower 2000;
Bowman 2001, Ross et al. 1993). Preferential use of these habitats by spawning
American shad is not reflected in the Stier and Crance (1985) criteria. While selecting
habitat suitability criteria for use in the Swift Creek Instream Flow Study in North
Carolina, the study scoping team recognized that modification of the Stier and Crance
(1985) spawning/egg incubation suitability criteria were needed to better represent the
findings of recent scientific research. The scoping team consisted of an experienced
panel of fisheries biologists, water resources professionals, and researchers
representing ENTRIX, the participating resource agencies, and the North Carolina
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Joe Hightower). Resource agency
representatives included Prescott Brownell, National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS),
Fred Tarver, North Carolina Division of Water Resources, and Pete Kornegay, North
Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. A description of the modifications to the Stier
and Crance (1985) criteria is provided below.
Depth
The original Stier and Crance (1985) criteria indicated that depths between 5 and 20 feet
are optimal for American shad spawning activity. The scoping team modified these
criteria to acknowledge the findings of recent research, which indicate that most
spawning activity occurs in water depths between 1.6 and 6.6 feet (Beasley and
Hightower 2000; Bowman 2001; Ross et al. 1993). These modified criteria are
presented in Figure 2 and Table 2. A depth of 13.1 feet was taken as an upper limit for
spawning suitability based on additional literature review (Bilkovic 2000). Since the
availability Of water depths greater than 13.1 feet in the Augusta Shoals is very limited,
reduction of the maximum suitable water depth for American shad spawning should
have only minimal effects on model results.
Substrate
The Stier and Crance (1985) egg incubation suitability criteria (Figure 1) included optimal
suitability for sand substrates. Recent research indicates that spawning American shad
tend to seleCt areas with coarse substrates (Le., gravel and larger particles), and spawn
over sand sl1.lbstratesless than would be predicted based on its availability (Bowman
2000). Based on these data, the Stier and Crance (1985) criteria were modified to
increase the suitability of boulder substrates to 1.0 and decrease the suitability of sand
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
January 6, 2003
Page 3
substrate to 0.5 (Figure 2; Table 2). The suitability of smooth bedrock was increased
slightly to match that of sand (0.5) because the scoping team considered sand substrate
and smooth bedrock to provide similar egg incubation habitat characteristics. The
suitabiilty values for detritus, mud/clay, silt, gravel, and cobble proposed by Stier and
Crance (1985) were not modified.
No substrate criteria were originally modeled in the SRIFS. Therefore, use of the
modified substrate suitability criteria excludes many habitats that may formerly have
been considered suitable based on their substrate characteristics. As compared to the
Stier and Crance (1985) criteria, use of the modified substrate criteria would only result
in a reduction in the numqer and area of habitats suitable for American shad spawning in
the Augusta Shoals. This is because the Augusta Shoals has considerable areas of
sand and smooth bedrock substrates.
Cover
Stier and Crance (1985) did not make any recommendations for cover suitability criteria
because they did not feel that the cover requirements of spawning American shad had
been adequately described or quantified. The scoping team generally concurred with
this assessment and therefore made no recommendations on the relative value of
various cover types for spawning American shad. Therefore, all cover categories were
assigned a value of 1.0 (Figure 2; Table 2). The impact of setting all the cover suitability
criteria to 1.0 is the same as not considering the criteria at all because in either case,
cover has no effect on the physical habitat calculations (Le., any number x multiplied by
1.0 equals x). Therefore, the proposed cover criteria depicted in Figure 2 do not
represent a change from the cover criteria initially modeled in the SRIFS.
The habitat suitability criteria modifications described above were made by an
experienced panel of fisheries biologists and water resources professionals based on
consideration of the best available literature. Prescott Brownell (NMFS) requested and
endorsed the use of the modified criteria in the SRIFS. We believe that adoption of the
modified American shad spawning/egg incubation criteria will result in an improved
representation of the availability of American shad spawning/egg incubation habitat in
the Augusta Shoals.
We hope that this brief summary has provided the justification and explanation that you
requested. Please feel free to contact us if you have additional questions or comments.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
January 6, 2003
Page 4
Literature Cited
Balkovic, D.M.. 2000. Assessment of spawning and nusery habitat suitability for
American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in the Mattaponi and Pamunkey Rivers.
Doctoral dissertation. School of Marine Science, College of William and Mary.
Beasley, C.A. and J.E. Hightower. 2000. Effects of a low-head dam on the distribution
and characteristics of spawning habitat used by striped bass and American shad.
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129:1316-1330.
Bowman, S.W. 2001. American shad and striped bass spawning migration and habitat
selection in the Neuse River, North Carolina. Master's thesis. North Carolina
State University, Raleigh.
Ross, R.M., T.W.W. Backman, and R.M. Bennett. 1993. Evaluation of habitat suitability
index models for riverine life stages of American shad, with proposed models for
premigratory juveniles. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 14.
Stier, D. J. and J. H. Crance. 1985. Habitat suitability index models and instream flow
suitability curves: American shad. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological
Report 82(10.88).
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
'1:1'-<
~ ~
(JQ ::l
(1) C
Vl~
~
~O\
IV
o
o
w
I
I
I
I
I
I
Suitability Index Suitability Index
0 0 0 0 0 b '" 0 0 0 0 0
b '" ... '" '" b N :.. m Co b N
0
b
'"
b
w
'"
UI < b
l: CD
IT ... 0"
co
~ n
i ~
o en ~
&. .!!!. w
CD b
Ol
...
b
....
'"
en
b
Suitability Index Suitability Index
0 0 0 0 0 b '" 0 0 0 0 0
b '" ... '" '" b '" ... '" '" b '"
0 ,
b
~
'" ;:;
b
w
~
b
... Z
0
0 0 C
0 0 CD
< ~ ~
~ <
en CD ~ b
0 ., 3
&. 0
CD ~.
Ol S'
., ~
iii' b
....
g;
'" b
'" ~
b
,.-.... "11
-" --
coco
<Xlc:
01-.
":-,,,CD
.....
)>
3
CD
-,
o'
0>
::J
(J)
::r
0>
0.
(J)
-0
0>
~
::J
::J
<0
--
CD
<0
<0
::J
o
C
0-
0>
--
c,-
::J
::r
0>
0-
;:;:
0>
--
(J)
c
;:;:
0>
Q:
;:;:
'<
()
-,
;:;:
CD
-,
iii'
0>
(J)
0.
CD
::!l
::J
CD
0.
cr
'<
(j)
e.
CD
-,
0>
::J
0.
()
-,
0>
::J
()
CD
I
I
I
-
I
I
I
"'.......
Il.> Il.>
(Jq ::l
~ C
0'\1l.>
~
~O'\
IV
o
o
UJ
I
I
I
I
I
I
Suitability Index
o a 0 0
No l:. en en
,
o
o
0,
o
iv
o N
N
< 0
CD
0'
n
~
~
.. '"
- (:,
...
(:,
'"
Suitability Index
000
~ en <n
o
iv
o
'"
(:,
N
'"
...
'"
C1>
-.
ex>
I
I
I
IJI
c:
a
~
~
CD
o
o
Q.
m
I
I
I
I
~
'"
'"
o
~
'"
Suitability Index
000
A (n CD
o
iv
..,
'"
..
'"
0>
C '"
CD
"C
~
;:
_ CX>
'"
;:;
'"
..,
'"
iv
'"
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Suitability Index
o 0 0
:.. i:n CD
o
iv
o
'"
N
'"
...
'"
C1>
-.
ex>
'"
o
o
<
~
o
o
Q.
CD
-"T1
~ -.
_CO
..., c:
CD ..,
Ol en
3~
""Tl"
O~
:E 3
S!?CD
C :J.
0.0
-<Ol
. :J
en
::T
Ol
a.
en
'C
Ol
:E
:J
:J
CO
--
CD
CO
CO
:J
o
C
0-
~
o
:J
::T
Ol
CT
;=+:
~
en
C
Q)
CT
-<
o
...,
;=+:
CD
...,
0)'
Ol
en
3
o
a.
3i
CD
a.
-+.
o
...,
-
::T
CD
(f)
:E
~
()
...,
CD
CD
^
I
I
1-
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
January 6, 2003
Page 7
Table 1. American shad spawning/egg incubation habitat suitability criteria coordinate
data as defined by Stier and Crance (1985).
Velocity
Suitability
Ft/s Index
0.3 0.0
1.0 1.0
3.0 1.0
4.3 0.0
Depth
Suitability
Ft Index
1.5 0.0
5.0 1.0
20.0 1.0
50.0 0.0
Substrate
Particle Suitability
Code Size Index
1 Detritus 0.0
2 Mud/soft 0.1
clay
3 Silt 0.2
4 Sand 1.0
5 Gravel 1.0
6 Cobble 1.0
7 Boulder 0.6
8 Bedrock 0.4
Cover
Suitability
Code Cover Type Index
1 None N/A
2 Boulder N/A
3 Ledge N/A
4 Undercut N/A
bank
5 Overhanging N/A
vegetation
6 Log N/A
7 Log Complex N/A
8 Attached N/A
vegetation
9 Rooted N/A
vegetation
I
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
January 6, 2003
Page 8
Table 2. American shad spawning/egg incubation habitat suitability criteria coordinate
data as modified for the Swift Creek Instream Flow Study.
Velocity
Suitability
Ftls Index
0.3 0.0
1.0 1.0
3.0 1.0
4.3 0.0
Depth
Suitability
Ft Index
0.0 0.0
1.6 1.0
6.6 1.0
13.1 0.0
Substrate
Particle Suitability
Code Size Index
1 Detritus 0.0
2 Mud/soft 0.1
clay
3 Silt 0.2
4 Sand 0.5
5 Gravel 1.0
6 Cobble 1.0
7 Boulder 1.0
8 Bedrock 0.5
Cover
Suitability
Code Cover Type Index
1 None 1.0
2 Boulder 1.0
3 Ledge 1.0
4 Undercut 1.0
bank
5 Overhanging 1.0
vegetation
6 Log 1.0
7 Log Complex 1.0
8 Attached 1.0
vegetation
9 Rooted 1.0
vegetation
I
I
I
January 6, 2003
Page 9
I
American shad habitat modeling using existing (used in SRIFS) and modified (revised
since SRIFS) habitat suitability criteria.
I
600,000
~ 500,000
C>
C>
q,
~
'" 400,000
~
III
a>
...
c( 300,000
a>
:0
10
VI
:::I 200,000
'0
a>
E
CI
Gi 100.000
~
I
I
I
I
I
I
~T-'
T~--- - a-
,
,
___~__...a--8
,--B-._.e- ,
a-rre-D ,
.0.8'
Bz'3
ff
:8~
,,~
, ~
,/
')3 ,
',I] ,
Elif ,
. 13'.8'- I
1,000 2,000 3.000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000
Flow (ets)
1___ Modified -e- Existing I
100.0% '--'--'---'f -'---'-"'-r
I
90.0% ,
,
I
80.0% ,
,
c( ,
:::I 70.0%
~
E 60.0%
::I
E
)( 50.0%
10
:E
c: 40.0%
a>
0 30.0%
...
GI
Do
20.0%
to.O%
0.0%
1,000 2,000
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 7,000
Flow (efs)
1-- Modified ~ Existing I
8,000
r"
14' STEEL
(I .'I,',},~I~
W.L EL 155.5
,~
,.
,
, .
SOUTH ELEVATION
ROCK CREEK WASTE GATE
SCALE: 311S" =1'-0"
19'- O'
EL.152.
~
,',
- .II~'
::'ir-
~ . ".-
EL IS7.2
EL 163.8
W.L. EL. 155.5
70' - o.
ROAOWAY
( UNPAVED)
,
1
,
1
1
1
,
.1
1
I
I
SECTION A9
ROCK CREEK WASTtGATE
SCALE: 3116"' 1'-0'
C9
..
30'-S"
2- S'-S.X 5'-6-
STEEL SLUICE GATES
....
C9
EL 142.6
EL. 149' ~
"
"
,-
.,
"
"
.,
LJ
0
>-
A9
t.
>-
...
...
0:
en
z
~
0:
0
0
0
..
>-0
.....
3>
0"
..0-
oZ
o:~
"JIM,
~
(
SOUTH ELEVATION C9
TIN HOUSE GATE
SCALE: 3/IS'. ".0'
2
/
. - . .
---------------
PLAN AT STA. 138 -t 05
ROCK CREEK WASTEGATE
SCALE: 3/32" "'-0'
SAVANNAH
RIVER
------- ~
----
89
t.
EL.IS5.9
SCALE IN FEET
'Ii
'"i
:c~
'- '~I 89 AUGUSTA
Jr::' J CANAL
l~l:
PLAN AT STA. 25;3 -t 41
TIN HOUSE GATE
SCALE: 1".20'
CITY OF AUGUSTA. GEORGIA
AUGUSTA POWER CANAL
STATION 212+00 HYDROELECTRIC GENERATING FACILITY
ROCK CREEK WASTEGATE - TIN HOUSE GATE
(EXISTING)
o
ZIMMERMAN. EVANS. AND LEOPOLD, INC.
CONsut..TUM !IKINlEatS &dGII$Ta .ORCSIA
KM..l AS SHOWN ,....."" OCT. 1982 ,.IY. 8130 F 1----5772GA F9 Of II